https://biospectrumindia.com/rssfeed/bio-interactions/text%20blogs text blogs https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28650/one-science-three-regulators-what-the-metabolite-turn-means-for-microbial-products.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28650/one-science-three-regulators-what-the-metabolite-turn-means-for-microbial-products.html Wed, 14 Oct 2026 13:54:30 +0530 The same microbial preparation can reach an Indian consumer as a food, as a nutraceutical, or as an investigational medicine. The science underneath does not change. What changes is the evidence asked of it, the authority that asks, and the claims the label is then permitted to carry. For most of the past decade that was tolerable. Probiotics were live organisms sold as supplements, medicines were medicines, and the ground between them was wide enough that few products had to stand in it. Then the field moved, and it moved in a particular direction. The turn from organism to metabolite Much of what the microbiome does for its host, it does chemically. Bacteria ferment what we cannot digest and release compounds the host then uses, and those compounds are increasingly understood to be where the physiology actually sits. Butyrate is the best characterised of them. It is a short-chain fatty acid the human body does not synthesise, produced by colonic fermentation of dietary fibre, and it is the principal energy substrate of the colonocyte, a role Roediger described in 1980. It supports tight junction assembly, modulates histone deacetylase activity and regulatory T-cell differentiation, and acts on the free fatty acid receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3 on enteroendocrine cells, where it influences incretin secretion. A single bacterial metabolite, carrying a substantial share of what we attribute to a healthy gut. Once that is understood, an obvious question follows. If the metabolite is doing the work, why supply the organism and hope it is produced? That question has produced a generation of products built on microbial metabolites directly, and it is the reason our categories no longer hold. Where the categories stopped being distinct A probiotic is a live organism administered in adequate amounts to confer a health benefit. A postbiotic, under the 2021 consensus, is a preparation of inanimate microorganisms or their components. A synbiotic combines organism and substrate. A live biotherapeutic product is, in regulatory terms, a medicine made of bacteria. As a list, four tidy categories. In a development laboratory they are points on a continuum, with products at every position along it. Heat-treated strains. Cell-free supernatants. Defined consortia selected for one physiological effect. And purified metabolites with no cellular material in them at all, including butyrate delivered as tributyrin, a triglyceride prodrug cleaved by lipases along the gut rather than absorbed as a salt in the proximal intestine. A formulator moving along that continuum is making a scientific decision about mechanism. They are also, often without intending to, deciding which authority will govern the product and what it will cost to prove anything about it. Definitions written for an earlier generation The consensus definitions are good documents, carefully argued and widely adopted. They were also written to describe the products that existed when they were drafted. The postbiotic definition shows this most clearly. It requires inanimate microbial cells or their components, and deliberately excludes purified metabolites containing no cellular biomass. That exclusion was reasonable and remains defensible. It also means that products built on precisely the molecules through which the microbiome is now understood to act fall outside the term most commonly used to market them. This is not pedantry. A definition determines which literature a company may cite, which pathway it enters, and what a regulator will accept as evidence. Where a product sits outside every available definition, those questions have no settled answer, and the answer tends to be supplied by whoever is most confident rather than whoever is most correct. The real cost is to the standard of proof When a category’s boundaries are unsettled, the evidence bar attached to it drifts downward. A company that commissions a registered, prospectively declared trial competes on the same shelf as one that cited an ingredient supplier’s literature and called the matter settled. Both may use the same category word. Nothing on the label distinguishes them. Three things would help, none of them requiring a regulator to move first. Describe products by what they contain rather than by the category word that sells best; a purified metabolite is a purified metabolite. Register trials prospectively, including small ones, and publish them including the ones that disappoint. And settle measurement before settling claims, because for metabolite-based products our endpoints are presently weaker than our chemistry. India has the clinical infrastructure, the manufacturing base and the research capacity to lead this category. What it does not yet have is agreement on what the category is. That is worth settling ourselves, and soon.   Dr V. Ariarasudhan, Scientific Director & Co-Founder, Thirdbiome ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28652/fatty-liver-disease-management-antifibrotic-treatment-disease-staging-and-transplant-eligibility.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28652/fatty-liver-disease-management-antifibrotic-treatment-disease-staging-and-transplant-eligibility.html Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0530 For patients in Mumbai who are being evaluated for advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis or possible transplant needs, choosing a suitable liver transplant hospital in Mumbai can support timely staging, specialist review and long-term treatment planning. Understanding how NASH is assessed, managed and monitored can help patients make informed decisions about their treatment and long-term liver care. Understanding NASH and Liver Scarring NASH is a more serious form of fatty liver disease. It occurs when fat builds up in the liver causing inflammation and liver cell injury. Over time, this inflammation can lead to fibrosis, which means scarring in the liver. As fibrosis increases, the liver becomes less flexible and less able to function normally. Advanced fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis. Many patients feel well in the early stages, so screening is important for people with metabolic risk factors. Risk Factors That Need Screening Certain health conditions increase the risk of NASH and liver fibrosis. Patients may need screening if they have: Type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance Obesity, especially around the waist High cholesterol or triglycerides High blood pressure A family history of liver disease People with these risk factors should discuss liver testing with a doctor. Early assessment helps detect fibrosis before serious complications develop. Disease Staging and Monitoring Disease staging tells doctors how much liver scarring is present. Fibrosis is commonly graded from F0 to F4. F0 means no significant fibrosis, while F4 indicates cirrhosis. Doctors may use different tests to assess fibrosis, such as: FibroScan to measure liver stiffness Blood-based fibrosis scores Liver function tests Liver biopsy in selected cases Accurate staging guides the treatment plan. It also helps decide how often the patient needs follow-up. In many cases, staging is repeated over time to check whether fibrosis is stable, improving or progressing. How to Slow the Progression of NASH The main goal of NASH care is to reduce liver inflammation and slow fibrosis progression. Treatment usually focuses on metabolic control because NASH is closely linked with weight, diabetes, cholesterol and blood pressure. Important steps may include: Gradual and sustained weight loss Good control of blood sugar Management of cholesterol and triglycerides Regular physical activity Reduced intake of sugary drinks and processed foods Avoiding alcohol or limiting it as advised Avoiding medicines that may harm the liver Even modest weight loss can help reduce liver fat. A dietitian may recommend a Mediterranean-style eating pattern, balanced protein intake and reduced sugar consumption. These changes work best when they are steady and realistic. Antifibrotic and Medical Treatment Options Medical treatment for NASH is changing. Some newer medicines are designed to reduce liver fat, inflammation or fibrosis in selected patients. Antifibrotic treatment may be considered when fibrosis is moderate to advanced, but the patient has not yet developed cirrhosis. These medicines are not suitable for everyone. Availability may also depend on local approvals and the patient’s clinical condition. A hepatologist will assess fibrosis stage, diabetes status, weight, liver function and other health factors before advising any medical therapy. Lifestyle management remains the foundation of treatment. Medicines may add support in selected cases, but they do not replace diet, weight control, exercise and regular monitoring. Transplant Eligibility in Advanced Liver Disease Some patients may develop advanced cirrhosis despite treatment. A liver transplant may be considered when cirrhosis leads to serious complications or liver failure. This does not mean every patient with cirrhosis needs a transplant. Doctors assess transplant eligibility through liver function, complication history, overall health and scoring systems such as MELD. They also check the heart, kidneys, infections and general fitness before listing a patient. Early referral to a transplant team helps patients understand whether transplant evaluation is needed. Choosing a Liver Care Centre in Mumbai NASH and cirrhosis care often need support from several specialists. The best multi-speciality hospital in Mumbai can bring together hepatology, radiology, endocrinology, nutrition, critical care, and transplant services. Established centres such as Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital provides care for fatty liver, cirrhosis, liver failure and liver transplantation. This type of coordinated care can help patients move from diagnosis and staging to treatment planning and long-term follow-up. Patients should ask about fibrosis staging tools, transplant evaluation, liver cancer screening, nutrition support and follow-up systems. These details help families understand how the centre manages liver disease over time. Conclusion Preventing NASH-related cirrhosis starts with early diagnosis, accurate fibrosis staging and regular monitoring. Treatment is guided by the stage of liver disease and may include lifestyle changes, management of metabolic conditions, antifibrotic therapy in selected patients and transplant evaluation when appropriate. Understanding each stage of the disease helps patients make informed decisions and begin treatment at the right time. For those seeking advanced liver care, choosing a liver transplant hospital in Mumbai with experienced hepatology and transplant teams, comprehensive diagnostic services and long-term follow-up can support effective disease management and improve long-term liver health. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/28639/innovation-in-car-t-cell-therapy-making-treatment-faster-and-more-accessible.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/28639/innovation-in-car-t-cell-therapy-making-treatment-faster-and-more-accessible.html Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0530 The science behind car t-cell therapy has already been proven. What's harder now is the logistics side of things; actually getting this treatment to more patients, faster, without the process turning into a barrier of its own. A lot of the newest work in the field is focused right there. The Manufacturing Bottleneck Traditionally, this kind of therapy has meant a pretty involved process. A patient's T-cells get collected, shipped to a specialized facility, genetically modified, grown in large enough numbers, then shipped back to be infused into the patient. The whole cycle can take a few weeks, sometimes longer if anything gets delayed along the way. For patients, that wait isn't just an inconvenience. Aggressive cancers don't always allow for that kind of timeline, and some people need bridging treatments just to hold steady while their cells are being prepared somewhere else entirely. It's one of the most practical hurdles the field has been trying to work around. Point-of-Care Production: A Different Approach One of the more interesting shifts happening now is the move toward point-of-care manufacturing. Rather than sending cells across the country, or overseas, to a centralized lab, some hospitals are building out the ability to modify and grow T-cells on site, right where the patient is being treated. It's not just a convenience thing either. When cells don't have to travel as far, there's less chance for delays, shipping costs drop, and patients who don't have weeks to spare may get their treatment sooner. It also means smaller or more remote medical centers could eventually offer this kind of care without leaning entirely on a handful of centralized hubs somewhere else. This approach is still fairly new in a lot of places, and setting up the infrastructure and training staff isn't a small task. But more centers are exploring it each year, and the direction things are heading is pretty clear. Making the Process Faster Beyond where manufacturing happens, there's work being done on how long it actually takes. Researchers have been testing streamlined protocols that shorten the time cells spend growing in the lab, and some newer techniques suggest a faster production window doesn't necessarily mean a weaker end product. Automation is playing a role too. Manual steps used to slow things down and left more room for inconsistency between batches. Automating parts of that process is helping things run more consistently, and it's also a piece of what's needed to scale up production as more patients seek out this treatment. Why Accessibility Matters So Much Here None of this innovation counts for much if patients still can't get the treatment. Cost, geography, and the general complexity of coordinating care have all limited access in different ways, which is a big reason so much current research is focused on simplifying the process itself, not just improving it in a lab somewhere. As manufacturing gets faster, more localized, and less reliant on shipping cells long distances, the hope is that more patients, in more places, will be able to access this treatment when they actually need it. It's not a solved problem yet, but it's moving in a more practical, more accessible direction than it was even a few years back.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28615/beyond-pink-ribbon-tokenism-survivorship-advocacy-policy-in-indian-oncology.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28615/beyond-pink-ribbon-tokenism-survivorship-advocacy-policy-in-indian-oncology.html Wed, 07 Oct 2026 21:21:13 +0530 Each October, Breast Cancer Awareness Month unleashes commemorative banners, webinars, and survivor testimonials, celebrating patients across public forums as enduring symbols of courage. Yet once marketing concludes, structural deficits across India’s cancer care continuum remain unaddressed: acute survivorship care gaps and the precarious status of independent advocates within healthcare governance. Transforming performative awareness into measurable outcomes requires concrete policy execution: defining independent research advocacy, integrating structured survivorship navigation to alleviate clinical overload, and institutionalising Fair Market Value (FMV) compensation for lived-experience consulting. Acute Eradication vs. Functional Preservation ICMR and GLOBOCAN data record over 200,000 annual breast cancer cases in India—representing 28% of female malignancies. While India’s five-year relative survival rate of 66.4% lags behind Western benchmarks due to late-stage presentation, multimodal care transitions over 100,000 women into survivorship annually. Crucially, a substantial proportion are diagnosed under age 50, entering remission with decades of productive professional and family life ahead. This reality underscores a fundamental distinction: an active patient requires acute disease eradication, whereas a survivor requires long-term functional preservation. The Survivorship-Prevention Paradox Tertiary oncology centres are optimised almost exclusively for acute care: surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Under heavy outpatient throughput, follow-ups focus strictly on recurrence surveillance. This pressure fuels the Survivorship-Prevention Paradox: acute interventions achieve disease-free survival, yet systems disengage from chronic toxicities. Adjuvant endocrine therapies, premature ovarian failure, secondary lymphedema, joint arthralgia, and chronic autonomic fatigue receive little structured management once active hospital protocols conclude. Treatment adherence breaks down not from patient apathy, but because clinical delivery lacks formal bridges between acute intervention and multi-year maintenance. The Oncofertility Blind Spot With hormone receptor–positive (HR+) tumours accounting for 50% to 60% of diagnoses in India, precision endocrine regimens and targeted biologics make the disease highly manageable. Yet manageability is not finality; it mandates 5 to 10 years of endocrine blockade, ovarian suppression, and chronic toxicities. For younger premenopausal women, chemotherapy and ovarian suppression routinely induce premature ovarian insufficiency, terminating reproductive potential. While international guidelines (such as ASCO and ESMO) mandate upfront fertility preservation counselling, heavy clinical workloads and socio-cultural barriers leave it largely unaddressed in high-volume clinics. Genuine survivorship requires institutional frameworks balancing multi-year disease control with reproductive autonomy. Defining the Independent Research Advocate In India, the term "patient advocate" is often conflated across distinct functions. Industry relations leads manage corporate stakeholder partnerships, while clinicians advocate for diagnostic and therapy access. Neither replaces the independent patient voice. An Independent Lived-Experience Research Advocate is an autonomous expert with personal treatment navigation who has developed formal literacy in clinical trial design, bioethics, and regulatory guidelines. Operating free from corporate obligations, they evaluate protocol feasibility, assess participant burden, review informed consent clarity, and identify real-world adherence barriers. Regulatory Precedents and Fair Market Value Under ICMR National Ethical Guidelines and the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules (NDCTR 2019), patient and community representatives hold statutory seats on Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs). Globally, premier bodies—including Susan G. Komen, ESMO, and AACR—routinely integrate research advocates into grant reviews, steering committees, and trial co-design. Complementing these standards, international initiatives by WECAN and PFMD have formalised Fair Market Value (FMV) models. These frameworks recognise specialized advocacy as technical consulting rather than discretionary volunteerism, setting standardised remuneration schedules for advisory boards and protocol reviews. Establishing FMV benchmarks alongside formal training is essential to institutionalizing an accredited cadre of independent oncology consultants. Strategic Policy Recommendations To transition from tokenism to technical integration, sponsors, CROs, and healthcare institutions should implement three operational steps: Standardise FMV Guidelines: Introduce formal consulting agreements and structured remuneration for independent advocates advising on trial protocols, steering committees, and patient-reported outcome (PRO) endpoints. Differentiate Stakeholder Roles: Clearly demarcate pharmaceutical industry liaisons, hospital provider advocates, and independent lived-experience consultants across ethics panels to eliminate conflicts of interest. Institutionalise Task-Shifted Peer Navigation: India’s oncologist-to-patient ratio forces clinicians to prioritize acute cytotoxic care, leaving long-term toxicities, lymphedema, oncofertility, and endocrine adherence unaddressed. Task-shifting non-oncologic survivorship navigation to accredited peer advocates protects clinical bandwidth, reduces informational burden, and curbs avoidable treatment discontinuation. To execute this equitably, the ecosystem must establish safeguards: third-party blind-pool funding models to protect advocate autonomy, ring-fenced public trial grant allocations so academic research is not priced out, and regional-language training pathways to prevent urban exclusivity. Ultimately, supported survivorship generates a self-reinforcing flywheel. When survivorship is visible and supported, it directly dismantles the fear and fatalism deterring timely screening. Thriving survivors prove early detection secures not merely temporary survival, but a full, productive life.   About the author- Sarika Rana serves as a global patient advocate across Susan G. Komen, ESMO, and AACR. She is the founder of Anandi Sheroes. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28586/from-compliance-to-clinical-excellence-how-governance-is-redefining-modern-hospitals.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28586/from-compliance-to-clinical-excellence-how-governance-is-redefining-modern-hospitals.html Thu, 01 Oct 2026 13:30:39 +0530   The journey toward structured healthcare quality began in the Western world, where health systems gradually realized that systematic monitoring of clinical outcomes and infection control practices was essential to reducing morbidity and surgical complications. This realisation spurred the creation of formal quality standards, independent accreditation bodies, and public data-reporting frameworks, such as the Leapfrog Group and public hospital scorecards—which made clinical performance transparent and accountable. In contrast, India's healthcare system remains largely focused on point-in-time accreditation, where compliance checklists often overshadow continuous oversight. To truly elevate patient safety and care standards, Indian healthcare must now move beyond basic accreditation toward dynamic, real-time clinical governance. While regulatory and licensing bodies set baseline standards, a significant gap remains between point-in-time compliance and continuous oversight. Complication rates, procedure volumes, and protocol adherence need to be monitored in real time rather than reviewed after an incident or during periodic audits. As hospital networks grow larger and more complex, clinical governance must evolve from a static compliance exercise into a dynamic framework for continuous quality improvement. Shifting from Retrospective Reviews to Real-Time Support For decades, quality management relied on retrospective reviews such as periodic paper audits, late incident reports, and monthly peer evaluations that identified gaps weeks after care was delivered. While these tools still matter, modern healthcare demands prospective intelligence. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) now embed governance directly into clinical workflows. Rather than discovering errors retroactively, clinicians receive evidence-based guidance at the point of care, evaluating differential diagnoses, checking drug interactions, and identifying appropriate care pathways. Multi-step artificial intelligence models can further assist by cross-referencing recommendations against validated medical literature. Crucially, AI serves to strengthen clinical judgment rather than replace it. This transition relies on non-punitive feedback loops. Converting unstructured medical records into structured data allows health systems to spot protocol variations while encouraging clinicians to document context-specific decisions. Governance thus shifts from identifying fault to driving continuous systemic improvement. Building a Continuous Oversight Ecosystem Scaling governance across multi-site hospital networks requires structured, longitudinal tracking. Key pillars of a modern oversight framework include: Dynamic Physician Profiling: Tracking credentials, active privileges, continuing education, and case logbooks dynamically. Balanced Clinical Scorecards: Synthesizing procedure volumes, complication rates, patient feedback, and guideline adherence. Longitudinal Outcome Audits: Evaluating Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and 30-day readmissions after discharge. Continuous data streams reveal subtle procedural trends such as infection variances or unexpected surgical durations, allowing leaders to intervene before issues become systemic. Aligning Governance with Value-Based Care Digital governance is essential as healthcare shifts toward value-based care models, where success is measured by delivering optimal care while managing total health costs. Real-time prompts help prevent unnecessary investigations, unwarranted surgeries, and avoidable admissions. Post-discharge platforms ensure rehabilitation and chronic care management continue seamlessly. Evolving accreditation frameworks, such as the NABH 6th Edition, mirror this transition by emphasising measurable outcomes like unplanned readmissions and surgical site infections, over paperwork alone. The goal for expanding hospital systems is not to build rigid bureaucracy, but to establish a digital central nervous system that monitors care quality continuously. By uniting digital technology with clinical governance, future-ready hospitals ensure clinical excellence is measurable, physician decision-making is supported, and patient safety remains central to healthcare delivery.   Dr Chandrika Kambam, Group Medical Director, Even Hospitals ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/28537/innovation-in-car-t-cell-therapy-making-treatment-faster-and-more-accessible.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/28537/innovation-in-car-t-cell-therapy-making-treatment-faster-and-more-accessible.html Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0530 The science behind car t-cell therapy has already been proven. What's harder now is the logistics side of things; actually getting this treatment to more patients, faster, without the process turning into a barrier of its own. A lot of the newest work in the field is focused right there. The Manufacturing Bottleneck Traditionally, this kind of therapy has meant a pretty involved process. A patient's T-cells get collected, shipped to a specialized facility, genetically modified, grown in large enough numbers, then shipped back to be infused into the patient. The whole cycle can take a few weeks, sometimes longer if anything gets delayed along the way. For patients, that wait isn't just an inconvenience. Aggressive cancers don't always allow for that kind of timeline, and some people need bridging treatments just to hold steady while their cells are being prepared somewhere else entirely. It's one of the most practical hurdles the field has been trying to work around. Point-of-Care Production: A Different Approach One of the more interesting shifts happening now is the move toward point-of-care manufacturing. Rather than sending cells across the country, or overseas, to a centralized lab, some hospitals are building out the ability to modify and grow T-cells on site, right where the patient is being treated. It's not just a convenience thing either. When cells don't have to travel as far, there's less chance for delays, shipping costs drop, and patients who don't have weeks to spare may get their treatment sooner. It also means smaller or more remote medical centers could eventually offer this kind of care without leaning entirely on a handful of centralized hubs somewhere else. This approach is still fairly new in a lot of places, and setting up the infrastructure and training staff isn't a small task. But more centers are exploring it each year, and the direction things are heading is pretty clear. Making the Process Faster Beyond where manufacturing happens, there's work being done on how long it actually takes. Researchers have been testing streamlined protocols that shorten the time cells spend growing in the lab, and some newer techniques suggest a faster production window doesn't necessarily mean a weaker end product. Automation is playing a role too. Manual steps used to slow things down and left more room for inconsistency between batches. Automating parts of that process is helping things run more consistently, and it's also a piece of what's needed to scale up production as more patients seek out this treatment. Why Accessibility Matters So Much Here None of this innovation counts for much if patients still can't get the treatment. Cost, geography, and the general complexity of coordinating care have all limited access in different ways, which is a big reason so much current research is focused on simplifying the process itself, not just improving it in a lab somewhere. As manufacturing gets faster, more localized, and less reliant on shipping cells long distances, the hope is that more patients, in more places, will be able to access this treatment when they actually need it. It's not a solved problem yet, but it's moving in a more practical, more accessible direction than it was even a few years back.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28525/building-indias-bio-ai-workforce-requires-a-three-way-compact.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28525/building-indias-bio-ai-workforce-requires-a-three-way-compact.html Wed, 23 Sep 2026 11:09:42 +0530 Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing life sciences from drug discovery and clinical development to manufacturing, diagnostics and drug-safety monitoring. Yet the sector’s workforce challenge will not be solved simply by adding a generic AI course to a science degree. Life-sciences professionals need dual fluency: enough biology and regulatory understanding to frame the right problem, and enough data and AI literacy to evaluate whether a system is reliable, safe and useful. This matters because life-sciences AI operates in regulated settings, where errors can affect patients, product quality, scientific integrity, commercial decisions and public confidence at scale. India already has building blocks. The IndiaAI Mission’s FutureSkills programme is expanding AI education, fellowships and training infrastructure beyond metropolitan centres. The BioE3 policy proposes Bio-AI hubs across academia and industry, while government skilling programmes now include AI-enabled roles in life sciences. The missing element is an operating model that connects these initiatives to real scientific and industrial work. The government should provide the common rails. This means financing compute, secure data environments and teaching laboratories; defining portable competency standards; and supporting paid apprenticeships rather than measuring success only through enrolments or certificates. A national skills map, refreshed with employers and universities, should identify demand across roles such as bioinformatics, computational chemistry, digital pathology, bioprocess optimisation and regulatory analytics. Public funding should reward programmes for demonstrated competence, placement, progression and regional inclusion. Academia should redesign learning around problems, not departments. A biotechnology student need not become a software engineer, but should be able to work with data, question model outputs and understand validation. A computer-science student entering healthcare must learn experimental design, biological variability, privacy, research ethics and regulation. Universities can create shared modules taught jointly by life-science, engineering, statistics and ethics faculty. Faculty also need industry residencies so curricula follow changing practice rather than yesterday’s tools. Industry’s contribution must go beyond guest lectures. Companies should publish skill requirements, provide anonymised or synthetic datasets, supply mentors and offer paid project placements. They can help universities build realistic assignments: predicting process deviations, improving trial recruitment, analysing microscopy images or monitoring drug safety. In return, firms gain a talent pipeline whose capabilities have been tested in relevant settings. Smaller biotechnology companies should participate through consortia, since few can build training programmes alone. The partnership should be organised through regional Bio-AI skills hubs linked to universities, hospitals, research institutes, manufacturers and startups. Each hub could run short, stackable credentials for students and working professionals; shared capstone projects; faculty immersion; and apprenticeships. Credentials should record what a learner can do, the datasets and tools used, and the level of supervision required—not merely hours completed. Responsible use must be part of competence, not a separate compliance lecture. Learners should practise recording where data came from, testing performance across populations, protecting confidential information, detecting when performance deteriorates and knowing when human review is essential. In life sciences, an impressive model can still fail because the data are unrepresentative or the biological question is poorly framed. Finally, the three partners need shared accountability. The government should publish outcomes; academia should track whether training improves employability and research quality; industry should report apprenticeship conversion and emerging skill needs. An independent advisory group could review curricula annually and retire credentials that no longer match practice.  The aim is not to produce a generation of scientists who merely use AI tools. It is to build teams capable of combining biological judgment, computational skill and public responsibility.  The government can create access and standards, academia can build durable understanding, and industry can supply real problems and pathways into work. Their strongest contribution will come from designing the system together.   Chintan Dave, Chief of Staff, Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/27895/why-am-i-not-losing-weight-5-common-reasons.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/27895/why-am-i-not-losing-weight-5-common-reasons.html Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0530 So, if you’re annoyed at the scale for not moving, don’t blame it; you might need to fix some other things that could be slowing you down. Portions are Too Large Even too much healthy food can give you a lot of calories. All those nuts, oils, sauces, cheese, smoothies, and dressings can silently sabotage your calorie-cutting plans. Prevent that by measuring your portions for a short time so you understand how much you are really eating. Too Many Snacks? A few biscuits with tea, a handful of chips, or bites while cooking may not feel that filling; still, they can give you a lot of calories. Limit these as much as possible and try them with healthier snacks like juicy berries, protein bars, flavoured MB oats, or whole-grain cookies. Drinking Hidden Calories Sugary coffee, soft drinks, fruit juice, milkshakes, and alcohol can provide many calories without making you feel full. Water, unsweetened tea, or plain coffee may help reduce these extra calories. Expecting Results too Early Weight does not fall in a perfectly straight line. Water retention, salt intake, digestion, stress, and hormonal changes can affect the scale. Weigh yourself under similar conditions and focus on the weekly average rather than one reading. Not Eating Enough Protein Protein helps you feel full and supports muscle while you lose fat. Include eggs, fish, chicken, beans, lentils, tofu, yogurt, or cottage cheese in your meals. Strength training can also help protect muscle and improve body composition. Your Daily Movement is Low A gym workout is useful, but it may not cancel out sitting for most of the day. Add small amounts of movement, such as walking after meals, taking the stairs, or standing regularly. These habits can make a meaningful difference over time. Pairing daily activity with metabolism boosters like apple cider vinegar for weight loss can also be a naturally effective strategy for shedding excess fat. To Sum Up Don’t let a slow-moving scale ruin your motivation. Check your portions, snacks, drinks, protein, and daily movement, then give your body time to respond. Rest and recovery matter too, so sleep well and take breaks when needed. Small, steady changes are easier to follow and can bring better results over time. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28489/from-college-labs-to-clinic-indias-quiet-student-led-healthcare-research-movement.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28489/from-college-labs-to-clinic-indias-quiet-student-led-healthcare-research-movement.html Tue, 15 Sep 2026 22:34:11 +0530 Something meaningful is shifting in where healthcare research in India begins. Not dramatically, but steadily, and in a direction the pharmaceutical and healthtech industry would do well to notice. Across undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in medicine, life sciences, and biomedical engineering, a growing number of students are attempting to tackle problems with immediate diagnostic, therapeutic, and public-health relevance. What distinguishes their work is a quality that corporate R&D pipelines- optimised, rightly, for regulatory timelines and commercial return are rarely structured to produce: it is grounded in the day-to-day constraints of community health, and approached without the assumptions that settle in over years inside any established institution. Yet this momentum reveals a stark institutional asymmetry. Today, the structured opportunity to conduct formal health research remains heavily concentrated inside a privileged tier: apex institutes like AIIMS and the IITs, premier central universities, and well-endowed private medical campuses. For students inside these enclaves, institutional ethics committees, funded faculty supervisors, and well-equipped wet labs are standard operating environments. For the majority of India's higher-education cohort- enrolled in the country's 45,000-plus affiliated colleges, six in ten of which are in rural areas, and in the newer government medical colleges attached to district hospitals- the picture is completely different. They sit in closest geographic proximity to the primary health centres and district hospitals where India's healthcare delivery is most severely tested. They have no shortage of pressing questions, but almost no institutional rails to test them. The clearest sign that student-led health innovation is a genuine national impulse comes from the platforms that track it. The Indian Council of Medical Research's Short Term Studentship has for decades provided structured grants to MBBS and BDS students. BIRAC's SITARE-GYTI awards, run with SRISTI, surfaced student biotech prototypes from 96 institutions across 23 states in a single cycle. And the Smart India Hackathon (SIH) drew over 8,000 finalist students to its 2025 grand finale, with MedTech/BioTech/HealthTech a standing theme- close to 20 of the 226 problem statements in the 2026 catalogue already. A look through the SIH problem-statement repository shows what these students are actually being asked to build: explainable AI for diabetic retinopathy screening in rural India, community early-warning systems for water-borne disease in the North-East, telemedicine access for villages without a nearby doctor, and low-cost prosthetic and orthotic devices. These are pragmatic attempts to build against real resource constraints- intermittent electricity, erratic connectivity, and non-specialist frontline health workers. For pharma and healthtech leaders, this distinction matters. These students are designing for the exact clinical environments where scalable public-health impact must occur. But while their talent is distributed nationwide, research infrastructure is not. India has constructed a respectable post-graduation stack- BIRAC's BIG grant, NIDHI-PRAYAS, a growing network of medtech incubators- but almost all of it assumes a registered company or an incubator seat. What remains missing is a pathway that begins at the undergraduate project stage and is funded against verifiable milestones, with no company required. Between an early laboratory hypothesis and an incubator-ready device sits a perilous gap. Crossing it typically requires small amounts of capital- Rs 50,000 to a few lakhs- alongside early alignment with institutional ethics committees and, for devices, the CDSCO pathway. When students in non-elite colleges hit this wall, their work stalls. Promising diagnostics are abandoned on lab benches because no mechanism exists to fund the proof. This is precisely where the pharmaceutical and healthtech sectors can intervene with strategic foresight. Milestone-based project support- wherein an enterprise backs defined student research in its own focus areas and releases capital against verified bench milestones- surfaces early-stage innovation long before it enters a crowded venture pipeline. It is also a defensible application of CSR capital under the healthcare and education heads of Schedule VII, delivered through a non-profit implementing partner. The motivation behind building DreamXec stems directly from this gap. Whether a viable clinical idea survives should not depend on whether a student secured a seat at an elite metro institution. The strategic question for the healthcare industry is whether it will continue waiting for mature ventures to emerge from the top campuses, or build the rails to engage student researchers while they are still in the lab.   Ashish Trivedi, Founder, DreamXec  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28398/why-indias-real-overdose-emergency-isnt-the-drug-but-the-delay.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28398/why-indias-real-overdose-emergency-isnt-the-drug-but-the-delay.html Sat, 29 Aug 2026 21:32:17 +0530 Ahead of International Overdose Awareness Day on August 31, most conversations turn to numbers: how many deaths, how many adm issions, how the figures have climbed year on year. Those numbers matter. But inside an emergency room, the number that actually decides whether a patient walks out or doesn’t is not any statistic; but the minutes. In overdose medicine, there is a narrow window between when breathing starts to fail and when it stops altogether. What happens in that window, who notices, how fast they act, and how quickly the patient reaches a hospital equipped to manage it, matters more than the substance that was involved. This is the part of the overdose crisis that almost never makes it into public conversation. It plays out quietly, in homes, hostels, and cars on the way to a hospital, long before a patient is even counted. What Actually Kills, and How Fast Most fatal overdoses, whether from a sedative, an opioid painkiller, or an unknown substance picked up at a party, follow a similar physiological path. The central nervous system, which controls breathing and heart rate, slows down. Breathing becomes shallow, then irregular, and then stops. The heart can continue beating for several minutes after that, which means there is often a survivable window if oxygen can be restored in time. However, that gap is short. Depending on the substance and the person’s health, permanent brain injury from lack of oxygen can begin as soon as four to six minutes after breathing stops. In a hospital ICU, we can manage this: airway support, ventilation, monitoring, and reversal agents where applicable. Outside the hospital, in the time before help arrives, almost none of that is available unless someone nearby recognises what is happening and acts fast. This is where India’s overdose problem becomes a community one. The Recognition Gap In practical experience of overdose cases, where the condition is identified very late, there always seems to be a similar trend where the individuals surrounding the person do not know what to do because the signs of an overdose only become apparent after many crucial moments have passed. Breathing difficulties are thought to be either drunkenness or blocked nose. Confusion and difficulty speaking are overlooked because they are immediate signs of visible pain. Unlike heart attacks or an injury, an overdose may appear harmless at first glance. Most often, there is no collapse involved, no fight involved. The individual may lie dying in a bed while people around think the person just needs some rest. That is the one mistake deadlier than the substance, which can even result in death. The Transport Gap Even when an overdose is recognised in time, what happens next in most parts of India is inconsistent. In large cities with reasonable ambulance access, patients can reach a capable emergency department within a workable window. In smaller towns, or even in parts of large cities with heavy traffic, transport delays can erase the advantage of early recognition entirely. Clinicians also see a hesitation factor: families delay calling for help or bringing a patient in because of the stigma attached to drug use, whether it involves an illegal substance or a misused prescription medicine. Fear of judgement, fear of legal trouble, or just embarrassment can add minutes to respiratory failure. What Actually Moves the Needle Overdose management does not really require a new drug or advanced medical technology. The interventions that save lives are almost entirely awareness and speed. Here’s how you can recognise some of the warning signs: Unusually slow or shallow breathing Bluish lips or fingertips Unresponsiveness to voice or touch Extreme agitation, a racing heartbeat, or seizures depending on the substance involved. Treat any of these as a medical emergency rather than wait-and-watch approach, regardless of what was taken or how it was obtained. Removing any and all hesitation to call for help, and dial for emergency help or try to rush the person to the nearest healthcare centre. A hospital’s role is to stabilise the patient, and not to judge how they got there. Basic bystander training, such as the kind already used for choking or cardiac arrest, must be extended to cover overdose recognition, even in non-medical settings like colleges, hostels, and workplaces. Reframing the Day International Overdose Awareness Day is usually framed around loss, and rightly so. But from where emergency medicine sits, it is also a reminder that the difference between life and death is often what happens before the patient reaches a doctor. India does not yet have a real-time system to track overdose response, community case mapping, or a mechanism to prevent prescription overdosing. What is within the reach of the healthcare system, that too at zero cost and one that could change outcomes immediately, is to teach people what an overdose looks like, what steps they should take as bystanders, and make it easier for them to ask for help the moment they recognise the quiet symptoms.   Dr Arjun Alva, Senior Consultant, Director, Adult Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Narayana Health ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28298/indias-next-leap-powering-a-rising-nation-through-research-and-innovation.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28298/indias-next-leap-powering-a-rising-nation-through-research-and-innovation.html Wed, 12 Aug 2026 16:56:42 +0530 For most of the last three decades, India competed on scale. A young workforce, a fast-growing entrepreneurial base and an ability to execute at volume turned the country into the world's back office, a manufacturing destination, and one of the fastest growing large economies. That approach worked well, and it is still working. But it is no longer enough on its own. The next round of global competition will be decided less by who can build more and faster, and more by who discovers something first, patents it first, and gets it to market faster. Artificial intelligence, biotechnology, quantum computing and clean energy are changing what counts as economic leadership. Scientific capability now matters as much as industrial capacity, and that is the shift India has to make. There is no shortage of intent from the government. The Anusandhan National Research Foundation, the Research, Development and Innovation Scheme, the IndiaAI Mission, the National Quantum Mission, BioE3 and the India Semiconductor Mission all say the same thing: research is no longer treated as an academic pursuit, it is treated as an economic one. That is a genuine shift in how the state sees science. Where things get harder is after the policy is announced. A mission or a fund can put money into a lab. It cannot, by itself, decide whether that lab's work ever becomes a product, a company or a patent that means anything commercially. That conversion, from research to enterprise, is where most of India's effort is still thin. The spending gap gets too much attention India's gross expenditure on research and development has more than doubled over the last decade, moving from about Rs 60,000 crore in 2010-11 to close to Rs 1.27 lakh crore in 2020-21. Recent budgets have added significantly more on top of that, alongside new schemes meant to bring private capital into research funding for the first time. Even with that growth, India's R&D spending sits around 0.64% of GDP, well below countries like China, South Korea or Israel. It is easy to look at that number and conclude the problem is simply underfunding. The more useful question is what each rupee of that spending actually produces. Papers published and patents filed are simple to count, and simple to inflate, but they tell you very little about whether an idea ever turned into a working technology or a functioning business. Judged against that standard, the funding gap looks more like a symptom of a system that has not yet learned to convert research into value, rather than the root cause itself. Talent is not the constraint By almost any measure, India's scientific talent base is remarkable. Millions of STEM graduates enter the workforce every year, and the country produces one of the largest cohorts of doctoral researchers in the world. India also does better than most economies on gender representation in STEM with women comprising roughly 43% of its total STEM graduate pool, which deserves more credit than it usually gets. The problem shows up after graduation. Good research often stays inside academic journals because industry keeps funding incremental improvements instead of taking bigger bets on unproven ideas. Plenty of capable researchers still choose to build their careers abroad, and it is rarely because India lacks potential. It is usually because other countries offer steadier funding, better infrastructure and a clearer route from lab to market. So the real issue is not that talented people leave India. It is that India has not yet built enough places where staying is the more rewarding choice. A few institutions already show what works There are working examples of this done right. IISc, the IITs, CSIR laboratories, BIRAC and C-CAMP have all demonstrated that when a research institution builds a genuine working relationship with industry, science actually crosses over into commercial products. The task now is not inventing a new model. It is expanding what already works in a handful of institutions until it becomes how the whole system operates. You can already see the early signs of this in specific sectors. India built its global reputation in healthcare as the pharmacy of the world through generics, and it is now trying to move further up the chain into biologics, genomics and personalized medicine, which means inventing new therapies rather than manufacturing cheaper versions of old ones. In artificial intelligence, the combination of digital public infrastructure and growing compute capacity under the IndiaAI Mission gives the country a real shot at building its own capability instead of importing someone else's models. Semiconductors, electric mobility and green hydrogen carry the same logic. The goal in each case is to help set the direction of these technologies early, rather than adopting them years after other countries have already defined the standards. Private capital has to show up None of this happens quickly, and that is exactly why private industry needs to take on a bigger share of the burden. In the economies that actually lead on innovation, businesses fund most of the research because they see it as a long term competitive advantage rather than a cost to be trimmed whenever budgets tighten. Indian industry has not made that shift yet, and until it does, public money will keep carrying weight that should belong to the market. Access to research infrastructure also needs to stop being concentrated in a handful of cities. I-STEM has made real progress giving researchers and startups shared access to expensive scientific equipment, but most of the country's serious research capacity is still sitting in a small number of metros. The talent in Tier-II and Tier-III India is real. What is missing is the lab access to actually put it to work. And the pipeline needs to start earlier than graduate school. Undergraduate research opportunities, interdisciplinary programs, and classrooms built around solving problems rather than memorizing answers are what eventually produce people capable of doing any of the rest of this. What 2047 will actually measure India has set 2047, a century after independence, as the year it becomes a developed nation. Whether that happens will depend less on the headline GDP growth rate and more on something harder to put a number on: whether India starts building technologies the rest of the world adopts, instead of products the rest of the world simply buys. History has a habit of remembering countries not for how efficiently they manufactured someone else's ideas, but for the ideas they had first. India already knows how to build at scale. What it has not yet proven is that it can turn scientific discovery into enterprise consistently, not just inside a few standout labs but across the system as a whole. The talent is there. The policy intent is there. What remains is whether the country can bring the two together into something that actually functions as one ecosystem, rather than a set of good ideas running in parallel.   Dr Ravindra Vikram Singh, Director and Head- R&D, Technology and Innovation at Merck  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28257/the-hidden-cost-of-being-the-fifth-entrant.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28257/the-hidden-cost-of-being-the-fifth-entrant.html Wed, 05 Aug 2026 17:50:12 +0530 First-mover advantage gets studied to death in pharma strategy. Almost nobody studies the other end of the queue- what it actually costs to be approval number five into an already-crowded molecule. In India's generics and specialty-generics landscape, that number is where a lot of investment cases quietly stop making sense, well before anyone updates the model to say so. The market doesn't split five ways- it splits after four price cuts Each new approval into a molecule doesn't just add a competitor to divide the pie- it resets the price floor for everyone entering after it. By the time a molecule reaches its fifth entrant, average selling price has typically fallen well below whatever the pre-launch model assumed at position one or two. The fifth entrant doesn't inherit a fifth of the category average; it inherits whatever floor the first four have already carved out. The go/no-go question worth asking isn't what the category is worth today- it's what realistic entry price looks like specifically at position five, not position one. The US FDA has also measured this trend directly, across its entire generics market. Its own pricing analysis found that with a single generic competitor, prices average 39% below the pre-competition brand price. With two competitors, that reaches 54% lower. With four, 79% lower. With six or more, prices fall by more than 95%. Each additional entrant keeps moving the floor, not just the first few ones- which is precisely why treating ‘generic entry’ as a single event, rather than a sequence with a measurable price attached to each position in the queue, misses where the actual commercial risk sits. India's 2026 semaglutide market shows this dynamic playing out in real time and even faster. When the drug's patent expired in March 2026, more than 30 generic entrants rushed in within weeks. Novo Nordisk's own branded price had stood around ₹8,800–10,000 a month; the first wave of generics launched at ₹3,400–4,200, and within the same window, later entrants were already undercutting them further, down to ₹1,290–1,760. By the time a dozen-plus companies were competing for the same molecule, the ‘market’ wasn't one price point anymore- it was a race to whichever floor the most recent entrant had just set. Another well documented example is India’s hepatitis C market. Gilead licensed seven Indian manufacturers to produce sofosbuvir in September 2014, a number that grew to eleven within about two years as more companies entered. The drug launched in India in late 2015 at roughly $1,000 for a full 12-week course. Within that same year, as additional manufacturers entered the field, on-the-ground pricing had already fallen to around $483 a course, and a multi-manufacturer price survey conducted around the same period found courses ranging anywhere from $161 to $312 depending on which licensed generic was dispensed. By 2016–17, once state governments began procuring the drug through tenders, prices had collapsed further still: Haryana's state tender secured a 12-week combination course for roughly ₹5,250 (about $80 at the time), and Punjab's for around ₹7,200 (about $110). Every additional entrant after the first movers wasn't dividing a stable market- it was competing into a floor that kept dropping under it, year over year, tender by tender. In tender markets, the fifth bidder isn't competing on quality anymore Institutional and government procurement channels award almost entirely on L1- lowest price. Every additional approved entrant adds one more bidder willing to go lower, and by the time a molecule has five approved players, margins at the winning bid are frequently sitting at or below the point where fulfilling the contract still makes commercial sense. Winning the tender and the contract being worth having are two different outcomes, and it's worth checking which one a fifth-entrant bid actually delivers before treating a tender win as a commercial success in itself. The sofosbuvir tenders case reinforce this: once enough manufacturers were competing for the same state contracts, winning L1 bids landed at $80–$110 a course- a fraction of the roughly $1,000 launch price just a year or two earlier, and a level that left little room above raw production cost for whichever manufacturer actually won. That's the real mechanics of a tender-driven market: it isn't a fixed prize divided among bidders, it's a floor that gets renegotiated downward with every additional company willing to bid for it. Entering a tender-heavy molecule at position five means underwriting a business case against a price that hasn't been set yet- it's set by whoever bids lowest on the day, and that number tends to fall, not hold, as more approved competitors enter the pool. More formulators chasing the same molecule doesn't lower API cost- it raises it When five or more companies are competing for the same active ingredient from the same two or three approved sources, procurement leverage shifts to the supplier, not the buyer. Earlier entrants typically lock in volume commitments and preferential terms first; the fifth entrant is usually left negotiating from a weaker position, often the least favorable pricing and the shortest supply security in the group. The real diligence question at that point isn't whether the molecule is attractive- it's who actually controls upstream supply once five buyers are chasing the same two or three sources; unless the sources increase. This isn't a hypothetical risk. China currently supplies an estimated 70–80% of the world's antibiotic API production and roughly 80% of the intermediates used to manufacture APIs globally- and for specific inputs, the concentration is tighter still: five Chinese manufacturers alone control more than four-fifths of global production of 6-APA, the key starting material behind penicillin-class antibiotics. When that many downstream formulators are drawing on that few upstream sources, a late entrant isn't negotiating a commodity price- it's negotiating access to a chokepoint, and the negotiating leverage sits entirely on the other side of the table. By the time approval five clears the queue, the opportunity it was built for has often closed Regulatory review timelines create their own timing trap. A filing decision made when only two competitors existed in a category can result in a launch landing into a market that now has four. The competitive landscape that justified the original investment case rarely still exists by the time the approval actually lands- which means the question that matters isn't what the market looks like on the filing date, but what it will look like on the approval date. Being early isn't the goal- being early enough to still matter is The right strategic question isn't ‘should we enter this molecule.’ It's ‘at what entrant position does this stop being worth entering- and where do we actually sit relative to that number today.’ That threshold moves with every molecule, every market, and every cost structure involved, and it's rarely sitting where the original go/no-go call assumed it would be. Treating entrant position as a footnote, rather than the central variable in the decision, is how a defensible business case at the modeling stage turns into a fifth-entrant margin problem at launch.   Karishma Shah, Director and Founder, PharmAnalytica ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28234/hospitals-to-strengthen-mechanical-electrical-plumbing-and-fire-protection-systems.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28234/hospitals-to-strengthen-mechanical-electrical-plumbing-and-fire-protection-systems.html Wed, 29 Jul 2026 18:07:58 +0530 The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented stress test for hospital infrastructure. As hospitals rapidly expanded intensive care capacity, accommodated surging oxygen demand and created isolation facilities, many building services were pushed beyond their intended limits. By exposing critical weaknesses in the Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing and Fire Protection (MEPF) systems that underpin modern healthcare, the pandemic demonstrated that resilient healthcare depends not only on clinical expertise but also on engineering systems that are flexible, reliable and capable of responding to public health emergencies. Engineering the Future of Healthcare Replacing hospitals is rarely practical or economical, whereas modernising existing healthcare facilities by upgrading MEPF systems offers a cost-effective way to improve resilience, infection control and operational efficiency. Modern hospitals must be designed with the flexibility to adapt clinical spaces, increase critical care capacity and maintain uninterrupted services during emergencies. Hospital engineering systems cannot be upgraded in isolation; mechanical, electrical, plumbing and digital systems are closely interconnected, with each influencing the performance of the others. An integrated MEPF strategy therefore is essential to build futureproof healthcare systems. Electrical Resilience Reliable electrical infrastructure is fundamental to hospital operations, supporting life-support equipment, intensive care units, operating theatres and diagnostic services. The emphasis should be on resilience rather than simply increasing capacity. Existing hospitals should strengthen their UPS systems, emergency generators, power distribution networks and critical electrical infrastructure to ensure continuity during outages. Flexible electrical layouts, combined with Building Management Systems (BMS) and digital power monitoring, enable wards to be rapidly converted into higher-acuity spaces while supporting proactive maintenance and fault detection. HVAC Systems and Airborne Infection Control The pandemic established ventilation as a critical component of infection prevention. Modern healthcare HVAC systems should prioritise high indoor air quality, pressure control and operational flexibility through dedicated air-handling units, HEPA filtration where required, negative-pressure isolation rooms, independent exhaust systems and continuous pressure monitoring. Well-designed treated fresh air systems dilute airborne contaminants, while effective humidity control supports both patient comfort and infection prevention. Together, these measures create safer healthcare environments and strengthen hospitals' preparedness for future infectious disease outbreaks. Oxygen and Medical Gas Systems With hospitals experiencing unprecedented oxygen demand during peak COVID-19 admissions, many facilities struggled with existing storage capacity, distribution networks and pipeline pressures. Hospitals should therefore focus on strengthening oxygen resilience through increased storage capacity, redundant supply systems, expanded pipeline networks and continuous monitoring. Medical gas systems should also be designed with sufficient flexibility to support the rapid conversion of general wards into intensive care units during future emergencies. Plumbing and Public Health Engineering Public Health Engineering (PHE) systems are fundamental to infection prevention and hospital resilience. Safe water supply, wastewater management, drainage and firefighting infrastructure must continue to operate reliably during periods of increased clinical demand. Hospitals should prioritise touch-free plumbing fixtures, improved water quality management, robust drainage systems and wastewater treatment that complies with current environmental and public health regulations. Modifications should be carefully integrated with existing infrastructure to minimise disruption while enhancing operational reliability. Smarter and more sustainable Digital technologies are transforming hospital operations by enabling real-time monitoring and proactive management of critical infrastructure. Building Management Systems (BMS), energy management platforms and smart sensors provide continuous oversight of electrical systems, HVAC performance, indoor air quality, pressure differentials and medical gas networks. Predictive maintenance, automated alarms and remote monitoring improve operational efficiency, reduce downtime and enable facilities teams to respond rapidly during emergencies. At the same time, sustainability has increasingly become a complementary objective for hospitals – modern hospital upgrades should incorporate energy-efficient HVAC systems, LED lighting, renewable energy where feasible, water conservation measures and heat recovery technologies. These interventions reduce operational costs, lower carbon emissions and strengthen the long-term resilience of healthcare facilities without compromising patient safety or clinical performance. Looking ahead Healthcare facilities must be primed to handle not only everyday operations but also exceptional events. Upgrading existing hospitals through an integrated MEPF strategy that combines resilient electrical systems, advanced ventilation, robust medical gas infrastructure, effective public health engineering, digital building management and sustainable design, will create healthcare environments that are safer, more adaptable and better prepared for future public health emergencies.   Firoj Jena, CEO of Clancy Global (Mumbai) ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28213/everything-you-should-know-before-choosing-a-professional-skin-whitening-treatment.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28213/everything-you-should-know-before-choosing-a-professional-skin-whitening-treatment.html Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0530 This piece breaks down what "brightening" treatments clinically address, what the regulatory landscape actually requires, and what the evidence supports for each option. What "Skin whitening treatment" Actually Treats In clinical practice, almost no patient walks in asking to treat melasma by name. Most describe dark patches, uneven tone, or a complexion that looks tired. Consequently, the first task in any consultation is translating that description into an actual diagnosis. Melasma and Hormonal Pigmentation Melasma shows up as symmetrical brown patches, usually across the cheeks and forehead, and is strongly linked to hormonal shifts from pregnancy, contraceptives, or thyroid conditions. It responds to treatment, but it also relapses easily, particularly with sun exposure. This makes it one of the more frustrating conditions to manage long-term, for patient and clinician alike. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation This is the dark mark left behind after acne, an injury, or even an aggressive facial. It is not a pigment disorder on its own; it is the skin's healing response overproducing melanin. However, it usually fades faster than melasma with the right topical regimen. Sun-Induced Pigmentation and Photoaging Years of unprotected sun exposure show up as flat brown patches, typically across the cheekbones and forehead. Consequently, sunscreen is not a footnote in any brightening treatment plan. It is the precondition for the other steps to work at all. The Regulatory Reality Behind Over-the-Counter Products Why Hydroquinone Requires a Prescription in India Hydroquinone was the standard lightening ingredient in over-the-counter creams in India until 2019. That year, CDSCO moved it under Schedule H of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, meaning it can no longer be sold without a doctor's prescription. The change followed documented cases of ochronosis, a condition where hydroquinone paradoxically darkens and thickens the skin with prolonged, unsupervised use. The Mercury Problem Regulators Are Still Fighting Mercury-based skin lightening products remain a global public health concern, and the World Health Organization has flagged them as a source of serious kidney and neurological damage. The US FDA's own updated consumer guidance still warns against over-the-counter products containing mercury or unapproved hydroquinone. For a clinic or patient, the practical takeaway is the same: any product promising fast whitening results without a prescription or clinical supervision is worth being suspicious of. As this publication has covered, India's dermatology segment has grown quickly since the pandemic. Regulatory clarity around pigmentation treatments has had to catch up to that growth rather than lead it. Clinical Treatment Options and What the Evidence Supports Topical Prescription Agents Beyond hydroquinone, dermatologists commonly prescribe azelaic acid, tranexamic acid, and combination formulations for pigmentation. These require an accurate diagnosis first, since treating melasma and post-inflammatory pigmentation with the same cream rarely works well. Chemical Peels and Laser Toning Chemical peels, Q-switched, and PICO laser toning all work through controlled removal or breakdown of excess pigment. They are effective for sun-induced pigmentation and some forms of melasma, though melasma in particular can rebound if triggered by sun exposure or hormonal changes. Neither is a one-time fix; both need maintenance sessions to hold results. Glutathione: What the Evidence Actually Shows Glutathione, taken orally or by injection, remains one of the most requested brightening treatments we see in the clinic. It is not currently an FDA-approved indication for skin lightening, and the quality of large-scale trial evidence behind it is thinner than most patients assume. In practice, we present it as one option among several rather than a guaranteed result, and we are candid with patients about where the evidence is still developing. What This Means for Choosing a Clinic A treatment plan that starts with a diagnosis, not a product name, is the clearest sign of a properly run practice. This holds as much for Bangalore's aesthetic market as anywhere else in India, where the best skin care clinic in Bangalore is typically the one asking more questions before recommending anything. We have laid out our own clinical approach to these treatments in more detail here, including how we sequence topical, peel, and laser options across different pigmentation types. In our own consultations, the pattern is consistent: patients arrive having self-diagnosed as needing "whitening" and leave with a plan built around melasma, post-inflammatory pigmentation, or sun damage instead. That reframing, more than any single product, is usually what determines whether the results actually hold. Key Takeaways Skin Whitening Treatment almost always means treating a specific, diagnosable form of pigmentation, not altering a person's baseline skin tone. The regulatory tightening around hydroquinone and the continued global concern over mercury both point in the same direction: supervised, diagnosis-led treatment outperforms self-directed product use. Whether you're consulting the best skin care clinic in Bangalore or another qualified provider, the quality varies meaningfully by treatment. It is worth asking any clinic to explain the evidence behind its recommendations rather than promising uniform results.   For those of us in this industry: Has patient demand in your own practice shifted from complexion-focused requests toward more specific pigmentation diagnoses, or is that reframing still a work in progress in your market? ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28123/drug-names-a-matter-of-trademarks-or-patient-trust.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28123/drug-names-a-matter-of-trademarks-or-patient-trust.html Tue, 14 Jul 2026 19:28:39 +0530 A case study by the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad highlighted how the advertisement of a mother caring for her sick child by applying Vicks turned the brand into a cultural icon of caregiving. This is how medicine names acquire trust and reliance over time. In this backdrop, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation's (CDSCO) circular proposing to regulate the use of similar brand names for medicines containing different active pharmaceutical ingredients and serving distinct therapeutic purposes warrants attention. It recognises that confusion between medicines cannot be treated merely as an intellectual property dispute. It is equally a question of patient safety. However, as the regulator tightens pharmaceutical nomenclature, it also needs to decide if it will employ trademark law principles to adjudge similarity, or it needs to develop additional framework rooted in medication safety?   Formula of Medicines Nomenclature Pharmaceutical manufacturers name brands through a painstaking process. They hire linguists, lawyers and market researchers who test the pronunciation, trademark registrability, and memorability of numerous proposed names. The objective is to generate brand recognition and patient trust. Many a times drug names differ by a syllable, prefix or suffix despite serving different therapeutic purposes. These are called look-alike and sound-alike (LASA) drug names. Their similarity can confuse not only patients, but also trained doctors and pharmacists who work under severe time pressures.   Prescribing the Problem The risks posed by LASA drug names are magnified by the realities of India's healthcare system. A Comptroller and Auditor General report on government hospitals in Uttar Pradesh found that outpatient consultations commonly lasted for two minutes. Doctors often write hurried prescriptions and have little time to explain the medicines to patients. Pharmacists operate under similar pressures. Another CAG audit of Delhi hospitals found that each pharmacist routinely attended to over 200 patients, while deciphering illegible prescriptions and managing staff shortages. Patients increasingly navigate healthcare by themselves. A recent survey found that 8 out of 10 patients in Delhi NCR searched online after consulting a doctor because they remained unclear about their medicines. Many depend on remembered brand names and self-medication. This convoluted ecosystem demands regulation before harm occurs.   Reactive Trademark Law Confusing pharmaceutical names are traditionally regulated through trademark law. Sections 9(2)(a) and 11 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 prohibit the registration of marks that are likely to cause confusion or are deceptively similar to an earlier trademark. In Cadila Health Care Ltd. v. Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., where the similarity between the marks of two drugs was being disputed, The Supreme Court observed that medicines are a different class of goods. This is because confusing one medicine for another may result in therapeutic failure. Accordingly, the Court held that instead of focusing only on visual or phonetic similarity, courts must also consider the nature of the medicines, their therapeutic use, the class of purchasers, and the mode of purchase. Trademark litigation however cannot be a one-stop for drug regulation, as litigation is inherently reactive, and it is initiated by private manufacturers to secure their good will and commercial interests. Preventing errors resulting from LASA drug names requires a regulatory intervention before a proprietary name is introduced into clinical practice.   Sluggish Regulation As per section 17B of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, a drug that has a name similar to another drug and is likely to confuse, is considered a spurious drug. Although the provision partially captures the problem of resemblance and confusion. It does not prescribe the standards for adjudging similarity. Relying on it, the Court in Cadila suggested that regulators could require applicants to check for likelihood of confusion before proposing names. Eventually, it directed the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to develop a framework to curb the menace of LASA drugs. The Delhi High Court in Curewell Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. v. Ridley Life Science Pvt. Ltd. Echoed this sentiment. Thereafter, the 59th report of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare also reemphasised the judicial directives. After a long vacuum, the MoHFW introduced the Drugs and Cosmetics Amendment Rules, 2019 requiring companies to self-certify that their proposed names are unlikely to cause confusion, and to upload the proposed names on the database hosted by CDSCO’s SUGAM portal. But this reform papered over. A survey of 137 postgraduate residents at a tertiary hospital showed that 39% of medical errors continued to be a result of LASA drug names. While the SUGAM database was made publicly searchable only in 2024, after the Drugs Consultative Committee reiterated the suggestion. Even now this portal only enables browsing across existing drug names, it does not offer any standards for determining similarity. Courts and regulators have recognised that LASA drug names need to be curbed in unison. But no one has clarified the methodology for doing so.   Call for Proactive Regulation International experience demonstrates that LASA assessments require structured methodologies. The United States Food and Drug Administration evaluates proposed proprietary names through phonetic and orthographic analysis, wherein it is determined if two drug names sound or appear similar when they are spoken or written. It also conducts simulated prescribing and dispensing tests, to see if healthcare professionals are likely to confuse the names while reading handwritten prescriptions or selecting medicines from a pharmacy shelf. Similarly, health Canada focuses on factors like visual and sound similarity and the clinical context of prescription and dispensation. CDSCO must adapt these international methodologies to India’s multilingual prescribing environment. A predictable set of standards need to define how similar is too similar, in what all conditions should a name sound and appear to be similar, to which stakeholders should it seem similar. This would provide greater certainty to manufacturers and assist doctors and pharmacists in identifying potential risks. A medicine name is not merely a commercial identity, but a constituent element of the patient safety architecture. Hence, its regulation cannot be ex-post. While the CDSCO collects inputs from the industry, a significant regulatory decision awaits it- whether LASA drug names should be regulated through trademark or patient safety principles or both. The answer is not easy, but it nevertheless has to be excavated.   Anchal Bhatheja, a Delhi-based lawyer, currently pursuing LLM at Harvard Law School ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28074/how-international-exposure-and-collaborations-are-reshaping-pharmacy-education-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28074/how-international-exposure-and-collaborations-are-reshaping-pharmacy-education-in-india.html Mon, 06 Jul 2026 10:16:27 +0530 A pharmacist's role has evolved substantially in the last few decades. It extends far beyond the conventional image of dispensing medicines, and has incorporated many more responsibilities. Pharmacists have emerged as integral members of multi-functional healthcare teams, with contributions to drug discovery, clinical research, regulatory science, pharmacovigilance, and public health. Healthcare is becoming increasingly interconnected, and thus, preparing pharmacists to address global challenges requires an education that reaches beyond borders. The pharmaceutical industry mandates a global outlook. Medicines developed in one country may be manufactured in another, assessed through multinational clinical trials, and regulated under international standards, before reaching patients worldwide. Pharmacy graduates, therefore, must be equipped not only with the technical know-how, but also with a comprehensive understanding of global healthcare systems, continuously evolving regulatory frameworks, and collaborative research practices. The advent of AI necessitates students to be well-versed in digital technologies. International exposure empowers students to hone their skills in these varied domains, while acquiring the confidence to work across borders. Globally, leading pharmacy schools are calling for international collaborations through student exchange programmes, joint research initiatives, and collaborative publications. These partnerships consolidate conceptual understanding among students by encouraging them to think of multiple approaches to the pharmaceutical sciences, clinical practice, innovation, and healthcare delivery. Moreover, students become capable of deriving knowledge from various disciplines, including biotechnology, biomedical engineering, and data science, to solve prevailing challenges in healthcare. India, having cemented its position as the ‘Pharmacy of the World’, is at the forefront of contributing to this ecosystem. Our nation possesses one of the world's largest pharmaceutical industries, a competent workforce, and an ever-expanding research landscape, driven by pioneering initiatives in domains such as biologics and novel medical devices. Recent reforms introduced by the Pharmacy Council of India under the National Education Policy 2020 framework are a significant step forward towards progress. These reforms incorporate artificial intelligence, machine learning, digital health, innovation, and entrepreneurship into the existing curriculum, thus preparing graduates for a dynamic healthcare landscape and enhancing their global competitiveness. For international collaborations to be meaningful, they must go beyond formal agreements. Sustained academic collaboration is the need of the hour. Student exchanges, collaborative research, knowledge-sharing initiatives, and interactions with global experts provide valuable opportunities to broaden perspectives, encourage innovation, and strengthen academic excellence. Such initiatives foster the exchange of ideas across borders, enabling learners to develop a deeper understanding of healthcare systems and pharmaceutical sciences from a global perspective. Such collaborations are in tandem with initiatives that are being taken by global organisations. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), the worldwide body that represents pharmacy practice, education, and science, is actively involved in measures to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance. It coordinates its work through an AMR Commission and the 2025 Copenhagen Declaration, signed by 82 member organisations to strengthen international partnerships and antimicrobial stewardship. FIP has also worked to rectify gender-based imbalances in healthcare through FIPWiSE, its initiative supporting women in science and pharmacy education. An international perspective and the exchange of ideas across the world have the potential to empower pharmacists to better understand the ground realities of India's healthcare systems. Affordability and accessibility remain key issues in India's healthcare landscape. Such global partnerships signal wide-reaching policy changes, which will positively impact patients and healthcare providers alike in the decades to come.   Dr Supriya Shidhaye, Principal, Vivekanand Education Society, College of Pharmacy ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28004/india-is-building-world-class-hospitals-who-is-training-people-to-run-them.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/28004/india-is-building-world-class-hospitals-who-is-training-people-to-run-them.html Mon, 22 Jun 2026 19:50:23 +0530 In my 40 years of professional journey, I have seen the remarkable growth in the hospital sector and paradigm shift in the last five decades, starting from doctor-led nursing homes to charitable hospitals to professionally managed and now in the present context, investor-backed, technology-heavy, and multi-location healthcare enterprises. This is indeed a remarkable journey by all means. Consumerism in healthcare has increased, thanks to Google for generating awareness, and now AI tools like Cloude, ChatGPT and Gemini and others are educating them a lot, and this journey is not to end here, as Indian being a big and attractive market, we have a lot of FII/FPI participation in major visible hospital chains like Apollo, Max Healthcare, Narayana, Aster DM. In shaping the hospital industry, Private Equity funding has played a pivotal role. In the growth of the hospital industry, the role and support of the Pharma Industry also cannot be undermined, be it Clinical practice and treatment protocols or clinical trials, knowledge diffusion or Hospital pharmacy.   The ratio 1:811that makes us feel good about the problem actually, we haven’t solved: Thanks to our Medical universities ( Govt. and Private both), our Doctor to population ratio has improved: 1:811 (at the aggregate level), but this statistic does not convey anything about the geographical dispersion and concentration, registration vs practice gap and then the distribution by speciality-wise. A district in Bihar or rural Rajasthan could have ratios many multiples worse than 1:811, while the Metros like Delhi/Mumbai might be pulling back the average up. These statistics do not throw any light in context to the operational unpreparedness esp. in the context of a high-tech health system, it does not convey anything about nurses, allied health workers, technicians, or workers, and it conveys nothing about whether those Doctors have the digital, managerial or systems skills! Thus, this ratio 1:811 (a misleading number) conveys to us “how many”, but it does not convey anything about whether they are “equipped” for the system being built. Hence, in my opinion, even if every gap in that ratio is filled, it will be solving our yesterday's problem and not today’s problem, as the workforce India needs today is not just larger but the one that is ready to keep learning even after the degree is over.   Your degree has an expiry date -and most Clinicians don’t know it has already passed In today’s content, one must be continuously in the process of Learnè Unlearnè Relearn. I have rarely seen any “learning ecology” in the organisations which can equip /support the healthcare workers in their productivity or career progression. What I tell a classroom is true – but what happens when an entire institution never relearns is no longer a classroom problem. It is certainly the board-level problem that they inherit without ever being told.   Organisations promote their best clinicians and then abandon them there During my interactions with the various CEO’s/board members, I often ask,” What is the criteria for promotion is your business organisation? Is it tenure or clinical expertise? Across all the levels, I call this systemic leadership capability a “Board level risk”, as here in this transition, particularly, the leadership capability is assumed; it is not developed. The strategic decisions are driven by clinical or technical bias, which is further compounded by weak financial and people decisions esp. at the senior level. Thus, this lack of leadership quality directly impacts governance, compliance and outcomes. Thus, the ritual announcement of the promotion is there, but actually, no transition exists; they are still doing the same job with the added responsibility of a new one, whereas the Management Board yardstick still remains the same; it never changes. The organisational systems have everything to measure, but I fail to understand why they cannot measure this visible systemic gap. This failure has only one exit- and it’s silent. I have seen management agonise over who to promote into the Management.   Task-Shifting: A Strategic Enabler The same institution cannot ask/fail to ask the right question- right now, who is there on the floor doing more than their designation and can still be asked safely to do more? So, this risk compounds further when the board member looks only for the upward solutions -i.e. hiring better leaders, building competent pipelines, while at the same time, there is a second, larger source of capability just one level down, already trained, competent, willing, but largely untapped. This is probably the systemic failure. To overcome this, a better and safer option is “task shifting” in place of “shortage management”, irrespective of the fact that whether a hospital has adequate staffing, having a specialist to do that work that a trained nurse or qualified technician can perform equally well, is certainly a misallocation of the most expensive resource in that organisation. This is proved in various scientific studies, too, such as the landmark IMAPCT Diabetes study. Punjab’s I-TREC model further augments and adds credibility to the task-shifting concept. If task-shifting is carried out in a programmed manner with shared decision making, clear process outcomes, adequate training and competency building, it becomes a strategic enabler. Without these, it becomes a liability.   Rural Posting: Career Death Sentence or Opportunity? In a low-resource setting like India, this task -shifting as a redesign has emerged as a potential strategic enabler, but unfortunately, its value is not evenly distributed, as the problem in rural India starts even one step earlier -retention, as the rural posting is considered a Career Death Sentence. For the last three decades, unfortunately, organisations/governments have mismanaged the rural placements as they have failed to provide proper infrastructure, incentives and desired support, thus making workers feel neglected, isolated, punished and forgotten. In today’s context, the current generation views rural posting as a punishment and not as an opportunity. The career ladder path has not been designed to pass through rural India. The saddest part in this context is that rural postings are considered a transaction and not a relationship.   Three Transformative Decisions: A forward-looking actionable framework Every problem shared above has a common root cause – capability (pl read this as capacity +ability) -and that too at every level -from the board room to the village clinic. The question here is not whether it can be “fixed”, but what “fixing” it actually requires. My forty years of professional experience have helped me to see these gaps from both ends – navigating them as a pharmaceutical professional and later in my academic tenure, teaching the students how to navigate. So, what follows is not theory; rather, this is what I believe needs to change, starting with the three decisions any healthcare institution can make today: Building and then further strengthening the CPD (Continuous Professional Development). The professional development should be continuous and not episodic training. The organisations should not consider this as an expenditure, but rather it should be considered as an investment in the most precious resources of the organisation- human resources (aka work force). Treat this workforce capability as an “infrastructure”. The organisations can plan it tier wise facilities by linking them/aligning them with their workflows. The leadership transition should be a “design process” with full accountability at the Board level. There should be structure on-boarding, mentoring, coaching, and cohort support for clinicians moving into management. Like all other audit processes in the organisation, there should be a “leadership pipeline readiness” process with a proper audit process in place with accountability at the board level. It’s high time to incentivise task-shifting and rural retention. The organisations should not only identify and formalise the scope of work and practices along with the desired /customised training pathways esp. in the context of the frontline, as they need to be strengthened. The most often overlooked, neglected and ignored but very important pathways are Rural Career pathways; it needs to be rebuilt or rechristened in such a way that it offers not only willingness but also a potential source of opportunity for career progression and advancement. And this is precisely the model we are testing as an organisation at HMX (Centre of Health Management Excellence).   Dr Sandeep Narula -Professor and Centre Head, Centre of Health Management Excellence, HMX, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27976/how-cyberknife-is-revolutionising-radiation-oncology.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27976/how-cyberknife-is-revolutionising-radiation-oncology.html Tue, 16 Jun 2026 17:03:18 +0530 Radiation therapy has long been an effective and valuable modality for fighting cancer, but recent advances have taken its benefits to a whole new level. What we are talking about here is CyberKnife - a highly precise and non-invasive robotic radiosurgery system used to treat cancerous and non-cancerous tumours. Unlike in conventional radiation therapy, where radiation is typically delivered over several weeks and may require larger treatment margins to account for patient movement, robotic stereotactic radiation systems are designed to deliver highly precise radiation doses directly to the target area while minimising exposure to surrounding healthy tissues, which can significantly change the treatment journey for many patients. Precision Like Never Before One of the biggest challenges in radiation therapy has always been ensuring that the radiation reaches the tumour accurately, while sparing nearby organs and critical structures. This becomes especially important when treating tumours located close to sensitive areas such as the brain, spine, lungs, liver, pancreas, or prostate. A robotic radiation system uses advanced imaging and real-time tracking to continuously monitor the tumour's position during treatment, and adjusts the radiation beams automatically when the target moves due to breathing or other natural body movements. As a result, treatment can be delivered with exceptional precision, reducing the risk of treatment-related complications. A Non-Invasive Alternative Many cancerous tumours required surgery as the primary treatment approach. However, not every patient is a suitable surgical candidate due to factors such as old age, underlying health conditions, tumour location, or personal preferences. A highly focused stereotactic radiation therapy offers a non-invasive treatment option for selected patients. In most cases, the procedure does not require incisions, anaesthesia, or hospitalisation, and patients can return to their normal activities shortly after treatment. Fewer Treatment Sessions Conventional radiation therapy often involves multiple sessions scheduled over several weeks. While effective, this schedule can be physically and emotionally tiring for patients and caregivers. A robotic stereotactic radiation system, on the other hand, allows oncologists to deliver very high doses of radiation with remarkable accuracy, which means fewer sessions (1 to 5), depending on the type, size, and location of the tumour. Expanding Applications While the robotic radiosurgery system was initially developed for treating certain brain lesions, it is now being used for a wide range of cancers and non-cancerous conditions, including tumours of the lung, liver, pancreas, prostate, spine, and other challenging locations. The technology has also expanded treatment possibilities for patients with recurrent tumours or limited metastatic disease, where precise targeting is essential. In many cases, it can be used in conjunction with surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other cancer treatments as part of a multidisciplinary treatment plan. Improving Quality of Life Beyond tumour control, modern cancer care increasingly focuses on preserving quality of life. By reducing radiation exposure to healthy tissues, advanced stereotactic radiation from a robotic radiosurgery system may help minimise side-effects and support faster recovery compared to traditional approaches. Patients often experience fewer interruptions to their daily routines, and the non-invasive nature of treatment can reduce help anxiety. While outcomes vary depending on the individual diagnosis and treatment plan, the ability to deliver highly targeted therapy is indeed an important step toward more personalised cancer care. The Future of Radiation Oncology As cancer treatment continues to evolve, precision medicine is becoming central to improving outcomes and patient experiences. Robotic stereotactic radiation systems exemplify this shift by combining advanced imaging, artificial intelligence-driven tracking, and highly accurate radiation delivery into a single treatment approach. While not suitable for every patient or every cancer type, their ability to provide precise, non-invasive, and efficient treatment make them one of the most significant recent innovations in radiation oncology.   Dr Munish Gairola, Director, Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC), Delhi ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27951/biotech-trends-driving-innovation-in-diagnostics-and-disease-management-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27951/biotech-trends-driving-innovation-in-diagnostics-and-disease-management-in-india.html Fri, 12 Jun 2026 19:26:23 +0530 With chronic diseases, infectious diseases and the aeging population posing an increasing threat to India, it is becoming ever more important to diagnose correctly and manage diseases efficiently. Biotechnology developments are playing a very important part in this and developing how healthcare will be. The Growing Importance of Biotechnology in Healthcare The discipline of biotechnology uses biological science combined with modern technology to solve the world's needs for health care, agriculture, and industry. Biotechnology has played a critical role in the development of solutions to health care concerns including disease diagnostics and treatments and customized medical care. Supported by government policy, rising private funding and the emergence of a robust ecosystem of research organisations and startups, India is at the fore of advancements in the field of biotechnology research. Now it is expected that the tools and treatment methods in diagnostics can extend to a wide variety of healthcare institutions instead of being restricted to specialised institutions. Biotechnology is driving innovation in the medical sector of India as the health systems mature.   Molecular Diagnostics Is Transforming Disease Detection One of the most significant biotechnology trends in India is the rapid adoption of molecular diagnostics. Traditional diagnostic methods often rely on symptoms and laboratory testing that can take time to deliver results. Molecular diagnostics allows healthcare professionals to detect diseases at the genetic and molecular level with greater accuracy. By employing techniques like Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid testing and other modern methods for advanced biomarkers diagnosis infectious diseases, genetic diseases and many different types of cancers are being diagnosed more rapidly and appropriately. The earlier and more accurate diagnosis allow healthcare workers to start treatment earlier and provides a better result for the patients. In 2025, Bengaluru-based Biopeak launched its first longevity clinic combining molecular diagnostics, advanced imaging, and AI-driven health assessments, while also securing $3.5 million in seed funding to expand its diagnostic platform and clinic network. This reflects growing investor confidence in next-generation diagnostic technologies. Genomics and Personalised Medicine Are Gaining Momentum Genomics is an emerging field in managing diseases in India. Information on the genome of an individual enables a healthcare provider to acquire more understanding on an individual's susceptibility to a certain disease, response to treatments, and likelihood of the treatment outcome. The growing adoption of genomics and advanced diagnostic technologies is also reflected in market trends. As per Consegic Business Intelligence, the global biomarkers market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 10.9% through 2031, driven by increasing demand for early disease detection, personalized medicine, and advanced diagnostic solutions. Personalised medicine takes this genetic information and develops an individual specific therapy based on an individual's unique characteristics, thus moving away from a one-size fits all approach in medicine. It uses an individual's genetic profile to select the therapy more likely to work on them. This new trend of using genomics in disease management is more prevalent than in other areas, such as oncology, where precise drug therapies have been developed to more accurately target cancer. It is predicted that the role of personalised medicine will continue to grow as genomic testing decreases in cost and increases in availability. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy AI is also used in the diagnostic field in integration with biotechnology. It is able to analyse lab results, patient's records and medical images faster than any manual system. In the diagnostic lab, an AI algorithm can recognise trends and anomalies that might hint a disease. This technology assists healthcare workers by providing quicker and more precise findings and lessening the chance for human mistakes. In the prediction and risk assessment field, AI can help healthcare providers recognize any developing health problem earlier and then establish some preventative care programs that will help long-term results. AI-driven diagnostics continue to attract significant investment and commercialization. In 2025, Indian health-tech company Dectrocel raised Rs 4 crore to expand its AI-powered diagnostic solutions for respiratory and hepato-pancreatico-biliary diseases. The company also commercialised DecXpert, one of the few CDSCO-approved AI diagnostic tools currently available for clinical use in India. Advancements in Point-of-Care Diagnostics The accessibility of healthcare is an issue in several parts of India, especially in rural and isolated areas. Point of care diagnostics is reducing the gaps by bringing the testing close to the patient. Point of care diagnostic devices deliver results instantly without specialszed lab equipment. These methods are especially useful for screening and detecting infections, monitoring patients for chronic disease, and assisting in emergency situations. Biotechnology companies are creating innovative test platforms that are cheap, user-friendly and can be adapted to many health care settings. This helps the patients to be able to receive immediate medical diagnoses and recommendations regardless of where they live. Point-of-care diagnostics have received increased industry support through strategic investments. In 2024, Cipla announced an additional investment of up to Rs 26 crore in Achira Labs, a Bengaluru-based company developing microfluidics-based point-of-care diagnostic kits. The investment is expected to accelerate the commercialization of rapid testing solutions designed for decentralized healthcare settings.   Biotechnology Is Strengthening Disease Management Disease management extends beyond diagnosis. Effective healthcare requires continuous monitoring, treatment optimisation, and patient engagement. Biotechnology is supporting these goals through innovative monitoring technologies and advanced therapeutic solutions. Through wearable health devices, connected monitoring systems, and biomarker tests, healthcare providers are better able to monitor the health of their patients. These devices are producing new data which can aid treatment and disease management. For chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory conditions ongoing monitoring enables healthcare team to recognise and address changes in a timely fashion.   Growth of Biopharmaceutical Research Besides all the developments that the biotech sector is doing, India's growing biotechnological sector is enhancing human health by developing advanced biopharmaceutical products. With a variety of new biologics, biosimilars, and targeted therapies being produced, patients suffering with complex conditions will be offered more treatment options. These biopharmaceutical products are crucial in curing diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and rare disease, more so than old fashioned medicines. Compared with previous treatments, these new biologic medicines are more specific, will help to optimize the response rates and patient prognosis, but also reduce adverse effects. In 2025, Biocon launched Liraglutide in the UK market, marking its entry into the fast-growing GLP-1 therapy segment. The company also launched Yesintek in the United States and continued expanding its biosimilar portfolio globally. These developments highlight India's growing capabilities in advanced biologics and biosimilar innovation.   Digital Health Integration Is Accelerating Innovation This convergence of biotechnology and digital health has opened up new frontiers in healthcare delivery. Tools such as electronic health records, telemedicine technologies and data analysis systems have enabled clinicians to make better informed decisions in all aspects of health. Diagnosis data is being used in conjunction with medical histories and other clinical information, providing a complete picture of an individual's health and leading to improved diagnoses and treatment plans. It also facilitates greater interaction between patients and physicians, and an increased efficiency in the management of the disease. Digital health and biotechnology are increasingly converging through AI-enabled healthcare platforms. In 2025, AI-driven clinical research company Pi Health expanded its presence in India by deploying AI technologies to streamline clinical trial management and accelerate drug development processes. Such innovations demonstrate how digital platforms are improving healthcare efficiency while supporting biotechnology research and disease management.   Challenges and Opportunities Ahead Although there are considerable advancements, there are still challenges faced. Adoption of cutting-edge biotechnology solutions might not be uniform across various geographies, and it will be imperative that the healthcare professionals address the cost issues so that technology is within reach of a larger population. Infrastructure, human capital, and the regulatory regime will be critical to the long-term growth sustainability within the biotechnology sector and further development will still depend on sustained R&D for its momentum and future progress. However, India’s sizable patient pool, increasing healthcare needs and burgeoning biotechnology domain do provide considerable scope for growth. Conclusion Overall, biotechnology is revolutionising the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in India. Through advances in molecular diagnostics, genomics, artificial intelligence, point of care tests and development of bio-pharmaceutical drugs, healthcare is becoming increasingly effective, affordable and accessible. The applications of biotechnology in healthcare will continue to grow with emerging technologies, helping to solve current healthcare issues and facilitating the move towards a more personalised and data-driven model of healthcare delivery. Due to investment in the technology, infrastructure and research it is highly likely that in years to come India will become a global force in biotechnology-based solutions.   Aditi Jaiswal is a Content Writer at Consegic Business Intelligence ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27933/medical-significance-of-renaming-pcos-as-pmos.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27933/medical-significance-of-renaming-pcos-as-pmos.html Tue, 09 Jun 2026 22:50:51 +0530 For years, I have seen women walk into clinics carrying the weight of confusion, shame, and misinformation around PCOS. Many come to believe they only have a “period problem.” Others think they cannot have PCOS because their scans did not show ovarian cysts. Some only discover the condition when they struggle with weight gain, acne, infertility, anxiety, or difficulty conceiving. That is exactly why the recent global move to rename PCOS as PMOS (Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome) is medically significant.   Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is now increasingly being referred to as Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS). The change comes after years of discussion among endocrinologists, reproductive health specialists, researchers, and patient advocacy groups worldwide. And honestly, I believe this shift was long overdue.     Why The Name “PCOS” Was Incomplete   One of the biggest misconceptions around PCOS has always been the word “polycystic ovary.” In reality, many women diagnosed with PCOS do not even have ovarian cysts. The condition is much more complex than what the old name suggested.   As doctors, we have known for years that PCOS is not just an ovarian disorder. It affects the entire hormonal and metabolic system of the body.Renaming PCOS as PMOS is more than a cosmetic change in medical terminology. For years, many women misunderstood the condition because the word ‘polycystic ovary’ made them believe it was only related to ovarian cysts or fertility. In reality, this condition affects the entire hormonal and metabolic system of the body.   The term PMOS better reflects what we see clinically today, women struggling not only with irregular periods and ovulation issues, but also insulin resistance, inflammation, weight fluctuations, stress-related hormonal imbalance, anxiety, poor sleep, and long-term metabolic risks. I believe this shift will help create broader awareness that hormonal health is deeply connected to overall wellbeing, not just reproduction. That is why the term PMOS feels more medically accurate.   The new name highlights the three major systems involved:   Polyendocrine- Meaning multiple hormonal systems are affected simultaneously.   Metabolic- Meaning the condition is strongly linked to insulin resistance, weight gain, inflammation, diabetes risk, and metabolic dysfunction.   Ovarian- Because ovulation, menstrual cycles, and fertility are still central aspects of the condition.   In simple words, PMOS acknowledges that this is a full-body hormonal and metabolic disorder, not merely a reproductive issue.   What concerns me deeply is how early these metabolic disturbances are now appearing. A decade ago, we commonly diagnosed PCOS in women in their late twenties or early thirties. Today, many girls in their late teens and early twenties already show symptoms like: Irregular periods, Acne and facial hair growth, Rapid weight gain, Hair thinning, Fatigue and poor sleep, Insulin resistance also anxiety and emotional burnout In my clinical practice, I often tell patients that PMOS is no longer just a fertility diagnosis. It has become a lifestyle-linked metabolic condition.   Modern urban lifestyles are contributing significantly to this rise. Sedentary routines, chronic stress, poor sleep, processed food consumption, excessive screen exposure, and hormonal dysregulation are all playing a role and the numbers reflect this shift.   Several Indian studies estimate that PCOS affects anywhere between 1 in 5 to 1 in 10 women depending on the region and diagnostic criteria used. Research has also shown that Indian women with PCOS are developing metabolic complications much earlier than previously expected.     PMOS Is Not Only About Fertility   One of the biggest problems with the older terminology was that many women only associated PCOS with pregnancy difficulties. But the condition goes far beyond fertility. Women with PMOS may also face increased long-term risks of: Type 2 diabetes, High cholesterol, Fatty liver disease, Hypertension, Sleep disturbances, Anxiety and depression and cardiovascular complications   In fact, studies have shown strong associations between PMOS, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and mental health disorders. This is why I strongly believe women need earlier diagnosis, better education, and more holistic treatment approaches.   One thing that often gets ignored in hormonal health conversations is the emotional burden women silently carry. Women with PMOS frequently struggle with body image issues, weight fluctuations, acne, infertility anxiety, social pressure, and emotional exhaustion. Many feel frustrated because they are blamed for symptoms they cannot fully control. Hormonal imbalance affects emotional wellbeing. And emotional stress further worsens hormonal imbalance. It becomes a cycle. This is why treatment cannot remain limited to medications alone. Women need compassionate, long-term support systems that focus on physical health, emotional wellbeing, sleep quality, stress regulation, nutrition, and metabolic care together.     So What Changes Now?   The diagnostic process remains largely the same. Women may still be evaluated based on menstrual irregularity, androgen excess, ovulation issues, metabolic markers, and ultrasound findings. But what changes is the way we understand the condition.   The term PMOS encourages both doctors and patients to move beyond the narrow idea of “ovarian cysts” and recognise the broader metabolic and endocrine impact of the disorder. And that shift matters. Because when women understand that their symptoms are connected, they stop blaming themselves and start seeking comprehensive care earlier.   If you have irregular periods, unexplained weight changes, acne, facial hair growth, fatigue, sleep disturbances, or difficulty conceiving, please do not ignore these signals. Hormonal health is not superficial. It affects every aspect of wellbeing, from metabolism and fertility to emotional health and long-term disease risk. Most importantly, PMOS is manageable with the right support. Lifestyle changes, proper sleep, regular movement, balanced nutrition, stress regulation, and personalised medical care can make a significant difference when started early.   Women deserve to know that this condition is not their fault and certainly not something they should feel ashamed of. The body is not working against them. It is asking for attention, regulation, and care.     Dr Snehal Kohale, a consultant Fertility Specialist & Gynaecologist  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27913/protecting-indias-healthcare-workers.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27913/protecting-indias-healthcare-workers.html Thu, 04 Jun 2026 22:38:25 +0530 India’s healthcare system serves a vast and diverse population of over 1.4 billion people, making it one of the largest and most complex healthcare ecosystems globally. One of the key focus areas for healthcare institutions has been the occupational safety of healthcare workers (HCWs), as they are the backbone of the healthcare system and are exposed to several occupational hazards, including blood‑borne infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Among the various occupational health hazards, needlestick injuries (NSIs), which can lead to blood‑borne infections, are a major concern in hospital settings. The cost of inaction includes increased treatment costs, workforce loss, and absenteeism. India’s nurse to population ratio of 1.7 per 1,000 is below WHO norms of 3 nurses per 1,000 population underscores the need for a proactive safety culture. We must transition to an integrated safety approach that addresses mechanical, chemical, and systemic risks simultaneously. Scale of the Problem India’s hospital-based studies suggest that NSIs are common (often affecting ~30–60% of healthcare workers (HCWs) annually in facility-level reports) and are significantly underreported, making them a major yet preventable occupational safety concern. In India, it is estimated that around 20,000 NSI incidents occur annually, as reported by the ICMR. NSIs remain one of the most pervasive threats to healthcare workers. Studies indicate that 11.7% of HCWs in a hospital in Lucknow experienced an NSI within one year, while 79.5% of HCWs in Delhi reported experiencing at least one NSI during their careers. Globally, the prevalence of NSIs is approximately 44.5%. Underreporting remains a critical issue, with only 30 – 70% of incidents being reported, leaving a substantial number of cases unaddressed and unmanaged. Device and Transmission Risks In a study conducted at a tertiary care center, needlestick injuries (NSIs) were most commonly associated with blood sample collection (42.86%), making it the leading cause. This was followed by IV cannulation (36.90%), which also contributed significantly. In comparison, surgical procedures accounted for a smaller proportion (13.09%), while needle detachment after use (7.14%) was the least common cause. Overall, the majority of NSIs were linked to routine bedside procedures rather than surgical activities. These injuries carry a risk of transmission of HIV (0.3%), Hepatitis C (1.8%), and Hepatitis B (6–30% in non‑immunised individuals). Despite >95% vaccine protection against HBV, timely intervention remains critical, including adherence to the 72‑hour window for HIV post‑exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The Critical Gap: Adoption of Safety-Engineered Devices Safety-engineered devices are proven to reduce injuries and are globally recommended, yet adoption in India remains inconsistent due to cost and regulatory gaps. The cost of inaction, however, far exceeds upfront investment. Only about 68% of healthcare workers receive post-exposure prophylaxis after reported injuries, as limited awareness, delayed access, stigma, and underreporting persist, while rising cytotoxic exposure amid cancer cases projected to exceed 1.5 million annually underscores the need for safety infrastructure and improved biomedical waste handling. India’s nurse ratio remains below WHO standards and 30 to 50% of trained nurses migrate overseas. Fatigue from long shifts increases injury risk, with 58% of workers feeling unsafe and 63% citing inadequate safety protocols. Prevention Pathways Clinical studies have shown that safety‑engineered devices can prevent up to two‑thirds of needlestick injuries (NSIs), with the greatest benefit seen in IV safety technologies. NSI prevention requires the use of safety‑engineered devices, adherence to safe practices (such as avoiding recapping and ensuring immediate disposal), and the implementation of robust training and reporting systems. It also involves promoting the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), vaccination, and prompt post‑exposure care to reduce injury risk and protect healthcare workers. Strengthening universal Hepatitis B vaccination, ensuring 24/7 access to post‑exposure prophylaxis, and fostering non‑punitive reporting systems are critical to closing existing gaps, as protecting healthcare workers is essential for building a resilient healthcare system in India. Conclusion Strengthening safety measures through proper training, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), adherence to infection control practices, use of safety‑engineered devices, and supportive institutional policies is essential to safeguard healthcare workers and ensure quality patient care. As India’s healthcare system continues to advance, protecting healthcare workers from preventable occupational injuries must remain a commensurate priority. Investing in safety‑engineered devices, implementing evidence‑based practices, and prioritizing worker well‑being are not optional—they are essential for building a sustainable and resilient healthcare system. The use of safety‑engineered devices can also generate cost savings for hospitals while helping achieve healthcare worker safety goals.   Atul Grover, ASSOCHAM Chairman of Medtech Council and Managing Director, BD India ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27900/papp-a-test-in-pregnancy-purpose-results-and-importance.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27900/papp-a-test-in-pregnancy-purpose-results-and-importance.html Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Pregnancy brings a series of routine screenings designed to monitor the health of both mother and baby. Some of these tests are done in the first trimester to spot potential concerns early, when intervention or further investigation can still make a meaningful difference. One such screening looks at a specific protein in the mother's blood that reflects how well the placenta is developing. The Pap-A test, more correctly known as the PAPP-A test, is part of the first-trimester combined screening and offers valuable information about pregnancy progression and certain chromosomal risks. What Is the PAPP-A Test? PAPP-A stands for Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A. It is a protein produced by the placenta during pregnancy, and its level in the mother's blood rises steadily through the first trimester. A simple blood draw measures the amount of PAPP-A circulating, usually between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. The Pap-A test is rarely interpreted on its own. Instead, it forms part of the first-trimester combined screening alongside free beta-hCG levels and a nuchal translucency ultrasound scan, which together estimate the risk of certain chromosomal conditions. When Should You Get a PAAP-A Test? Doctors recommend this test for several reasons: Screening for Chromosomal Conditions Low PAPP-A levels in the first trimester may indicate an increased risk of conditions such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), or Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Assessing Placental Function PAPP-A is produced by the placenta. Lower-than-expected levels may suggest the placenta is not developing optimally, which could affect foetal growth later in pregnancy. Predicting Pregnancy Complications Low PAPP-A has been associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and other adverse outcomes. Identifying this risk early allows closer monitoring. Routine First-Trimester Screening Many obstetricians include PAPP-A as a standard part of antenatal care during the first trimester, especially for pregnancies considered higher risk. How is the Test Done? The PAPP-A test involves a routine blood sample drawn from a vein in the mother's arm. No fasting is required. The blood is processed in a laboratory, and the results are reported as a value measured in mIU/mL, then adjusted for gestational age, maternal weight, ethnicity, smoking status, and other variables. This adjusted figure is called the Multiple of the Median (MoM). The test is usually performed between 11 weeks and 13 weeks plus six days of pregnancy, in combination with the nuchal translucency ultrasound. Understanding the Results PAPP-A results are not interpreted as a simple high or low number, but in the context of the combined screening as: MoM around 1.0: Considered within the expected range. MoM below 0.4: Considered low and may indicate higher risk. MoM above the upper reference range: Less clinically significant in most cases. A low PAPP-A result does not confirm a chromosomal condition or complication. It only suggests that further investigation may be appropriate, such as a non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT), detailed anomaly scan, or, in some cases, chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. What Low and High Levels May Mean Low PAPP-A levels in the first trimester may be linked to: Increased risk of Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, or Patau syndrome Reduced placental function Higher risk of preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension Foetal growth restriction in later pregnancy Preterm birth or stillbirth in rare cases High PAPP-A levels are usually not a cause for concern, though very high values are occasionally noted in multiple pregnancies or larger babies. A doctor will review the result with all other screening parameters before suggesting the next steps. Importance of Combined Screening The strength of the first-trimester combined screening lies in looking at PAPP-A, free beta-hCG, and the nuchal translucency scan together. Each parameter on its own offers limited information, but together they produce a risk estimate with much greater accuracy. This combined approach is the preferred screening method recommended by Indian obstetric guidelines and the Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI). Choosing a Reliable Diagnostic Partner Accurate test results are critical during pregnancy, since they shape decisions about monitoring, additional testing, and overall care planning. Expectant mothers benefit from choosing diagnostic labs such as Lupin Diagnostics that maintain strict quality protocols and offer convenient sample collection. They provide PAPP-A and broader maternal screening tests across India through its National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) accredited labs, with free home sample collection available in major cities. Conclusion The PAPP-A test is a valuable part of early pregnancy screening, offering insight into placental function and the likelihood of certain chromosomal conditions. While abnormal results can be worrying, they are only one piece of a much larger picture and should always be discussed with an obstetrician. Routine first-trimester screening, combined with timely follow-up where needed, helps support a safer pregnancy for both mother and baby. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27897/beyond-antibiotics-how-phage-therapy-is-fighting-the-superbug-crisis.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27897/beyond-antibiotics-how-phage-therapy-is-fighting-the-superbug-crisis.html Tue, 02 Jun 2026 18:25:08 +0530 Every year, drug-resistant bacteria kill over a million people worldwide and the numbers are increasing. Antibiotics, the drugs we have relied on since the 1940s, are becoming increasingly ineffective. The answer, it turns out, has existed for billions of years bacteriophages, viruses that specifically infect and lyse bacterial cells. Scientists are now racing to harness their therapeutic potential, and emerging evidence suggests they could redefine our approach to infectious disease management. The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Why We Need Alternatives The golden age of antibiotic discovery, which once yielded over 40 distinct classes, has stalled. Today, the pipeline faces severe bottlenecks; out of thousands of preclinical molecules, fewer than five typically achieve regulatory approval. This high attrition rate, combined with rapid resistance, makes capital investment commercially unviable for pharmaceutical companies. While development stagnates, the threat accelerates. The evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) pathogens notably the WHO’s high-priority ESKAPE group consistently outpaces new drugs. Left unaddressed, this will precipitate a post-antibiotic era where routine infections become lethal, necessitating an immediate shift toward alternatives like bacteriophage therapy. What Are Bacteriophages? Nature's Original Bacteria Killers Bacteriophages are viruses that target and destroy bacterial cells without affecting mammalian tissue. Unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics, which act as blunt chemical agents causing collateral damage to the host microbiome, phages are highly specific obligate parasites. They bind to precise surface receptors on Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial walls in a conserved receptor-mediated adsorption. Once attached, a lytic phage ejects its genetic material into the host cell, hijacking its metabolic machinery to manufacture viral progeny. Because phages reproduce exponentially at the infection site, they offer a self-limiting dosage; the treatment multiplies where bacteria are present and clears out once the host population is gone. Furthermore, unlike static drugs, phages possess an evolutionary capacity to mutate alongside the host when a bacterium alters its receptors to develop resistance. However, therapy must strictly utilise obligate lytic phages. Temperate phages risk lysogenic conversion, where integrated prophages transfer virulence factors or resistance genes to the host genome. Properly screened lytic phages can degrade biofilms and work synergistically with the immune system to fight pan-drug-resistant infections. How Phage Therapy Works: The Lytic Life  The therapeutic success of bacteriophage treatment relies entirely on the strictly lytic replication cycle, which systematically destroys target bacteria from within. The process begins with phage adsorption, where viral tail structures bind to specific receptors on the bacterial surface. Upon attachment, the tail tube penetrates the cell envelope to eject genomic DNA directly into the host cytoplasm. Once inside, the viral genome hijacks the cell’s framework, forcing the bacterium to stop its own synthesis and manufacture viral structural proteins and new phage genomes instead. To release these newly assembled particles, the virus must break through the durable bacterial cell envelope. This destruction is driven by two main types of phage-encoded proteins: polysaccharide depolymerases and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases (VAPGH). The depolymerases degrade the outer protective capsule and extracellular matrix of biofilms, while the hydrolases directly break down the internal peptidoglycan layer. This coordinated enzymatic attack destabilises the cell wall, inducing osmotic lysis. The bacterium bursts, releasing hundreds of progeny virions into the immediate microenvironment to infect neighboring pathogens. Phages vs Antibiotics: Key Differences  Unlike systemic, broad-spectrum antibiotics that eliminate beneficial gut microbiota alongside pathogens, phages are precise biological entities targeting only the specific bacterial strain causing infection.This live nature completely changes dosing; while chemical drugs break down over time, phages multiply exponentially at the infection site, creating a natural feedback loop that scales up during infection and fades once it clears. Most importantly, if a bacterium alters its surface receptors to escape, phages can naturally mutate alongside it to maintain the attack and evolutionary flexibility a fixed chemical drug simply cannot match. Concluding Remarks and Future Outlook The looming threat of antibiotic resistance is a current medical emergency requiring an immediate expansion of our antimicrobial toolkit. As traditional drug pipelines dry up, bacteriophage therapy stands out as a biologically adaptive strategy, though moving it to standard clinical care brings real-world hurdles. Because wild phages are naturally occurring organisms, they cannot be patented, disrupting the standard pharmaceutical business model and forcing intellectual property to focus on engineering or processing techniques instead. Additionally, regulatory bodies are still establishing frameworks for a treatment that is dynamic and custom-tailored to individuals, though recent trials confirm that safety and treatment outcome remains positive. Despite these complexities, scaling phage therapy offers massive clinical returns, creating specialised biotechnology jobs and serving as a vital line of defense through phage-antibiotic synergy. Sneha Salunke, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27880/india-witnessing-expansion-of-ai-powered-lung-cancer-screening-in-public-hospitals.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27880/india-witnessing-expansion-of-ai-powered-lung-cancer-screening-in-public-hospitals.html Fri, 29 May 2026 19:20:43 +0530 India is making a giant leap forward in revolutionising cancer diagnosis through the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for lung screening in public hospitals. Given that lung cancer is among the most common cancers causing deaths, and it is usually diagnosed at a very late stage, the purpose of this innovation is to detect cancer early and treat it. This innovative technology relies on the power of AI to examine chest X-rays and CT scans. Through machine learning, AI tools are able to scan millions of medical images and spot any slight signs like tiny nodules and unusual tissue formations.  The technical side of such solutions is based on a combination of AI algorithms and deep learning approaches such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that try to replicate human capabilities of analysing visual input data. As a result of constant learning from new samples, these systems become better and better at making distinctions between benign tumors and those that pose potential risks for patients' health. In addition to disease recognition, the introduction of AI in healthcare allows making advances in epidemiological studies and obtaining insights into factors affecting cancer development (including pollution). This means that the collected data might prove useful for policy-makers and allow developing preventive measures for the future. For instance, Goa is the first state in India to implement an AI-enabled lung cancer screening pilot. The government has proposed making AI-assisted screening a standard alongside chest x-rays in all government hospitals, so early detection is available to everyone. The initiative is being implemented under a public-private partnership with AstraZeneca and Qure.ai.  In April 2026, AstraZeneca Pharma India signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of Telangana to introduce AI-enabled lung cancer screening across public healthcare facilities in the state. The collaboration aims to strengthen early detection and improve outcomes for patients in both urban and rural areas. Several hospitals and institutions have also launched independent AI-driven initiatives. SSO Cancer Hospital recently announced the introduction of AI-powered diagnostic systems to improve cancer detection and patient care efficiency; Yashoda Hospital, Hitech City, has collaborated with Qure.ai to establish an AI-enabled Lung Nodule Clinic focused on identifying suspicious nodules earlier and ensuring faster clinical intervention; Kamala Nehru Hospital has partnered with IIT Kanpur to unveil an AI-powered lung cancer screening device designed to support accessible and affordable early detection, especially in resource-constrained healthcare settings. With AI implementation in public health facilities, India is creating a benchmark for the application of new technology to solve the problems of inequality in healthcare.   Somya Jain, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27869/india-2030-what-will-define-leadership-in-global-medical-tourism.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27869/india-2030-what-will-define-leadership-in-global-medical-tourism.html Thu, 28 May 2026 13:08:24 +0530 India’s leadership in global medical value travel by 2030 will not be defined by affordability alone. That advantage helped India earn global attention, but it will not be enough to secure long-term leadership in a far more competitive, better connected, and more demanding healthcare landscape. The next phase will be shaped by three things: how effectively India builds clinical corridors across markets, how well it strengthens cross-border healthcare capacity, and how reliably it delivers continuity of care across the full patient journey. That is where real leadership in medical value travel will now be determined. The scale of the opportunity is already clear. India’s medical tourism market is expected to nearly double from $8.7 billion in 2025 to $16.2 billion by 2030. At the same time, the global Medical Value Travel market is projected to reach nearly $286 billion by 2030, underscoring the scale and intensity of the opportunity ahead. India is not approaching this opportunity from the sidelines. It is already part of the global healthcare conversation. The question now is what kind of leadership it wants to build within it. Leadership Will Depend on Clinical Corridors, Not Just Clinical Reputation India already has strong clinical depth in high-demand specialties such as cardiology, oncology, orthopaedics, fertility treatment, organ transplants, and other complex procedures. Patients from the Middle East, Africa, South Asia, and parts of Europe are increasingly choosing India for exactly these areas of care. But in the next phase of medical value travel, strong hospitals and specialist doctors alone will not define leadership. What will matter more is whether that clinical strength is supported by structured pathways that connect source markets to destination providers more intelligently. This is where clinical corridors become critical. A mature medical value travel ecosystem is no longer built around isolated hospital referrals. It is built around trusted clinical pathways that connect hospitals, consultants, clinicians, ministries, public institutions, and post-treatment pathways into a more reliable system of healthcare access. That is how patient movement becomes scalable, trust becomes institutional rather than transactional, and cross-border care begins to move with more consistency. The Future Will Belong to Consultants Who Can Shape the Patient Journey The role of healthcare consultants is also changing. It is no longer limited to helping patients identify a hospital or coordinate treatment logistics. Today’s international patient expects a far more connected experience, one that includes second opinions, treatment planning, travel coordination, teleconsultation, recovery management, and continuity of care beyond discharge. That is why the next phase of leadership will belong to consultants who can do more than guide patient movement. They will need to help shape the patient journey itself. This includes enabling smoother care pathways, strengthening hospital partnerships, supporting quality alignment, and reducing fragmentation between diagnosis, treatment, recovery, and follow-up. In a sector where trust is everything, continuity is no longer an added layer of service. It is becoming one of the core markers of quality. Cross-Border Capacity Will Define the Next Decade India’s opportunity is also tied to how it contributes to healthcare capacity beyond its own borders. The future of medical value travel will not be built by one country scaling inward while the rest of the ecosystem remains uneven. It will be built through more coordinated healthcare development across regions, particularly in high-growth markets across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In that context, capacity building must be understood not just as infrastructure expansion, but as the strengthening of clinician capability, quality systems, hospital management, specialty programmes, and connected healthcare ecosystems across geographies. This is where consultants will play a wider strategic role. They can help hospitals align with global quality expectations, strengthen clinician training, and build more integrated systems of care. The draft already points to the growing importance of digital health platforms, telemedicine, artificial intelligence in diagnosis, remote monitoring, and global patient management. But these tools matter not simply because they make care more efficient. They matter because they make cross-border care more connected, more responsive, and more scalable. India’s Edge Will Come From a More Connected Care Model India’s healthcare infrastructure is also evolving rapidly to support this demand. The focus on Heal in India, medical visas, regional medical hubs, and AYUSH integration is helping strengthen the country’s positioning as both a treatment and wellness destination. The draft notes that India recorded 9.15 million foreign tourist arrivals in 2025, of which over five lakh visitors travelled specifically for medical treatment, accounting for approximately 5.5 per cent of total foreign tourist arrivals. These are not small signals. They show that India is already operating at a meaningful international scale. But 2030 leadership will not come from volume alone. It will come from integration. It will depend on how well India can bring together clinical excellence, wellness recovery, digital health, consultant-led coordination, and continuity-led patient journeys into one coherent global care model. That is also where India’s distinctiveness lies. The combination of advanced clinical treatment with preventive wellness, rehabilitation, Ayurveda, and yoga gives the country a broader care proposition than many competing destinations can offer. Leadership Will Belong to Ecosystems, Not Isolated Providers By 2030, the real leaders in medical value travel will not simply be those who attract more patients. They will be those who build stronger healthcare ecosystems around those patients. For India, that means moving from a destination-led model to a corridor-led model, from episodic treatment access to end-to-end patient journeys, and from transactional referrals to consultant-driven global healthcare networks. India’s next phase of leadership in medical value travel will be defined not only by clinical excellence, but by how well it can build connected patient journeys across borders. The real differentiator will lie in creating trusted clinical corridors, stronger hospital partnerships, and more coordinated care pathways that make access to quality care more seamless for international patients. In that sense, the future belongs not only to providers, but to ecosystems that can deliver continuity of care across the full patient journey, from treatment planning and travel readiness to recovery and follow-up. That is the shift that will define the next decade, and that is where India’s leadership opportunity truly lies.   Rajeev Taneja, Founder & CEO, GlobalCare Health ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/27855/7-medical-errors-during-labor-that-can-cause-birth-injuries.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/27855/7-medical-errors-during-labor-that-can-cause-birth-injuries.html Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0530 While many births go smoothly, preventable medical errors still occur and can lead to serious injuries for both the baby and the mother. Understanding where things go wrong helps families recognize warning signs and take action when needed. Failure to Monitor Fetal Distress Properly One of the most critical responsibilities during labor is tracking the baby’s heart rate. Abnormal patterns often signal oxygen deprivation, which can lead to brain damage if not addressed quickly. Continuous fetal monitoring should identify signs like prolonged decelerations or irregular rhythms.  If these are missed or ignored, doctors may delay necessary interventions such as oxygen support or emergency delivery. Even a delay of minutes can increase the risk of conditions like hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). You can reach out to the Birth Injury Justice Center if you feel like your child has been a victim of any of these situations.  Delayed Emergency C-Section When complications arise, timing matters. A delayed cesarean section can lead to reduced oxygen supply, physical trauma, or even stillbirth. Hospitals are expected to act within a “decision-to-incision” window, typically around 30 minutes in emergencies. Concrete example: If a baby shows signs of distress for an extended period and the team waits too long to perform a C-section, the resulting oxygen deprivation can cause permanent neurological damage. Misuse of Forceps or Vacuum Extraction Assisted delivery tools can be helpful, but improper use is a known cause of injury. Excessive force or incorrect positioning can result in: Skull fractures Brain bleeding Facial nerve damage Brachial plexus injuries (affecting arm movement) These tools should only be used when medically necessary and by trained professionals. Misjudging the baby’s position or applying repeated force increases the risk significantly. Failure to Manage Shoulder Dystocia Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby’s shoulder gets stuck behind the mother’s pelvic bone. This is an emergency that requires specific maneuvers to safely deliver the baby. If handled incorrectly, it can cause brachial plexus injuries, including Erb’s palsy. A common error is pulling too hard on the baby’s head instead of using proper techniques like repositioning the mother or applying controlled pressure. Training and quick action are critical here. Improper Use of Labor-Inducing Drugs Medications like oxytocin (Pitocin) can help induce or speed up labor, but incorrect dosing can cause overly strong or frequent contractions. This can reduce blood flow and oxygen to the baby. Clear risks include: Uterine rupture Fetal distress Placental abruption Hospitals should carefully monitor contraction patterns and adjust medication accordingly.  Failure to Diagnose Maternal Infections Infections during labor, such as chorioamnionitis, can pass to the baby and cause severe complications, including brain injury or sepsis. Symptoms like fever, rapid heart rate, or abnormal discharge should trigger immediate investigation. If medical staff overlook these signs or delay antibiotics, the infection can escalate quickly. Early diagnosis and treatment are straightforward steps that can prevent serious harm. Poor Communication Between Medical Staff Labor often involves multiple professionals, such as nurses, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists. When communication breaks down, critical information can be missed. For example, if a nurse notices abnormal fetal heart patterns but fails to escalate the issue to the doctor clearly, or a shift change happens without properly handing over patient details.  These gaps can delay decisions and increase risk. Hospitals must follow structured communication protocols, especially during emergencies. When these systems fail, patients suffer the consequences. Endnote Most birth injuries linked to these errors are preventable with proper training, monitoring, and timely decision-making. For families, it’s important to understand that not every complication is unavoidable. If something feels wrong during labor, delays, lack of response, or unclear communication, it may be worth reviewing the case with a medical or legal expert. Clear documentation, medical records, and early evaluation can make a significant difference in understanding what happened and what steps to take next. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/27842/air-pollution-kids-protecting-childrens-lungs-in-cities.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/27842/air-pollution-kids-protecting-childrens-lungs-in-cities.html Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Children are naturally active, curious, and eager to explore the world around them. From playing outdoors to travelling to school every day, fresh air and physical activity are an important part of healthy growth. However, in many Indian cities, increasing pollution levels have made parents more aware of the need to protect their children’s respiratory health and overall well-being. Understanding the air pollution effects on children has become especially important because children’s lungs and immune systems are still developing. Prolonged exposure to dust, smoke, and traffic-related pollutants may contribute to breathing discomfort, allergies, or recurrent respiratory irritation. While occasional coughs or seasonal infections are common during childhood, recognising how poor air quality can affect a child's health helps parents take informed, timely steps to create a healthier everyday environment. Why Are Children More Affected By Air Pollution? Children face a higher risk from air pollution because their bodies are still developing, they are vulnerable, and respond more quickly to environmental changes. Developing lungs react more strongly to harmful particles in polluted air, increasing the risk of irritation and breathing issues. A faster breathing rate leads to a higher intake of polluted air relative to body size. Outdoor play and school activities increase daily exposure to polluted environments. Immature immune systems struggle more to handle respiratory irritants and infections. These factors make children more sensitive to pollution even during normal daily routines. The effects of air pollution on children can include frequent cough, breathing discomfort, wheezing, and increased respiratory infections. Furthermore, reduced stamina, in some cases, can lead to asthma symptoms. What Are Common Air Pollutants In Cities? Urban environments contain several pollutants that often remain invisible but still affect health. Some of them are: Fine particles like PM2.5 and PM10 travel deep into the lungs. Vehicle emissions from heavy traffic and congestion. Dust from construction sites and road work. Smoke from industries and open waste burning. Indoor pollutants from cooking fumes, incense sticks, and poor ventilation. These pollutants combine and increase the risk of respiratory discomfort, especially in children. What Are The Effects Of Air Pollution On Children’s Health? The effects of air pollution on children range from mild irritation to more persistent breathing problems. Since children's lungs are still developing, repeated exposure can affect their respiratory health over time. Frequent coughing and throat irritation that keeps returning. Wheezing or noisy breathing during rest or physical activity. Shortness of breath while playing, running, or climbing stairs. Higher chance of chest infections and seasonal illnesses. Asthma symptoms that may appear or worsen in children who are sensitive. Lower energy levels and reduced stamina over time. If these symptoms continue, parents should seek medical advice at one of the best paediatric hospitals for proper evaluation. What Warning Signs Should Parents Not Ignore? Some symptoms may signal that pollution is affecting a child's breathing more than expected. Persistent cough that lasts for weeks without improvement. Difficulty breathing during normal play or daily activity. Wheezing or chest tightness, especially after exertion or at night. Frequent colds or repeated chest infections. Ongoing tiredness linked with breathing discomfort. Reduced interest in physical activity or play. Parents should take these signs seriously, especially when they appear repeatedly. How Can Children Be Protected From Air Pollution? Parents can reduce the effects of air pollution on children by making small but consistent changes to their daily routines. Limit outdoor activities during high-pollution hours or on days with poor air quality. Use well-fitted masks in crowded or highly polluted areas when needed. Keep windows closed during peak pollution levels to reduce indoor exposure. Encourage indoor games and activities when outdoor air feels unsafe. Plan travel routes that avoid heavy traffic whenever possible. If symptoms persist, visiting the best pediatric hospital helps with early diagnosis and better care planning. Timely medical attention can also help identify the underlying cause and reduce the risk of complications. When Should A Doctor Be Consulted? Parents should consult a doctor if respiratory symptoms continue or begin to affect daily life. Ongoing cough or wheezing that does not improve. Breathing difficulty during normal activity or play. Frequent chest infections or repeated illness. Symptoms that disturb sleep, appetite, or energy levels. Parents should not delay consultation if they notice these signs. Visiting a pediatrician helps in early assessment and appropriate care. Renowned hospitals such as Rainbow Hospitals provide specialised paediatric support for children with respiratory concerns. Doctors carefully evaluate symptoms and guide treatment based on each child's condition with a calm and reassuring approach. Conclusion Air pollution affects children in ways that may not always appear serious at first. Over time, it can impact breathing, energy levels, and overall health. The effects of air pollution on children often begin with mild symptoms such as coughing or discomfort, but they can worsen if exposure continues. Parents should stay alert to early warning signs and reduce exposure whenever possible. Simple changes in daily habits can make a difference. When symptoms persist, timely medical advice becomes important. Visiting the best paediatric hospital helps ensure proper evaluation and care. It also supports better breathing health and recovery for children. Disclaimer This content is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Parents should consult a qualified paediatrician for any concerns related to a child’s health or respiratory symptoms. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27817/the-new-race-in-healthcare-is-about-data-not-just-drugs.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27817/the-new-race-in-healthcare-is-about-data-not-just-drugs.html Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 +0530 There was a close correlation between innovation, laboratories, patents, and blockbusters therapies. That model remains important, but it no longer represents the only driver of the industry. Healthcare organizations are now competing on a non-physical, yet more scalable resource: data infrastructure. The most successful long-term performers are not necessarily the companies rolling out the most products. They are the ones creating systems that can gather cleaner patient data, decipher trends quicker and make decisions sooner. In reality, healthcare is now more of a technology environment than it is a traditional pharmaceutical business. Diagnostics Are Becoming a Strategic Battleground The industry discourse is increasingly about early detection, not late-stage intervention. This is one of the reasons diagnostic firms are gaining more investor and health policy interest. Data-driven screening can make use of patterns that doctors might not notice during standard visits. Predictive models are also assisting hospitals in identifying patients at a greater risk of complications before symptoms intensify. This change is particularly significant in developing healthcare markets with uneven resource distribution. Access to affordable diagnostics can help to ease congestion at crowded hospitals. It also enhances treatment outcomes at an earlier stage of the care cycle. The economic impact is quite pronounced. Early intervention reduces future healthcare expenditures, making evidence-based diagnostics appealing to government and private health systems. Drug Companies Are Becoming Technology Companies Pharmaceutical firms are no longer operating solely as medicine manufacturers. Alongside traditional drug development programs, many are investing in: Analytics platforms AI-assisted research tools Patient-monitoring technologies Clinical trials illustrate this transformation clearly. Older trials relied heavily on centralized physical sites and manually collected reporting processes. Modern trials increasingly use wearable monitoring devices, remote patient participation, and real-time analytics systems. This creates faster feedback loops and larger volumes of usable information. It also changes how companies evaluate treatment effectiveness across different patient populations. The value now lies not only in creating therapies but also in understanding how patients respond outside controlled laboratory environments. Data Is Reshaping Healthcare Beyond Hospitals The influence of medical data now extends into insurance systems, workplace safety investigations, and legal compensation frameworks. Long-term illness tracking, exposure histories, and digital documentation increasingly determine how cases are evaluated and processed. Even industries connected to asbestos settlements depend heavily on reliable healthcare records and historical patient data to establish medical timelines and exposure patterns accurately. This demonstrates how healthcare information has evolved into a broader operational asset rather than a strictly clinical resource. The Next Healthcare Leaders Will Build Connected Systems The next decade of healthcare competition may not be dominated by the companies with the largest drug pipelines alone. Leadership will likely come from organizations capable of combining technology, analytics, diagnostics, and clinical care into unified operational models. That requires investment in: Digital infrastructure Workforce training Cybersecurity Policy coordination More importantly, it will take the effort of the healthcare providers, researchers, regulators, and technology firms to build stronger ecosystems that foster scalable innovation. Endnote  Medicine still drives healthcare forward. But it is no longer just about the products produced; it's about how effectively the institutions shaping the future of the industry manage information. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27798/up-to-30-of-procurement-value-lost-before-impact-new-insights-highlight-gaps-in-healthcare-and-pharma.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27798/up-to-30-of-procurement-value-lost-before-impact-new-insights-highlight-gaps-in-healthcare-and-pharma.html Tue, 12 May 2026 14:51:35 +0530 A growing gap between negotiated savings and realized value is emerging as a critical concern in healthcare and pharmaceutical procurement. According to industry observations 20–30% of contracted value is lost before it reaches the bottom line, indicating a deeper operational inefficiency beyond sourcing. Most procurement leaders in healthcare and pharma know their savings figures, but few can quantify missed savings or explain the reasons. This gap reveals a deep rooted problem in procurement operations. Procurement quality is often mislabeled as a sourcing issue, with the core focus on improving RFPs, negotiations, and vendor selection. Yet top-performing teams routinely lose 20–30% of contracted value before it hits the bottom line. The real issues occur before and after sourcing. By the time procurement receives a requirement, key decisions are often predetermined. Vendors may be informally chosen, specifications may favor certain suppliers, or time schedules may limit competition. This intake issue is alarmingly widespread in healthcare and pharma. Immediate action is needed: procurement must engage earlier in budgeting and planning. Relying on improved forms alone will worsen outcomes. In regulated industries, contracts are often seen as legal endpoints instead of valuable commercial tools. After signing, reviews rarely occur until disputes or renewals force a response, dangerously delaying oversight. Because of this, the value found in contracts, like service levels, rebates, and volume commitments, often goes unrealized. This problem doesn’t stem from poor negotiation; it comes from a lack of active management. While individual tail spend transactions are low in value, their total impact is significant. In many healthcare organizations, tail spend makes up to 20–25% of procurement activity. Uncontrolled tail spend increases supplier fragmentation, obscures visibility and magnifies compliance risks especially in clinical settings where supplier control is important. Procurement data is quite frequently segmented across misaligned systems. As a result, teams receive delayed, reconciled reports that are useful for reporting yet limited for prompt decision-making. In healthcare and pharma, delayed procurement decisions directly threaten operations and patient safety. Relying on outdated data increases risk. Leading organisations are not only improving sourcing but also transforming procurement operations. They engage earlier, manage contracts proactively, and raise visibility throughout the procurement lifecycle. The shift toward strategic procurement has been discussed for years. In healthcare and pharma, it is now essential. Looking ahead, procurement must create value by operating more intelligently and doing so urgently. Success will not come from harder negotiation alone.   Arjit Agarwal, Principal Consultant, Business Consulting, Nexdigm ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27777/harnessing-ai-for-drug-discovery-positioning-indian-pharma-as-global-innovation-powerhouse.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27777/harnessing-ai-for-drug-discovery-positioning-indian-pharma-as-global-innovation-powerhouse.html Fri, 08 May 2026 13:13:47 +0530 India's pharmaceutical sector stands at a defining crossroads. The country supplies 20% of global generic drug demand and ranks as the third-largest exporter by volume. This is a remarkable achievement for a nation that built its pharmaceutical backbone on cost-efficient manufacturing. Yet, volume leadership has not translated into commensurate value: India ranks only 11th globally in export value. That gap tells the real story. To close it, India must move from being the world's pharmacy to becoming the world's pharmaceutical innovator. It demands a structural reset, one that repositions India higher in the global pharmaceutical value chain, from molecule synthesis to drug discovery itself - and artificial intelligence-based ecosystem is the engine that can drive that transition. From Volume to Value: The Agentic AI Ecosystem Dividend The economics of drug development have long been daunting. Traditional pipelines span 10 to15 years and consume enormous R&D budgets, with much of that time and money lost to sequential, siloed workflows. AI and automation are already beginning to compress those timelines to 9 to 13 years, while R&D-to-launch costs have declined from the 20–30% range to 15–25% as AI frees research teams from routine analytical tasks. The deeper transformation, however, is architectural and systemic. AI enables a shift from linear handoffs where discovery, chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC), and clinical workstreams pass the baton one at a time  to integrated platforms.  These disciplines can run in a hub and spoke model based on self-organizing agentic architectures. Teams can self-organize in a dynamic manner around specific business and scientific goals, e.g., novel targets and molecules, new market launch, regulatory approvals, etc. There is a need for building a collaborative ecosystem where multiple pharma companies contribute based on pre-determined incentive structures to minimize risk for the individual organization and improve the chances of success at the systemic or national level. The ability to develop and share AI-based assets such as Small Language Models (SLMs), Knowledge Graph (KGs), Agentic Skills and Agents in a collaborative architecture is key to the success of this effort. Precision Assets for Drug Discovery: SLMs, KGs, Agentic Skills and Agents For the specific, high-stakes demands of drug discovery, Small Language Models (SLMs) combined with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) represent a far more precise and practical toolkit. SLMs are trained on curated, drug-discovery specific datasets making them better calibrated for scientific and clinical contexts. Knowledge Graphs complement SLMs by providing structured, query-able representations of biological and chemical relationships. They can be bootstrapped from publicly available ontologies and taxonomies, then iteratively enriched with proprietary institutional data. When SLMs reason over KGs, the combination delivers explainable outputs grounded in enterprise-specific knowledge — dramatically reducing the hallucinations that make general-purpose AI unsuitable for regulated scientific environments. The ability to encapsulate common drug discovery related tasks and capabilities into agentic skills and agents enable the ability for multiple pharma organizations to collaborate with each other by leveraging an agentic architecture. This will enable the Indian pharma ecosystem to come together to collaborate and share assets with each other to de-risk and increase the chances of success. The CQuRATE Framework: Six Pillars for Global Leadership Technology alone does not build global leadership. India's path to becoming a biopharmaceutical powerhouse requires coordinated action across six strategic pillars, captured in the CQuRATE framework. Collaborative Ecosystem is critical to for Indian pharma to assume risk and make progress in becoming the drug discovery destination. An agent-based collaborative ecosystem will enable creation of cross-organizational dynamic teams – leading to risk reduction and increasing the chances of success. Quality remains the foundation. India has made measurable progress — the share of US-FDA inspections resulting in Official Action Indicated (OAI) findings fell from 19% in 2013 to 9% in 2023. Closing the remaining gap with the global average of 4% will require AI-assisted quality management systems that catch deviations before they become violations. Regulation is the next frontier. AI can significantly accelerate regulatory authoring, helping Indian companies reduce submission timelines and navigate complex multi-market requirements with greater consistency. Access must remain central to India's pharma identity. Innovations that are affordable, scalable, and patient-centric are not only a moral imperative — they are a competitive differentiator in high-growth emerging markets. Talent is perhaps India's most under appreciated asset in this context. With over 2.5 million STEM graduates annually, the country has the raw human capital to lead AI-driven R&D. The priority now is directing that talent pipeline toward pharmaceutical science and AI applications. Entrepreneurial Innovation must be institutionalised through sustained policy support. Schemes like Biopharma Shakti, with a Rs 10,000 crore outlay, and the Production-linked Research and Innovation Program (PRIP) signal the right intent. The Moment to Act The ultimate value of SLM, KGs, Agentic Skills and Agents does not lie in replacing scientific and clinical judgment. It lies in augmenting it by improving workflow efficiency, safety adherence and the cross-pollination of ideas across research disciplines and  organizations. For India, the technology is ready. The talent is available. The policy architecture is forming. What remains is the will to move beyond experimentation to cross-organisational collaboration and industrial-scale AI deployment and in doing so, claim a far larger share of the global pharmaceutical value pie.   Vipul Kashyap, Advisor, Indian AI Research Organization (IAIRO) and CEO MedHive.AI and Dr Amit Sheth, Founding Director, IAIRO ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/27762/how-glass-weight-operated-pressure-relief-valves-protect-corrosive-chemical-processes.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/27762/how-glass-weight-operated-pressure-relief-valves-protect-corrosive-chemical-processes.html Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Maintaining safe pressure levels is critical to protecting equipment, ensuring worker safety, and maintaining process continuity. A glass weight-operated pressure relief valve plays an essential role in safeguarding glass process systems by providing reliable and controlled pressure release. In corrosive environments where metal components may fail, industrial glass control valves offer a dependable and chemically resistant solution. The Pressure Challenges of Corrosive Processing Environments Chemical reactions, solvent recovery, distillation, and evaporation processes naturally generate pressure. If not managed properly, pressure buildup can compromise equipment and disrupt operations. Common risks include: Sudden equipment failure Leakage or contamination Process instability Increased downtime and maintenance Corrosive chemicals further increase these risks by gradually degrading metal components. This creates a strong need for pressure control devices that can withstand aggressive chemical exposure without compromising performance. What Makes Weight-Operated Relief Valves Different A glass weight-operated pressure relief valve releases excess pressure using a simple and dependable mechanical design. Instead of springs or complex internal components, calibrated weights determine the opening pressure, ensuring predictable and stable operation. This approach reduces the risk of mechanical failure and supports consistent performance in corrosive environments. When system pressure rises above the preset limit, the valve lifts automatically to release pressure and reseals once safe conditions return, maintaining continuous and reliable process protection. Why Glass Construction Is Critical for Corrosive Media Material compatibility is a key factor in chemical process safety. Glass offers properties that make it highly suitable for aggressive chemical environments. Chemical Stability: Borosilicate and quartz glass resist most acids, solvents, and reactive compounds. Process Purity: Non-reactive surfaces help maintain contamination-free processing. Thermal Resistance: Glass tolerates high temperatures and thermal cycling. Operational Visibility: Transparent construction allows real-time monitoring of system behaviour. These characteristics make industrial glass control valves ideal for demanding laboratory and industrial applications. Built-In Safety for Glass Reactors and Process Systems Pressure relief valves are essential components within glass reactors and processing assemblies. Their role extends beyond safety to overall system reliability. They help to: Prevent overpressure damage Protect glass reactors and vessels Maintain process stability Support safe, continuous operation Such as integrated glass reactors and distillation assemblies, pressure protection devices are key elements in complete glass process systems manufactured by providers like Goel Scientific Glass Works Ltd. Reliable Performance with Minimal Maintenance Weight-operated relief valves offer practical advantages compared to spring-loaded alternatives. Fewer moving parts reduce wear and mechanical fatigue. Simple design improves long-term reliability. Reduced maintenance lowers operational costs. Consistent pressure response ensures predictable system behaviour. These benefits are especially valuable in facilities operating continuously under demanding conditions. Where These Valves Are Commonly Used Glass pressure relief valves are used across industries that require corrosion resistance and high-purity processing. Chemical Manufacturing: Used in reactors, distillation systems, and evaporation units. Pharmaceutical Production: Supports sterile and contamination-free processes. Pilot Plants and R&D Facilities: Provide safe pressure control during experimental operations. Speciality Chemical Production: Ensures safe handling of aggressive chemicals. To support such applications, manufacturers such as Goel Scientific Glass Works Ltd. develop custom glass process equipment designed for specialised industrial needs. Integration Within Custom Glass Process Assemblies Modern facilities often require complete glass systems rather than standalone components. Pressure relief valves are designed to integrate seamlessly into: Glass reactors Distillation columns Evaporation systems Chemical processing assemblies Integrated solutions from Goel Scientific Glass Works Ltd., such as customised glass process systems and industrial technical packages, help maintain safe operating conditions in complex workflows. Importance of Custom Engineering for Pressure Control Standard components may not always meet specialised process requirements. Custom fabrication ensures compatibility with: Specific pressure ranges Unique system configurations Specialised chemical processes High-temperature operations Custom engineering allows laboratories and industrial facilities to achieve reliable and efficient pressure management. Supporting Long-Term Process Safety and Efficiency Effective pressure control plays a key role in maintaining safe and efficient plant operations over the long term. By managing excess pressure in a controlled manner, facilities can reduce the risk of equipment damage, limit unplanned downtime, and maintain stable processing conditions. This also supports safer working environments and more consistent production performance. Glass weight-operated pressure relief valves help laboratories and industrial facilities achieve dependable, corrosion-resistant pressure protection across demanding applications. Conclusion A glass-weight-operated pressure relief valve plays a vital role in protecting corrosive chemical processes. By offering dependable pressure control, chemical resistance, and simplified maintenance, these valves help ensure safe and consistent operations. Selecting high-quality industrial glass control valves and custom-engineered glass process equipment supports long-term efficiency, reliability, and safety across demanding laboratory and industrial applications.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27719/how-digital-dentistry-and-radiology-are-transforming-oral-healthcare.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27719/how-digital-dentistry-and-radiology-are-transforming-oral-healthcare.html Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Oral health care is undergoing a remarkable transformation, fueled by the rapid integration of advanced technologies. At the forefront of this evolution is digital dentistry, which refers to the use of digital tools and techniques in modern dental practice. This shift is redefining how dental care is delivered, making processes more streamlined and precise. From early diagnostics to detailed treatment planning and improved patient care, technology-driven dentistry is setting new standards in efficiency, accuracy, and overall patient. For over a century, dentistry relied heavily on manual techniques and analogue tools. Traditional practices involved physical impressions, conventional X-rays, and hand-operated instruments. While effective for their time, these methods were often associated with discomfort, inconvenience, and occasional inaccuracies. Procedures such as crowns and bridges were particularly time-consuming, frequently requiring multiple appointments to complete. However, the advent of the intraoral scanner, digital radiography, CAD/CAM, 3D printers have revolutionized the field of dentistry as we know it today. In the realm of radiology, digital radiography has considerably reduced patient exposure in image generation time for 2D imaging. Conventional procedures like developing, fixing which are time consuming are avoided and images are seen in seconds. This accelerates decision making and treatment planning. With evolution of 3D imaging in form of CBCT i.e cone beam computed tomography, digital dentistry reached new horizons. 3D imaging of the structures was possible. It enabled accurate planning with more predictable treatment outcomes. CBCT brings specific and unique diagnostic benefits in orthodontics, endodontics, oral surgery fields. Fabrication of virtual models with the use of CBCT and intraoral scanning is possible to help clinicians plan the surgery beforehand. Traditionally with the help of IOPAs it was difficult to identify crack lines or fractures in the tooth but now with the advent of CBCT, even minor cracks can be identified easily with a quick scan which ultimately gives us the prognosis of the tooth, thereby reducing frequent patient visits and follow ups. Teleradiology has opened up unprecedented possibilities for accurate and timely diagnosis. High quality radiographic images using 3D technologies like CBCT images can now be transmitted an interpreted remotely which accelerates the diagnostic process ad helps clinician to make their treatment plans. CBCT plays a pivotal role in giving clinicians the precise and detailed images of the teeth and surrounding tissues as it gives sub-millimeter resolution. One of the most significant advantages of digital dentistry is the high level of accuracy it offers. It has enhanced patient experience by eliminating the need for messy impressions, offering a quicker, cleaner, and more comfortable experience for patients. 3D printing has taken implantology to new heights with the introduction of surgical guides. The accuracy of the surgical guides has led to less implant failures and increased its’ longevity. Flapless Guided surgery with the help of CBCT superimposition offer advantages like no cuts, no sutures, reduced intraoperative bleeding and reduced postoperative trauma due to the precision of implant placement and shorter surgical time increasing patient comfort.                    Dr Vinayak Shirsekar, Director, Fredna Dental Systems  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27678/decoding-your-dna-a-beginners-guide-to-genetic-testing.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27678/decoding-your-dna-a-beginners-guide-to-genetic-testing.html Sat, 18 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Genetic testing is a way of reading parts of your DNA, the unique biological code that makes you who you are. This code influences not only visible traits like height or eye color but also how your body functions internally, like how you process food, respond to medication, or even your likelihood of developing certain health conditions. Think of your DNA as a blueprint. It doesn’t dictate your entire future, but it provides important clues. Genetic testing helps interpret those clues, turning complex data into insights that can support better health decisions. Today, advanced genetic testing has evolved significantly. Some of the most comprehensive approaches combine whole-exome sequencing with SNP microarray technology to analyze over 194,515 genetic variants associated with more than 14,155 diseases and conditions. Unlike basic SNP panels, this allows for deeper analysis of the coding regions of DNA, where actual biological function is determined, ensuring that insights are not just broad indicators, but clinically relevant and aligned with global standards such as ACMG, CPIC, and PharmGKB.   Why Are People Turning to It Now? There was a time when genetic testing was limited to specialised medical cases. Today, it is becoming part of a broader conversation around preventive healthcare. Many of us have grown up hearing phrases like “it runs in the family” without fully understanding what that means. Genetic testing offers a way to explore those inherited patterns with more clarity. For some, it’s about understanding a family history of chronic conditions. For others, it’s curiosity. And increasingly, it’s about taking control and making informed choices rather than reactive ones. What has truly accelerated this shift is the move from static reports to actionable intelligence, where people can see not just their risks, but how those risks translate into everyday decisions. What Does the Process Feel Like? Contrary to what many imagine, genetic testing is usually straightforward. It may involve giving a small blood or saliva sample, which is then analyzed in a lab using advanced tools. The results are not delivered as raw data but as a structured report. This is where the experience becomes personal. People often pause at certain sections, reflecting on what the information means for their lives and habits. That’s why guidance matters. Genetic counselling helps translate technical findings into meaningful understanding. In more advanced formats, these reports are designed as structured, multi-layered documents, sometimes extending to detailed formats, divided into modules like genetic disorders, chronic disease risks, pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics, and physical endurance. What Can You Learn About Yourself? The insights from genetic testing can feel surprisingly relatable, often answering questions people didn’t even realize they had. It can explain why certain diets work for some but not for you, why your body reacts differently to medications, or whether you may be at higher risk for certain conditions. From disease susceptibility to nutrient metabolism and drug response, the information is both practical and eye-opening. But these are indicators, not conclusions. They highlight tendencies, not certainties. What makes this truly valuable is how these insights translate into everyday actions. Instead of generic advice, individuals can receive a personalised weekly diet planner with clearly defined “foods to include” and “foods to avoid”, aligned with their genetics and real dietary habits. Supplement recommendations become more precise, forming a roadmap based on how the body metabolizes nutrients. One of the most impactful layers is pharmacogenomics, where genetic insights help map how the body responds to medications, indicating whether a drug is standard, requires adjustment, or should be avoided across categories like diabetes, cardiovascular care, pain management, antibiotics, and mental health treatments. The Emotional Side of Knowing While science is fascinating, the emotional aspect of genetic testing is equally important. Learning about potential risks can bring clarity, concern, and empowerment all at once. For some, it offers relief. For others, it raises new questions. But perspective matters. Knowing your genetic tendencies is not about fear, it is about preparedness. It allows you to ask better questions, have more informed conversations with doctors, and make decisions aligned with your body’s needs. When these insights are visualised clearly, such as through organ-level risk indicators across cardiovascular, neurological, renal, or metabolic systems, it becomes easier to prioritize what truly needs attention. Where Lifestyle Still Leads the Way Two people with similar genetic risks can have very different health outcomes depending on their lifestyle. Diet, exercise, sleep, stress, and environment play a significant role in shaping how genetic tendencies unfold. Genetic testing does not replace healthy habits, it reinforces them. It adds a layer of understanding that helps personalize choices. When insights translate into actionable outputs like diet plans, supplement strategies, and fitness alignment, the gap between knowing and doing starts to close. Points to Consider Before Taking a Test Like any health decision, genetic testing requires thoughtful consideration. Questions about data privacy, accuracy, and interpretation are important. Choosing credible providers and ensuring confidentiality should be a priority. It’s also worth asking what you hope to learn and how you will use the information. The goal is not just information, but insight that leads to action. A Glimpse into the Future As science advances, genetic testing is moving closer to everyday healthcare. What was once a specialized tool may soon become a routine part of understanding personal health. The direction is clear, from information to interpretation to action, where one test can continue guiding decisions across different stages of life. Conclusion Decoding your DNA is not about predicting your future, it is about understanding your starting point. For beginners, genetic testing may feel unfamiliar. Yet at its core, it is simply a way of getting to know yourself better, scientifically and meaningfully. In a world full of general advice, that kind of personal insight can be both grounding and empowering. Because when health becomes personalized, decisions become clearer, actions become sharper, and outcomes become more predictable. And that is where genetic testing, when done right, truly becomes a lifetime advantage.   Sudhakar Kancharla, Founder, Mr. Yoda ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27628/differentiating-epileptic-and-nonepileptic-events-using-video-eeg.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27628/differentiating-epileptic-and-nonepileptic-events-using-video-eeg.html Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Seizure-like episodes can arise from multiple underlying causes, not all of which are epileptic in origin. A range of medical, neurological, and psychological conditions can cause symptoms that look like epileptic seizures, making accurate diagnosis clinically difficult. Individuals with recurrent seizure-like episodes are ultimately found not to have epilepsy. Instead, they are diagnosed with non-epileptic events (NEE) also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) or functional seizures. While these episodes may look like epileptic seizures, they differ fundamentally in their underlying mechanisms. This overlap in clinical presentation, combined with specific biological causes, creates a key diagnostic challenge: Distinguishing epileptic seizures from non-epileptic events to ensure appropriate and effective treatment. Understanding the Difference: Epileptic Seizures VS Non-Epileptic Events Epileptic seizures are episodes caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. These electrical discharges occur abruptly, affecting normal brain activities, which may lead to convulsion, unawareness, staring, confusion, and odd movements. Non-epileptic seizures are those events that appear to be like Seizures but are not true seizures. They are not caused due to the abnormal brain electricity. Non-epileptic seizures occur due to psychological or emotional upsets. The psychological or emotional distress are expressed through the symptoms that appear to be like the symptoms experienced during epileptic seizures. Since both can present with shaking, collapse, unresponsiveness, and confusion, clinical appearance alone is often misleading. The Hidden Burden of Misdiagnosis When there is confusion between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures, outcomes can be severe. If patients do not have epilepsy, they might be treated with anti-epileptic medications, which they do not need. These may result in unnecessary side effects at times. Conversely, patients who suffer from real epilepsy may receive delayed appropriate care because of misdiagnosis or incorrect identification of their condition. This, in turn, can lead to various problems, ranging from uncontrolled seizures, possible injuries and accidents, and untold suffering for the patients and their families. Why Clinical Observation Alone Is Not Enough Traditional diagnosis relies on patient history and clinical examination. While essential, these methods are limited in nature. Many seizure-like conditions show similar physical signs, making visual evaluation ineffective and unreliable. This creates a need for a diagnostic tool that directly connects physical symptoms with real-time brain activity. How Video EEG Transforms Diagnosis Video Electroencephalography (Video EEG) brings together continuous video monitoring of a patient with simultaneous recording of the brain’s electrical activity (EEG). Patients are observed in a controlled environment until their typical episodes occur. This allows doctors to directly match what the body is doing with what the brain is doing at the exact same moment: In epileptic seizures, the EEG shows abnormal electrical discharges that matches with the physical seizure activity seen on video. In non-epileptic events, the patient may show physical symptoms, but the EEG remains normal. This direct correlation makes Video EEG the gold standard of differentiating epileptic seizures from non-epileptic events. Why Accurate Diagnosis Changes Everything For patients with epilepsy, proper diagnosis allows for proper planning of medication and treatment strategies followed by timely referral of patients to advanced therapy when needed. It creates the door for patients with nonepileptic events to have proper psychotherapy and treatment to support healing and wellness. Restoring Clarity, Confidence, and Hope For patients and families living with unexplained seizure-like episodes, uncertainty can be overwhelming. A clear diagnosis gives trust, direction, and emotional stability. It replaces fear with understanding and confusion with clarity. In modern neurological care, Video EEG is more than a diagnostic tool. It is a bridge between symptoms and truth, appearance and cause, fear and reassurance. By allowing differentiation between epileptic and non-epileptic events, it ensures patients receive the right diagnosis, the right treatment, and the right support at absolutely the right time.   Dr Lakshmi Priya. L, Consultant Neurologist, Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bengaluru ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27561/why-boutique-hospitals-are-gaining-ground-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27561/why-boutique-hospitals-are-gaining-ground-.html Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0530   India’s healthcare sector is entering a new phase of expansion, but this phase may look very different from the large multi-specialty facilities that defined the last two decades. Across Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, a quieter yet significant trend is emerging: the rise of compact, well-designed boutique hospitals that deliver high-quality care without the scale or cost burden of large tertiary centres. The Shift Beyond Metros India’s demand for healthcare infrastructure continues to outpace supply, particularly outside the major metropolitan centres. While large tertiary hospitals remain essential for highly complex treatments, many regional markets require hospitals that can provide reliable secondary and selective tertiary care closer to where patients live. Importantly, much of the next wave of expansion is shifting beyond metropolitan markets. Industry estimates suggest that nearly 40% of new hospital capacity planned over the next five years will be in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, reflecting both rising demand and the growing economic potential of these regions. Boutique hospitals are increasingly filling this gap. Typically designed with around 80-120 beds and a built-up area of roughly 70,000 to 90,000 square feet, these hospitals are significantly smaller than traditional corporate facilities. Yet their scale allows promoters to create clinically robust institutions with modern infrastructure, efficient workflows, and a strong focus on patient experience. The Rise of Specialised Care Alongside the geographic shift, there is also a structural change in how healthcare services are delivered. Rising disease burdens and increasing awareness are driving demand for specialised care in areas such as oncology, fertility treatment, orthopaedics, cardiology, and minimally invasive day-care surgeries. Instead of offering every possible specialty under one roof, many new hospitals are choosing to focus on a few high-demand disciplines where they can build clinical depth and reputation. This shift has given rise to a new generation of specialty hospitals that combine focused expertise with operational efficiency. A Sustainable Model for Hospital Promoters From the perspective of hospital promoters and investors, the economics of boutique hospitals are also compelling. Large tertiary hospitals often require significant capital investment, long gestation periods, and complex operational structures. In contrast, boutique hospitals can be developed with relatively lower capital expenditure while still maintaining strong clinical capabilities in selected areas. Lower fixed costs, optimised staffing models, and efficient utilisation of infrastructure allow these hospitals to achieve healthier operating margins. More importantly, their manageable scale enables promoters to maintain tighter control over quality, patient satisfaction, and clinical governance. Emerging Examples Across India Several hospitals across India illustrate how this model is gaining traction. In Nagpur, Viveka Hospital has been developed as a focused Super-specialty hospital built around operational efficiency and patient-centric design. Ashoka Hospitals in Nashik demonstrates how a regional healthcare brand can scale sustainably by constructing a Built To Suit hospital with an O&M parther like Medicover and Cancer Centre of America without over-expanding into an unwieldy corporate structure. Similarly, TriStar Hospital in Surat and Tricolor Hospital in Vadodara represents a compact hospital model optimized for streamlined clinical workflows and patient experience. Facilities such as HCG Cancer Centre, which focuses exclusively on oncology care, and Nova IVF Fertility, a dedicated fertility care network, demonstrate how specialised hospitals can build strong clinical reputations while operating with more focused infrastructure and service offerings. Building Smarter Healthcare Infrastructure As India continues to expand its healthcare capacity, boutique hospitals are likely to play a crucial role in bridging the infrastructure gap, particularly in emerging urban centres. By combining focused clinical services, efficient design, and sustainable economics, these hospitals are redefining how quality healthcare can be delivered beyond the country’s largest cities.   Dr Vivek Desai, Founder & Managing Director, HOSMAC   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27533/clouded-mind-understanding-brain-fog.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27533/clouded-mind-understanding-brain-fog.html Sun, 22 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Brain Fog is a collection of symptoms. Many people experience symptoms such as forgetfulness, poor attention span, and mental fatigue. Long sleepless nights and prolonged screen exposure often lead to this feeling. What Screens Do to Your Brain Modern life and screens are inseparable. Our lives revolve around TV, laptops, smartphones, and tablets. The constant use of screens for work and personal life forces the brain to continuously process visual information. This constant digital exposure reshapes attention, memory, and focus. Melatonin secretion is increased at night, but using late-night screens interferes with its production, leading to poor-quality sleep and, sometimes, insomnia. Sleep: Brain’s Natural Reset An adequate, undisturbed sleep of 7-8 hours is essential for our body to function in a healthy, coordinated manner. During sleep, the body detoxifies its metabolic state, regains energy, supports emotional regulation, and stabilizes and strengthens memory, thereby preparing the body for the next day’s adventure.  Not only does the duration of sleep matter, but so does its quality. Even short-term disturbed sleep affects memory and focus and can cause irritability. Poor sleep patterns not only cause these symptoms but also affect the body’s Balance and Orientation, bringing the inner ear into play. The Inner Ear: Body’s Hidden Navigator Besides hearing, the primary function of the ear is to maintain the body's balance. The inner ear houses the vestibular system, responsible for maintaining the body’s position, orientation, and motion. This system works with the brain, which interprets signals to keep us steady and grounded. Due to disturbed sleep, the brain and the vestibular system become exhausted and work even harder to keep the body upright and interpret the surroundings. This extra work causes mental exhaustion, difficulty concentrating, and brain fog. In simple terms, an exhausted brain sends confused balance signals and struggles to focus.  Why Your Brain Struggles In A Screen-Filled World Minimal head movement is observed when the person is glued to the screen. Prolonged sitting in front of a screen causes a mismatch between visual and vestibular input. The eyes report visual movement of scrolling, while the head and body remain stationary. Over time, it leads to dizziness, disorientation, and foggy thinking. Why Some People Are More Affected People who have a history of migraine, vestibular disorder, neck strain, and anxiety are more prone to vestibular stress. A little stress to the vestibular system can alleviate these symptoms, especially when sleep deprivation and digital overload are combined. From Fog to Focus: Everyday Fixes Brain fog can be fixed by taking baby steps. Give your eyes and brain regular breaks while using screens—about every 20 minutes, pause briefly and focus on something in the distance for a few moments. Try to switch off digital devices at least an hour before going to bed, allowing your mind to slow down naturally. Keep your sleep routine steady by going to bed and waking up at roughly the same time each day. Add gentle movement into your day, such as short walks, light stretches, yoga, or simple balance-based activities, to keep sensory systems engaged. Be mindful of how you hold your head and neck, especially when using a phone or laptop, and avoid prolonged slouching. If mental cloudiness persists and is accompanied by dizziness or visual strain, seek advice from a vestibular specialist. Listening to the Fog Brain fog is not just “all in the mind.” It reflects how modern habits, such as prolonged screen use and binge-watching, disrupt sleep and how reduced physical movement interacts with brain systems. Acknowledging the role of the inner ear helps us understand why mental clarity depends not only on rest and focus, but also on balance.   Dr Anita Bhandari, Director of NeuroEquilibrium and Dr Anushka Bhandari, Head of R&D at NeuroEquilibrium ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27623/longevity-a-matter-of-time-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27623/longevity-a-matter-of-time-.html Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Not simply chronological age, and not only the presence or absence of disease; but how biological systems change, adapt, and eventually fail across time. Most conventional healthcare engages the human body relatively late along this continuum. Imaging and diagnosis often occur when organ-level dysfunction has already become established. Imaging remains an essential tool, but it represents a late snapshot in a much longer biological process. The more relevant question for longevity-focused medicine is not just what is visible today, but when the underlying process began and at what level of biology it first emerged. Longevity, in this sense, is not primarily a measurement problem, but a decision problem. Biological data becomes meaningful only when it informs what to change, when to intervene, and how to evaluate impact over time. Without this decision layer, even sophisticated diagnostics remain observational rather than actionable.   An organ was once a tissue A tissue was once a collection of cells. Cells themselves are composed of organelles responding continuously to metabolic, inflammatory, and environmental signals. By the time structural change becomes visible at the organ level, cellular and subcellular adaptations have often been underway for years. Extending healthspan therefore requires shifting attention earlier in the biological timeline.   Biology Operates on a Continuum Human biology does not transition abruptly from health to disease. It moves along a spectrum; from resilience to compensation, and eventually to dysfunction. Where an individual sits on this continuum determines which forms of detection are meaningful. In chronically ill individuals, biomarkers often reflect late-stage adaptations or depleted reserves. In contrast, in individuals who appear healthy, biomarkers may reveal early inefficiencies, compensatory patterns, or emerging imbalances that precede clinical disease. Each biomarker represents a snapshot in time, a reflection of current biological state rather than a definitive diagnosis. When viewed in isolation, these snapshots are limited. When interpreted longitudinally and in context, they become informative. At Biopeak, biomarkers are therefore treated not as endpoints, but as temporal signals; indicators of where a person is on their biological trajectory.   The Organism in Its Environment An organism is not a closed system. It exists continuously within an environment, interacting with nutritional inputs, physical activity, psychological stress, light exposure, toxins, and social context. These exposures influence biological function through the epigenome, shaping gene expression and metabolic behavior over time. Importantly, environmental effects are rarely acute. Most act through small, repeated signals that accumulate gradually. Longevity-oriented care must therefore account not only for biological measurements, but for the context in which those measurements arise. This perspective shifts the focus from reactive treatment to understanding exposure, adaptation, and timing.   Detection Depends on the Lens No single test or modality can fully describe biological health. Detection is inherently perspective-based. Imaging, blood biomarkers, functional assessments, movement analysis, autonomic measures, and behavioral data each capture different aspects of physiology. Each provides a partial view. At Biopeak, detection is deliberately multi-dimensional. Data is evaluated through multiple lenses to reduce blind spots and overinterpretation. This layered approach allows patterns to emerge that may not be visible through any single modality.   Experts in the Loop Equally important is how data is interpreted. decision-making at Biopeak is not automated or siloed. Clinicians, physiotherapists, systems biology specialists, and AI-supported analytics function together as complementary lenses. Each brings a different training framework and mode of pattern recognition. Our AI is used to integrate scale and complexity, but human expertise remains central, particularly in contextual interpretation and clinical judgment. The objective is not to replace expertise, but to connect it.   From Detection to Direction Detection without context can generate unnecessary concern. Detection without timing can lead to overtreatment. Detection without expertise risks misinterpretation. The goal of longevity-focused medicine is not the early discovery of disease, but earlier understanding of biological trajectory. By identifying patterns upstream, before structural damage or clinical decline—interventions can be more precise, less aggressive, and more sustainable. Longevity, in this sense, is not about extending life at its end, but about preserving function, adaptability, and resilience across time. That is the approach Biopeak is designed to support. In the Indian context, this shift is especially significant. Chronic and lifestyle-related conditions are still detected late and managed through fragmented care pathways. The constraint is not clinical capability, but the absence of systems that interpret biological signals early and longitudinally. Biopeak is working to help build this layer of the healthcare ecosystem by bringing together multi-dimensional diagnostics, proprietary AI, expert-led interpretation, and continuous monitoring, all with the aim of shaping how longevity care is practised in India. Longevity, ultimately, is not about doing more, rather about choosing better, earlier, with clearer signals, and with the ability to measure what actually changes.   Shiva Subramanian, Co-Founder and CIO of Biopeak ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27463/from-margins-to-mainstream-mental-health-re-forms-public-health.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27463/from-margins-to-mainstream-mental-health-re-forms-public-health.html Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Compared to other major economies, India holds immense potential in its “demographic dividend”— a large working-age population, estimated at ~68% within 15-64 years of age (source: UNFPA), that can drive economic growth. By including mental health as an obvious constituent of public health and prioritizing the development of infrastructure and human resource around it, the Union Budget 2026-27 marks a consequential shift, recognising human capital and health as key drivers of economic growth and productivity, that is especially relevant for India in achieving the mission of Viksit Bharat. Beyond incremental increases in allocations, the budget signals a structural reorientation: a decisive expansion of emergency and trauma systems, renewed investment in neuro-specialty capacity, and the announcement of a second national institute for mental health and neurosciences — NIMHANS 2.0, along with the upgradation of central institutes, CIP, Ranchi and LGB, Tezpur. This is a welcome move in acknowledging mental health as fundamental to individual and societal growth and efficiency. It is also aptly timed, with the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS)-II currently underway and expected to illuminate gaps in the country’s mental healthcare framework. NMHS-II expands upon the NMHS-I conducted in 2015-16 across 12 states, by covering all states and union territories, targeting adolescents (13- 17 years) and all adults of age >18 across all states, with a special focus on vulnerable populations. Based on the previous survey, prevalence rates varied with geographic, socioeconomic or sex differences. 10.6% of Indian adults were reported to suffer from mental disorders with urban metros residents having greater prevalence (13.5%) than those in rural areas (6.9%) across various mental disorders; and persons from lower income quintiles were more affected. While a country of 1.4 billion are served only by 47 government mental health hospitals, the significant burden is carried by a large network of primary health care centres; however, the workforce shortage is dire, with 0.75 psychiatrists per 100,00 people, compared to the WHO recommended number of 3. India notoriously ranks the highest on suicide rates (21.1 in 100,000); numbers amongst the youth are ever-rising. In fact, the Tele-MANAS 24/7 helpline, set up in 2022, has since served ~24 lakh people, among whom, ~70% are between 18-45 years, and primarily students. All this paints a rather sombre picture of India’s mental health status amongst the country’s primary workforce, and demands operational measures to value young lives as positive economic assets. Another significant finding from the NMHS-I is that the massive treatment gap for mental disorders ranging between 70-92%. Dr. B.N. Gangadhar, Director of NIMHANS at the time, cited in the NMHS report, that “while, nearly 150 million Indians need mental health care services, less than 30 million are seeking care; the mental health systems assessment indicates not just a lack of public health strategy but also several under-performing components.” For decades, India’s healthcare architecture has struggled with fragmentation: uneven distribution and underdevelopment of emergency services, and neuropsychiatric services concentrated in a handful of apex institutions. Efficient emergency medicine, often the backbone of resilient health systems can significantly reduce mortality from accidents, violence, acute medical events, but also prompt interventions for psychiatric episodes. It therefore intersects directly with neurology and psychiatry, and emergency infrastructure with parallel neuro and mental health capacity would alleviate upstream bottlenecks at higher-order facilities. That the Budget recognises this systems-level interdependence is a crucial advancement of mental health care and delivery systems. In parallel to strengthening primary and emergency or trauma-related health care services, an effective healthcare strategy demands advanced clinical capacity for complex neurological or psychiatric conditions through translational research and workforce development. NIMHANS 2.0 — modelled on the NIMHANS, Bangalore — is a move to decentralise excellence. If designed carefully, NIMHANS 2.0 can serve as a nationally important apex referral that is capable of dramatically scaling up advanced clinical health care delivery, specialist and allied workforce training, and most importantly, anchoring research programs on mental illness that re-evaluates and influences locally relevant mental health policy. These, along with the upgraded regional apex centres at Ranchi and Tezpur should function, not as isolated centres, but as hubs in a networked model spanning the country, supervising state and district level healthcare strategies.   The true measure of this Budget’s ambition however, will lie in integration. The linkage of emergency departments to district mental health programmes, tele-health platforms, and referral pathways to tertiary centres, as well as services for rehabilitation and psychosocial support will be foundational components for a reliable mental health care system. The economic case for this expansion is compelling—road traffic injuries and neuropsychiatric disorders in the form of untreated depression, substance-use and cognitive impairments, account for a significant share of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India. They not only erode workforce participation, and therefore productivity and economic growth at a population-level, but also impose catastrophic expenditure on households. Investments in emergency systems and neuro-mental health infrastructure are therefore productivity investments with long-term benefits, a healthy, sustainable workforce.   Yet, caution is warranted. Capital expenditure must be matched with sustained operational funding that drives faculty recruitment, curriculum development, research grants, community outreach and integration with international mental health systems to create an exceptional and transformative framework of mental health care in India. Definitive and transparent timelines and effective state and federal coordination, and accountability will determine whether NIMHANS 2.0, and all that the Budget promises, becomes a generational turning point for India’s public health system or a protracted construction project. The Budget has also sent an important social signal by including mental health into the fold of the public health and policy rhetoric, and reframing them as core public goods, not optional add-ons. This matters in a country where stigma, underfunding, and professional shortages have historically impeded progress. The Union Budget 2026–27 offers an opportunity to reimagine India’s health system around urgency, equity, and neurological well-being. The challenge now is execution — converting announcements into integrated, accessible, and humane systems of care.   About the authors- Shriya Palchaudhuri, Associate Director (External Engagements), Rohini Nilekani Centre for Brain and Mind at NCBS and Imroze Khan, Assistant Dean, Research, Director, Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability and Associate Professor of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi-NCR ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27384/healthcare-sector-key-announcements-and-implications-union-budget-202627.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27384/healthcare-sector-key-announcements-and-implications-union-budget-202627.html Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Union Budget 2026–27 with a strong focus on strengthening India’s healthcare ecosystem. The announcements emphasise biopharma manufacturing, medical and allied health education, regional access to care, traditional medicine systems, and mental health as an emerging national priority. Key Announcements Biopharma Shakti Initiative: An outlay of Rs 10,000 crore over five years has been proposed to position India as a global biopharma manufacturing hub. The initiative aims to accelerate domestic capabilities in biologics, biosimilars, and advanced pharmaceutical production, reinforcing supply resilience and global competitiveness. Biopharma-Focused Institutional Strengthening: Three new National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) will be established and seven existing ones upgraded to support biologics production, pharmaceutical research, and regulatory capacity. Expansion of Allied Health Education: Institutions for allied health professionals (AHPs) will be upgraded and expanded across ten disciplines, including optometry, radiology, anaesthesia, and applied psychology. The target is to train one lakh AHPs over five years to address systemic workforce gaps. Regional Medical Hubs: Five regional medical hubs will be developed in partnership with states to improve access to advanced healthcare infrastructure and reduce geographic disparities. Strengthening Traditional Medicine Systems: The government announced three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda, upgrades to Ayush pharmacies and drug testing laboratories, and continued support for the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar. Mental Health as a National Priority: A new National Mental Health Institute, “NIMHANS 2,” will be established to address evolving mental health challenges, including those faced by digital professionals and content creators. Implications for the Healthcare Sector The Biopharma Shakti initiative marks a strategic push toward self-reliance in high-value pharmaceutical manufacturing, with potential to improve affordability and availability of advanced therapies, particularly in oncology, immunology, and rare diseases. Expansion of NIPERs strengthens India’s pharmaceutical research and talent pipeline. Its long-term success will depend on effective industry collaboration, curriculum modernisation, and regulatory alignment. Investment in allied health capacity addresses critical non-physician workforce shortages, improving hospital efficiency, diagnostics, surgical support, and mental healthcare delivery. Regional medical hubs can ease pressure on metropolitan tertiary centres and strengthen secondary care systems, provided implementation and financing frameworks are robust. The expansion of traditional medicine infrastructure signals continued policy commitment, though evidence generation and regulatory harmonisation remain essential for global credibility. Finally, elevating mental health through institutional expansion reflects growing recognition of digital-era psychological stressors and the need for accessible, stigma-free care within India’s broader public health framework.   Dr Puneet Khanduja- Health & Nutrition Lead, MicroSave Consulting (MSC)    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/25276/14-healthcare-steps-to-protect-your-familys-financial-future.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/25276/14-healthcare-steps-to-protect-your-familys-financial-future.html Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0530  Set a clear purpose, size a realistic safety net, and centralise documents your family can find fast.  This step-by-step plan walks you through layers of protection, sustainable premiums, smart payouts, and quick annual reviews. So that daily decisions stay clear and your household remains steady through change and uncertainty. 14 Steps to Secure Financial Protection for Your Family Here are the steps to take:   Start With a Protection Mindset   Financial security begins with purpose. Write a short statement that explains who you are protecting, for how long, and why. List the essentials your family must maintain, such as the home, education, healthcare, and everyday expenses. When you face a decision, ask one question. Does this step move your family closer to that purpose?   Size the Right Safety Net   Know your real cover needs before you shop. A quick, honest calculation beats guesswork and glossy brochures. Work out how much protection you truly need. Start with income replacement for ten to fifteen years. Add any outstanding loans.  Add a health buffer and education goals. Subtract liquid assets that are easy to access. The result is the real-world cover you should target. If the ideal number appears high, establish a strong foundation now and plan to add more coverage as income increases. Quick Coverage Formula   Use this as a starting point and adjust for your city, debts, and family plans. Annual family spending × 12 to 15 years Plus total loan balances Plus future education costs Plus a healthcare buffer Minus liquid savings and investments   Target Cover = The number you should base decisions on   Build a Three-layer Defence   Think in layers so that a single shock does not disrupt the entire plan. Each layer protects the next. A resilient plan utilises three layers that work in tandem.   Healthcare Layer   Comprehensive health cover protects savings from large medical bills. Confirm cashless hospitals near home and work. Use annual check-ups. Keep electronic copies of the policy and cashless cards handy.   Income Replacement Layer   This is the pool that sustains the family if income stops. Keep it simple, large, and reliable. Make premiums affordable for the full term to prevent the coverage from lapsing.   Liquidity Layer   An emergency fund of at least six months of fixed expenses helps keep the household steady during job changes, delayed claims, or unexpected repairs. Keep it in a safe, easy-access account.   Choose the Right Policy Structure   Favour high, affordable cover with clear terms. Keep extras only when they match a real, likely risk. The cleanest protection is often the most effective. Focus on high cover at a sustainable premium.  Match the policy term to your longest dependency, such as until the youngest child graduates or the last home loan is paid off. Add riders only when they address a real, likely risk for your family.   Explore and Compare Confidently   Scan the market first, then consult with an adviser who has a shortlist in hand. When you research options, comparison tools can save time and clarify terms.  For breadth and speed, many households first review life insurance online to understand benefit structures, payout formats, and claim processes before consulting an adviser. Use this step to shortlist two or three plans that match your target cover and budget.   Make Money Reach the Right People   The best plan pays out fast and to the right person. Keep nominations updated after marriage, the birth of a new child, or a change in dependents.  Pair your nominations with a simple will that names an executor and guardian. Consider a contingent nominee if the primary nominee is also dependent. Review titles on property and investments so ownership is clear and uncontested.   Keep Documents Easy and Centralised   One page can save hours. Put key numbers, contacts, and file locations in a single map. A great cover is only useful if your family can find it. Create a one-page "financial map" that lists policy numbers, premium dates, claim helplines, bank accounts, nominees, and where originals are stored.  Save e-copies of policy bonds, medical reports, and the latest premium receipts in a shared cloud folder. Share read-only access with a trusted family member. Add a short claim checklist to make the first call obvious. Suggested File List   Treat this as a starter pack and add items unique to your situation. Policy schedule and latest receipts Nomination details and a simple will PAN or ID copies, address proof, and bank details Health insurance e-cards and TPA contacts A list of preferred cashless hospitals Pure Protection With Term Cover   If your goal is to maximise coverage per pound, compare term insurance online to see how the sum insured, policy term, and riders affect the price. Term cover focuses every premium on pure protection.  It does not try to act like a retirement plan. Buy early to lock in lower costs. Keep the benefit large enough to matter, and keep the premium small enough to sustain for decades.   Pay for Protection Efficiently   Affordability keeps cover alive. Auto-debit premiums from a dedicated account to avoid lapses. Avoid stacking riders you will not use. If you need to choose, prioritise a larger base cover and one relevant rider over multiple add-ons. Keep premiums sustainable. Annual payments often reduce the effective cost of borrowing. Cost Control Tips   Small moves add up over decades. Optimise the obvious first. Buy early to take advantage of our discounted pricing for younger ages. Choose the annual mode if it is cheaper overall. Refrain from paying for features that do not align with your risk tolerance. Re-shop every few years to ensure value stays competitive. Choose Payouts That fit Your Budget   A large lump sum can feel abstract in a crisis. Think about how your family spends money. If monthly cash flow is a priority, consider a split payout.  Part lump sum to clear loans, and part monthly income for a fixed number of years. The right format keeps bills paid and minds calm.   Run a Simple Annual Review   Life changes. Your plan should keep up. Once a year, do a 30-minute check. Confirm the cover amount, policy term, premiums, and nominees. Verify that your documents open and are in the right folder.  Re-check hospital networks if you moved cities. If service quality declines, ensure a seamless transition and maintain current coverage until the replacement begins. Secure a base level of protection that your budget can support for the full term. Centralise documents and share access. Build your emergency fund and review it regularly, ideally on an annual basis. Add more coverage as income rises, and keep your nominations up to date. A smart plan does not try to predict everything. It makes life easier on a difficult day and keeps your family's goals within reach. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27278/cervical-cancer-in-india-why-awareness-alone-isnt-enough.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27278/cervical-cancer-in-india-why-awareness-alone-isnt-enough.html Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0530 Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, yet it remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Indian women. The estimated number of deaths due to cervical cancer in the country in 2023 was 35,691, according to the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Cancer Registry Programme's (ICMR-NCRP) data. Over the last decade, India has made significant progress in building awareness around cervical cancer. Public health campaigns, clinician outreach, and growing media attention have helped normalise conversations around Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) screening and prevention. Yet, despite this momentum, cervical cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among Indian women. The central challenge today is no longer a lack of knowledge, but a failure of execution. The Awareness–Action Gap: Real Numbers, Real Lives According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, as of July 2025, over 10.18 crore women have been screened for cervical cancer. This sounds very promising until one realises that this still represents only a fraction of the eligible population of women aged 30–65 years nationwide. According to the National Family Health Survey-5, the overall screening coverage remains under 5% in many regions, and the rate of follow-up after a positive screen is even lower. A similar pattern is visible in the uptake of vaccination against HPV. Awareness of the vaccine has improved, particularly in urban and semi-urban India. Yet vaccine completion rates remain low. In the private healthcare market, HPV vaccines continue to cost several thousand rupees per dose, placing full vaccination beyond the reach of a large segment of the population. Awareness, in this context, does not equate to access. Why Awareness Isn’t Enough to Mitigate the On-Ground Barriers Clinical data consistently point to three structural barriers that awareness alone cannot overcome: Financial Exposure: Preventive care is often deprioritised when households face competing demands on limited income. Uneven access: Screening facilities and trained specialists remain concentrated in urban centres. For women in rural and semi-urban areas, the distance to care, limited appointment availability, and lack of follow-up support translate into delayed or foregone prevention. Fragmented care pathways: Preventive healthcare requires continuity. Screening without timely results, counselling, referral, and treatment coordination does not reduce disease burden. In many cases, the absence of integrated systems means that early warning signals are missed. Overlaying these structural challenges are deeply entrenched social and cultural factors. Reproductive health continues to carry stigma. Preventive care is often postponed in favour of other responsibilities. Fear of diagnosis and treatment further delays action. These realities cannot be addressed by awareness messaging alone. The cost of delay The consequences of this gap are reflected in national disease outcomes. Cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers among Indian women, with thousands of deaths each year. Many of these cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, when treatment is more complex, outcomes are poorer, and financial strain on families is significantly higher. This is particularly troubling because cervical cancer is considered highly preventable. Robust evidence demonstrates that timely screening and HPV vaccination can dramatically reduce incidence and mortality. Insurance as a catalyst for prevention Health insurance providers increasingly recognise that critical illness prevention aligns both with improved health outcomes and long-term risk optimisation. Early screening and vaccination reduce the likelihood of late-stage diagnosis, which is associated with higher treatment costs, prolonged hospitalisation, and poorer outcomes. As a result, insurers are progressively: Embedding preventive screenings into policy benefits, reducing or eliminating out-of-pocket costs for eligible women Promoting wellness and preventive health programmes that actively nudge policyholders toward timely screening When preventive care is financially protected and operationally supported, participation improves. Insurance, in this context, converts awareness into action by lowering friction at the point of care. The role of employers and group insurance Employer-sponsored health plans represent another powerful lever. Corporate wellness programmes that include cervical cancer screening, on-site camps, and vaccination support help overcome both financial and logistical barriers. They also normalise preventive healthcare within working populations, increasing participation across age groups. From awareness to outcomes India has reached a pivotal moment in its cervical cancer journey. Awareness has established intent. Science has provided solutions. What is now required is systemic integration, where public health initiatives, insurance coverage, and employer participation operate in concert. From an insurance perspective, the pathway forward is clear. Prevention must be financed, facilitated, and followed through. Only then can awareness translate into measurable reductions in disease burden, claims severity, and most importantly, the preventable loss of life.   Dr Puneet Biblani, Head – Claim, ManipalCigna Health Insurance ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27221/combining-pocd-tools-with-indias-digital-health-platforms-and-national-registries.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27221/combining-pocd-tools-with-indias-digital-health-platforms-and-national-registries.html Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0530 India’s healthcare system continues to face rising disease burdens alongside limited access to timely diagnostic services. In many rural and peri-urban communities, people wait far too long for a diagnosis.Point-of-care diagnostic tools, or POCDs, provide a practical way to move testing from distant laboratories directly into the community settings where clinical decisions are made. POCDs are diagnostic tests conducted at or near the site where the patient is receiving care and can deliver results within minutes or hours instead of days. Research summarized by Pai and colleagues shows that POCDs reduce the time between the onset of symptoms, diagnosis, and the start of treatment, enabling faster and more effective patient care. This closes one of the biggest gaps in healthcare delivery. According to IMARC Group's industry analysis, the global market for point-of-care diagnostics was worth around $53 billion in 2024 and is expected to quadruple in the next ten years. This is mostly due to the use of these tests in infectious diseases and the growth of digital connection. The value of POCD in India goes beyond just business growth numbers. It has the ability to fix a long-standing systemic inequity where reliable diagnostics are still only available in certain areas and for certain people. Konwar and Borse's study of the Indian healthcare system says that those who live far from metropolitan laboratories have to wait longer for or miss diagnoses of tuberculosis, maternity difficulties, and common non-communicable diseases because they have to rely on transportation and reporting lag. POCD devices fix this problem by making testing available at health sub-centers, mobile clinics, and village outreach initiatives. The Value Of Public Health Goes Beyond Just Testing Individuals From a public health perspective, POCD tools serve as instruments for population disease management rather than as standalone clinical equipment. The World Health Organization's global health estimates show that infectious diseases are still one of the top causes of illness and death in low- and middle-income nations. Quick diagnosis is important not only for the recovery of each person but also to stop the spread of the disease in the community. Hospitals benefit as a whole when diagnostic decentralization moves screening volumes away from tertiary hospitals. According to study by Varghese and colleagues on the use of POCD in Indian public programs, huge groups of low-risk patients are well cared for in primary care systems, which keeps them from having to go to the hospital and frees up space for specialized care. Making Decisions At The Front Line Of Care One of POCD's best contributions to making healthcare more efficient is allowing local decision-making. Healthcare professionals utilizing rapid testing equipment can take action at the same patient visit instead of waiting for lab results to come back days later. Uses in National Health Priorities India has included POCD in its main programs for controlling diseases and improving the health of mothers. Molecular platforms are used in tuberculosis programs to find cases in the community. According to studies using the AideSmart platform, maternal and lactation support programs use multiplex POCD to test for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, trichomoniasis, and anemia. Accredited Social Health Activist personnel are in charge of running things. According to evidence from Raghu and colleagues' cardiovascular risk screening campaigns, smartphone-based POCD solutions let ASHAs collect clinical information during home visits, do tests on the spot, and submit results right away. These platforms combine direct outreach with referral decision pathways, making it easier for groups of people who have not always had access to institutional healthcare to get the care they need. POCD has grown beyond managing infectious diseases to managing diseases that don't spread from person to person. Thodika and colleagues have shown that mobile diagnostic clinics that include POCD testing for blood glucose, hemoglobin, and cardiovascular risk can be used for large-scale, low-cost community screening. These mobile machines connect testing with instant counseling, which cuts down on the time it takes to find out if you have a disease that is usually only found in clinics. Validation, Precision, and Functional Dependability POCD's quickness is its best feature, but precision is what keeps it real. Regulatory standards in health systems around the world call for multi-layered validation to make sure that decentralized operations don't affect reliability. Heidt and his colleagues say that validation includes checking for analytical accuracy, assessing clinical performance in real-world situations, and checking how easy it is for people to use the product. In India, where tests are generally done by nurses, ASHA workers, or the patients themselves instead of professional laboratory technologists, human-factors validation is very important. Regulatory guidance from device oversight agencies stresses the need for training and simulated-use testing to cut down on operator mistakes. The Real World of Regulation in India Even though more pilots are being used, national rules for POCD procurement, validation, training, and scale-up are still not standardised. Agencies all across the world stress post-market surveillance, ongoing quality monitoring, and performance reporting. India's rules for medical devices include some parts of these frameworks, however there are still not enough national rules on how to integrate POCD into public health workflows. Engel and colleagues found that when there are no nationally standardized certification procedures, clinicians do not trust each other since they are not sure how reliable the tests are. When gadget branding changes without similar quality standards, public trust also goes down. Official Use in National Programmes According to national operational standards, Ayushman Bharat's Health and Wellness Centres, also known as Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, clearly endorse the use of POCD for primary-level diagnostic services. More and more, testing for tuberculosis, anemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk, and prenatal infections is done through POCD-supported workflows. Land and colleagues' global response evaluations show that the widespread use of POCD antigen and molecular tests during the COVID-19 pandemic proved that decentralized countrywide testing strategies are possible. Emergency certification procedures enabled community clinics and residential users to conduct testing at an unparalleled scale. This experience made POCD an essential tool for being ready for an outbreak. Decentralized diagnostics are increasingly a big part of emergency response planning frameworks. Challenges Even while POCD is becoming more legitimate, it still has operational problems that will not go away. In rural areas, infrastructure problems are the most common. Neogi and Engel's field tests show that deploying advanced devices is hard because of power outages, lack of room, and lack of storage. Diagnostic routes continue to be disjointed. Engel's research showed that there are problems with the connections between screening, laboratory confirmation, referral, and starting therapy. These problems make it hard for POCD integration to reach its full potential. Patients frequently obtain favorable results without structured referral follow-up. Cost limits make it even harder to grow. According to reviews by Thodika and Varghese, procurement costs, cartridge replacement costs, continuing maintenance, and calibration are all financial problems for basic health centers that don't have enough money. Trust problems are still deeply rooted. Health workers often worry about the stability of calibration and the accuracy of results in devices that don't have recognized certification labels. When different brands of devices are used without consistent quality endorsements, community trust likewise goes up and down. Proof of Public Health Impact Field experience in India shows that it can lead to important results. Pant Pai's reviews of antenatal programs show that AideSmart-enabled POCD screening had a testing completion rate of over ninety percent and was accepted by everyone in the community. This made it possible to start treatment and referrals quickly. Thodika's mobile POCD clinic model proved that it was possible to do mass screening in areas that didn't have enough resources and that it was cost-effective. These projects show that community diagnostics can help tertiary hospitals by doing a lot of early screening in primary care and saving specialist resources for more advanced illness management. Policy Guidance Meeting these goals will require sustained, coordinated action by the government at the national level. Policy reviews led by Pai and fellow researchers point to the need for standardized validation systems that clearly define procurement requirements, training protocols, post-market monitoring, and performance certification. Without these shared benchmarks, the reliability and quality of point-of-care testing remain uneven. Equally important are investments in basic infrastructure. Field studies by Neogi and Engel underline how dependable electricity, stronger connectivity for rural health facilities, and reliable supply chains for consumables directly shape whether these diagnostic tools can function effectively on the ground. These fundamentals determine if point-of-care testing becomes part of routine healthcare delivery or remains confined to isolated pilot efforts. Training programmes should teach health workers how to use digital consent tools and how to do their jobs in a way that is ethical. Longitudinal cost-effectiveness research ought to inform future public spending, a priority highlighted by Varghese’s health-economics assessment. Looking Ahead Over the next ten years, POCD is expected to become an integral part of India’s digital health ecosystem. According to emerging clinical technology reviews discussed by Varghese, the integration of artificial intelligence will strengthen image interpretation, enable automated quality assurance, and support multi-disease testing through cloud-based analytics. Smartphone platforms are likely to become routine clinical tools for ASHAs and auxiliary nurse midwives. Interoperability with ABHA databases will support the creation of lifelong digital health records for individuals. Integrated reporting systems will strengthen national registries by enabling better tracking of tuberculosis elimination targets, maternal health outcomes, and trends in non-communicable diseases. Public-private partnerships are expected to make devices more affordable and speed up developments in rural manufacturing that are in line with how things work in India.   Dr Sabine Kapasi, CEO at Enira Consulting; Founder of ROPAN Healthcare and UN advisor ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27199/solving-medical-inflation-why-the-tpa-model-must-evolve.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27199/solving-medical-inflation-why-the-tpa-model-must-evolve.html Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0530 India’s healthcare industry is undergoing a remarkable transformation. Projected to be valued at approximately $638 billion by 2025, it remains one of the fastest-growing sectors in the country, fuelled by rising income levels, increased health awareness, and expanding insurance coverage. Yet, despite this impressive growth, the gap between access and affordability continues to widen. Medical inflation in India is rising at an annual rate of 12 to 14 percent, pushing many families into the agonising position of choosing between essential healthcare and financial security. This strain is becoming increasingly visible. Insurance premiums are rising, driven by growing out-of-pocket expenses, costly pharmaceuticals, increasing operational expenses in hospitals, and the introduction of new technologies and rising professional fees. As the economics of healthcare evolves, there is a pressing need for smarter, more transparent systems that empower consumers to make informed and strategic choices. Individuals must be able to evaluate health plans more effectively by considering deductibles, long-term needs, family floater options, and policy comparisons. Leveraging preventive care and choosing providers from a robust cashless network can significantly enhance cost efficiency. This is where third-party administrators (TPAs) are stepping in, not merely as intermediaries but as enablers of affordable, value-driven healthcare. The future of healthcare financing and delivery must be powered by technology and intelligence. The role of TPAs has already evolved well beyond claims processing. Today, TPAs are simplifying complex processes, reducing costs, and creating tangible value across the healthcare ecosystem for insurers, corporates, hospitals, and most importantly, policyholders. Over the past few years, several high-impact innovations have redefined the TPA model. These include AI-led fraud detection, real-time cost prediction, automated claims workflows, and data-driven hospital network design. Such innovations are not just theoretical; they have helped partners reduce healthcare inflation to as low as 5 percent, well below national averages, delivering meaningful savings to both insurers and individuals. One of the most effective strategies has been smart network optimisation. By analysing cost-effective hospitals and procedures through AI-powered analytics, TPAs are helping steer members towards high-quality, affordable treatment options. At the same time, they support insurers in better managing claim payouts. These insights also enable more effective negotiations with hospitals, reducing claim sizes and ensuring better rates for all stakeholders. Insurance fraud remains another persistent challenge, one that modern TPAs are tackling head-on. Advanced machine learning models are helping detect anomalies such as inflated bills or unnecessary treatments before they translate into payouts. In some cases, fraud detection rates have improved by over 60 percent year-on-year. This is a crucial development that protects honest policyholders and reinforces fairness in the system. Efficiency is another critical pillar. With end-to-end digitisation of enrolments, pre-authorisation, discharges, and claims settlement, TPAs are drastically lowering turnaround times and administrative costs. One standout innovation is the real-time estimation of out-of-pocket expenses using AI-powered tools. These provide members with cost projections tailored to their specific plan and provider, eliminating ambiguity and helping them plan better. In addition to these capabilities, newer initiatives are taking a more human-first approach. Some TPAs now offer concierge-style services that assist members throughout their healthcare journey, from navigating hospitals to real-time resolution of policy queries and claims. These services combine the precision of technology with the empathy of personal support, making healthcare more accessible and less intimidating. India’s medical inflation challenge is complex but not insurmountable. As the industry scales, the focus must shift from volume to value, led by data-driven solutions that reduce costs while safeguarding care quality. TPAs are leading this shift by proving that healthcare can be transparent, cost-effective, and compassionate at the same time. At a time when millions of Indian households remain vulnerable to healthcare-related financial shocks, the role of TPAs has never been more important. They are no longer just claim processors. They are strategic partners helping individuals, insurers, and the broader ecosystem transition to a more equitable and efficient healthcare future.   Dr Vijay Sankaran, Chief Claims Officer at Medi Assist ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27142/minimising-the-impact-of-nipah-virus-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27142/minimising-the-impact-of-nipah-virus-in-india.html Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0530 India has taken a major step forward in its efforts to combat the Nipah virus (NiV), a deadly emerging infection globally. A new vaccine (ChAdOx NipahB vaccine) targeting this virus has recently entered Phase 2 clinical trials (taking place in Bangladesh) under collaborative forces of Pune-based Serum Institute of India, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in Norway, and the University of Oxford in the UK. With the virus causing sporadic but highly fatal outbreaks across South and Southeast Asia, this marks a significant moment in epidemic preparedness and vaccine innovation. Nipah virus is a deadly disease from the same viral family as measles, the paramyxoviruses, and is recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a research priority due to its pandemic potential. Thus, a vaccine is urgently needed as the disease can be fatal in up to 75% of cases. In 2025, a total of nine NiV outbreaks have been reported in Kerala State. Recent case numbers reported in Kerala State are consistent with trends observed in previous years and are therefore not entirely unexpected. However, they continue to highlight a localised risk associated with NiV in that area. As a result, the state has launched a critical sero-surveillance initiative aimed at uncovering hidden transmission pathways. A new testing kit, developed by the Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), is at the core of the effort, designed to detect Nipah antibodies in both humans and animals. The IAV team has developed innovative Nipah virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic the Nipah virus in appearance and behaviour but lack the genetic material necessary for replication, making them non-infectious and safe to handle in Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) laboratories. This allows researchers to safely study how the virus enters host cells. Once the precise entry mechanism of the Nipah virus is fully understood, the team plans to test various antiviral drugs that could prevent the virus from attaching to receptor cells. On the other hand, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has developed a technology i.e. a colorimetric RT-LAMP assay, for rapid detection of Nipah Virus and has invited expression of interest for its commercial production. The ICMR is also exploring collaboration with industry partners for manufacturing indigenously developed monoclonal antibodies for treating the deadly Nipah Virus. On the global stage, recent advancements in monoclonal antibodies, particularly hu1F5 and mAb92, show promise in treating Nipah virus infections, demonstrating effectiveness in animal models and paving the way for potential human clinical trials. While these advancements in monoclonal antibodies, antiviral drugs, and vaccine candidates are encouraging, substantial effort is still required by all stakeholders to provide a clear roadmap of tackling this infection with a pandemic potential.   Somya Jain, Freelancer  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27123/how-indias-healthcare-talent-powers-global-mobility-through-h-1b-pathways.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27123/how-indias-healthcare-talent-powers-global-mobility-through-h-1b-pathways.html Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530 The world doesn’t have a talent shortage. It has a mobility infrastructure problem. Global healthcare systems, particularly, grapple with unrelenting demand pressures. These include ageing populations in the West, rising chronic diseases everywhere, and chronic staffing shortages that domestic training pipelines simply cannot fill fast enough. Retention challenges compound the issue, leaving hospitals and clinics worldwide scrambling for reliable talent. Yet the pathways designed to bridge this gap, like the H-1B  visa, were architected for tech giants and corporate hiring, not the frontline clinical roles that define healthcare, creating a profound misalignment between supply, demand, and real-world needs. Healthcare offers the clearest lens on this systemic breakdown. Indian nurses, technologists, physiotherapists, and doctors now bolster hospital and community systems globally, filling irreplaceable gaps. In the US alone, over 32,000 Indian registered nurses represent about 6% of the immigrant nursing workforce, while more than 59,000 Indian doctors make up nearly a fifth of immigrant physicians. This tension is unsustainable. As dependence on India’s skilled workforce grows, mobility architecture must urgently evolve, prioritising fairness, transparency, and long-term sustainability to balance ethics with opportunity.   Where H1B Helps and Where It Needs Reform For many specialised healthcare workers, the H1B pathway has become a practical route to international opportunities. It enables skilled professionals to support systems that cannot meet staffing needs on their own. At the same time, the pathway carries structural limits. In fiscal year 2024–25, nearly 400,000 H-1 B petitions were approved, and 16,937 of them, or 4.2%, were for medical and health occupations. Half were for physicians and surgeons. Yet entry still depends on a lottery, employer obligations vary, and protections are inconsistent, leaving some professionals to navigate unclear contracts or relocation processes. These gaps underline why ethical mobility is now central to workforce planning. When recruitment involves hidden fees, vague commitments or restrictive terms, the process becomes extractive. Healthcare workers take on critical responsibility from the day they arrive and cannot be placed in roles that compromise safety or growth. Ethical mobility ensures transparency, predictable progression and clarity of rights.   The Problem of Devaluing Indian Professionals The problem isn’t skills—it’s visibility. Global healthcare systems still struggle to recognise the full breadth of Indian clinical capability, leading to systemic undervaluation of their adaptability, multi-role training, and rapid mastery of new protocols. Indian professionals excel in intensive environments, blending strong clinical grounding with empathy and communication skills that thrive in multicultural settings. They consistently upskill through certifications, reliably filling acute shortages in rural hospitals and community centres, and powering entire service lines. This misrecognition risks depleting a finite talent pool. Ethical mobility must address it, ensuring fair pathways that value India’s contributions while benefiting both origin and destination countries   The Need to Keep Indian Systems Sustainable Through Circular Mobility Ethical mobility isn’t protectionist. It’s how you keep systems sustainable. India graduates over 180,000 doctors annually, yet faces uneven distribution and persistent domestic shortages, even as global healthcare demand surges for its talent. Fair, transparent pathways promote circular mobility. This means that professionals gain international experience, skills, and earnings abroad, while open channels enable their return for reinvestment, knowledge transfer, and leadership roles that strengthen India’s own systems in the long run. AI-based systems can’t fix a broken mobility system, but they accurately reveal where it is broken. By mapping clinical experience, certifications, and training into globally recognised formats, AI ensures transparency in credential verification. It accelerates recruitment timelines from months to weeks, prevents fraud through secure, tamper-proof records, and enhances skills visibility, thereby preventing qualified Indian nurses and doctors from being undervalued or overlooked due to mismatched documentation.   A Better Way Forward for Global Healthcare Mobility Across the mobility ecosystem, common gaps show where reform is needed. Many experienced nurses and allied professionals find that their capabilities are not fully visible because their records do not match international formats. Employers want ethical recruitment but face slow credential checks and uneven guidance. Workers seek global exposure yet need assurance that their dignity, safety and growth will be protected. These realities point to transparency, reducing uncertainty for everyone. Clear contracts, structured relocation support and defined career pathways help professionals plan their progression abroad. Standardised skill validation ensures fair assessment across diverse training backgrounds. Recruitment fees should never fall on workers, and their right to move within legal boundaries should remain protected. When these principles are applied, trust builds, and mobility becomes stable for both destination countries and India’s workforce priorities.   Conclusion India has the potential to become the world’s most trusted source of healthcare talent, not merely because of scale, but because of the depth, adaptability, and resilience of its professionals. Countries such as the United States offer meaningful opportunities for clinical growth, exposure, and contribution in return. However, this exchange can only remain sustainable if mobility systems evolve. Healthcare professionals shoulder responsibility for patient lives from the moment they step into a clinical setting. Mobility pathways must reflect that responsibility - offering clarity, fairness, and protection alongside opportunity. Visa frameworks like the H-1B, and global mobility systems more broadly, need to prioritise transparency, skill recognition, and long-term workforce stability. The world does not need more migrant labour. It needs mobility systems that treat healthcare professionals with the same dignity they extend to their patients every day. If India helps shape global benchmarks for ethical healthcare mobility, the outcome benefits everyone - healthcare workers, destination systems, and the patients whose care depends on them.   Avinav Nigam, Founder and CEO of TERN Group   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27090/why-strategic-partnerships-are-the-future-of-pharma-growth-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27090/why-strategic-partnerships-are-the-future-of-pharma-growth-.html Thu, 18 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530 In today's fast-evolving pharmaceutical landscape, collaboration is now the new competitive advantage. Imagine a world where patients can gain access to lifesaving drugs in months, not years; this is no longer some endpoint but an ongoing reality powered by strategic partnerships that are rewriting the way the global pharma industry innovates, scales, and delivers. The driving force for speed, innovation, and resilience in drug manufacturing is no longer competition but collaboration. The global pharmaceutical market today has crossed the $1.5 trillion mark, driven by an increasing number of partnerships between large pharmaceutical players, biotech innovators, and technology disrupters. A Pfizer–BioNTech alliance during COVID-19 showed the world how partnerships can shrink timelines from ten years to less than one year and save millions of lives. This shift points to a new era where the ability of organizations to co-create, share risks, and innovate together is going to be the strongest form of competitive strength. The pharmaceutical industry is changing in a world where increasing R&D costs, restrictive regulations, and growing demand for personalized therapy require strategic collaboration-a proven solution to share expertise and mitigate risk while being agile with evolving regulations. Whether it be in the realm of research, manufacturing, or marketing, these alliances enable companies to diversify portfolios, enhance efficiency in operations, and reach markets faster. Drug development is not a solitary pursuit anymore; it's a networked process, powered by open innovation and shared resources. As the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development points out, R&D costs now top $2.6 billion for every approved drug, an order of magnitude larger than the early estimates. With AI-led discovery, cloud-based data platforms, and real-world evidence transforming healthcare, partnerships are the lifeblood of accelerated innovation and expanded access. In this increasingly interconnected environment, open collaboration is emerging as the true source of sustainable competitiveness. India's pharmaceutical industry is fundamentally a very strong example of partnership. Contributing almost 20% of total global generic exports and fulfilling more than 60% of global vaccine demand, India has emerged as a trusted global partner for both research and production on account of its strong R&D base and cost-efficient manufacturing capabilities. This is further reflected in various global collaborations led by the Serum Institute of India on vaccines and biosimilars. Backed by various government initiatives such as ‘Make in India’, the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, and the Pharma Vision 2047 roadmap, India is well on track to lead scientific and industrial collaboration across borders—exporting not just medicines, but trust and technological expertise. However, building truly effective partnerships is not always easy. Differences in corporate cultures, management styles, and governance processes regularly lead to friction. Intellectual property complications and multinational regulations can slow things down even further. It takes a meeting of the minds on objectives, openness in communication, thorough due diligence, and mutually rewarding structures. In other words, the success of any partnership is as much a function of the relationship strategy as the business strategy itself. Collaboration will be the defining growth multiplier in the future of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. Strategic partnerships unleash the power of innovation and maximize resources while extending the reach of life-saving therapies. Within a context where the boundaries between pharma, biotech, and digital health continue to blur, those who build adaptive, trust-based ecosystems will be the ones writing the next chapter of healthcare evolution. Collaboration is no longer optional; it is the bedrock of a more resilient, more equitable, and more innovative pharmaceutical world.   Bhavin Mukund Mehta, Whole-Time Director, Kilitch Drugs Limited & Vice-Chairman, Pharmexcil  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27047/biomanufacturing-2-0-indias-opportunity-to-lead-through-frugal-innovation-and-bioe3-driven-scale-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27047/biomanufacturing-2-0-indias-opportunity-to-lead-through-frugal-innovation-and-bioe3-driven-scale-.html Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Biomanufacturing has moved from a background capability to a global strategic priority. The COVID-19 pandemic made that unambiguously clear. The race for vaccines and raw materials exposed how fragile even the strongest supply chains were. It also showed that local biomanufacturing strength can alter global outcomes. Few countries have internalised this lesson as quickly or as decisively as India. India’s leap into the global bioeconomy India today supplies nearly 60 percent of the world’s vaccines by volume. The country also exports biopharmaceuticals, enzymes, and fermentation products ranking India among top global producers. India’s bioeconomy has expanded from roughly $10 billion in 2014 to an estimated $165–170 billion in 2024, growing at approximately 18 percent in the last 4 years and now contributing over 4 percent to national GDP. This transformation not only reflects a conducive policy environment, but also a rapidly maturing innovation ecosystem. And the economic effects are tangible: stronger supply chains, import substitution for critical intermediates and raw materials, and billions saved annually. Much of this momentum in efficiency and scale can be attributed to the last decade. What has changed? The shift: Biomanufacturing 1.0 versus 2.0 Traditional biomanufacturing was built around large, fixed installations. These plants required enormous capital investment, took years to construct, and relied predominantly on microbial fermentation or mammalian cell systems housed in heavy stainless-steel infrastructure. While this model worked, it was slow, capital-intensive, and inflexible. Water consumption, power requirements, and waste generation ran high and the ability to pivot quickly during crises was limited. Biomanufacturing 2.0 is different in almost every dimension. It's built around faster design cycles, modular bioreactors, distributed facilities, and digital tools that eliminate months of trial-and-error. AI modeling, automation, and real-time monitoring make it possible to adjust processes dynamically without lengthy validation cycles. The entire system becomes lighter, faster, and substantially less environmentally burdensome. This is exactly the kind of shift where India has natural advantages. The country's cost structure, engineering culture, and demonstrated ability to innovate under constraint align perfectly with this new paradigm. India's long-standing ability to "do more with less" is being re-expressed in this next generation of biomanufacturing. When markets and governments push in the same direction Frugal innovation has been part of India’s DNA. Whether it’s space tech like Chandrayaan-3 or digital infrastructure like UPI, when industry and government efforts align, we can achieve much efficiency at scale. For Biomanufacturing 2.0, the BioE3 policy is a major catalyst. Launched in 2023, BioE3 has the ambitious aim of making India achieve a US $300 billion bioeconomy by 2030, with focus on advanced fermentation, distributed manufacturing, and precision bioprocessing. The BioE3 advanced biomanufacturing hubs are providing startups and mid-size innovators access to equipment and facilities they normally cannot afford, from omics tools to digital systems, from analytics labs to pilot-reactor spaces. For large businesses, BioE3 means an environment where practices and expectations can get aligned earlier in the development cycle, especially around quality, data, and regulatory requirements. Thanks to this push from the Centre, companies are building modular bioreactors with reduced capex,  deploying continuous fermentation systems that cut energy consumption and operating pilot lines with that shorten scale-up timelines by several months. India is also developing strain-design platforms, AI-driven process-control systems, and micro-biomanufacturing networks for food, feed and materials. These are the early signals of a system that is learning to innovate at scale. The strategic imperative ahead The coming decade will show how well India converts this momentum into long-term leadership. Between 2025 and 2027, the focus must be on fully activating the BioE3 hubs, improving supply chains for raw materials, intermediates and equipment, ultimately reducing our dependence on imports. As we move into the following years, the integration of AI-driven optimisation, automated control systems, and the blending of biomanufacturing will define the country’s competitiveness. After 2030, as more countries tie trade access to sustainability metrics and environmental performance, India will have the chance to export not only products but entire manufacturing services that are designed for frugal, compliant, and environmentally mindful production. Natural advantage + competitive advantage = global leadership: In addition to policy, India’s biodiversity, climate, and broad base of natural flora and fauna are a huge advantage for research and for developing new biological processes. These are strengths that many countries are now trying to rebuild or compensate for. Power, labour, land, all of these are far cheaper than in Western markets. A large-scale fermentation facility costs 25–30 percent less to operate in India than in North America or Europe. This difference lets teams experiment without burning money at the same speed as their global competitors. An unintended effect of the pandemic is also the transformation in investor’s mindset. Those who previously avoided manufacturing now actively look for opportunities in bioprocessing, deep tech, and advanced production. They understand that biology-based solutions are not just another industry; they are the base for healthcare resilience, food security, and sustainable materials. Today, investors are backing companies from seed stage all the way up to growth rounds, something that was rare even five years ago. The next decade of global biomanufacturing will be defined by a single question: Can the world do more with less? Fewer resources, lower costs, smaller environmental footprints, faster development cycles, greater resilience. If there is one country that has repeatedly shown this is possible, it's India. The foundational elements are in place: a growing bioeconomy, supportive policy frameworks, proven cost advantages, and a track record of frugal innovation. The infrastructure is being built. The talent pipeline is expanding. Investment momentum is real and accelerating. What remains is strategic clarity. What kind of biomanufacturing system does India need to build to stay competitive in a world moving at digital speed? The answer to that question will determine whether India becomes not just a supplier, but the global center of gravity for next-generation biomanufacturing. Environmental necessity, proven operational advantages, and rising global demand have converged to create an opportunity that India is uniquely positioned to seize.   Ankit Alok Bagaria, CEO & Co-Founder at Loopworm ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27025/the-guardians-of-self-from-nobel-medicine-to-immune-engineering.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27025/the-guardians-of-self-from-nobel-medicine-to-immune-engineering.html Tue, 02 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Immunologists spent the better part of eighty years puzzling over something odd. We each carry an enormous variety of antibodies and T-cell receptors, and plenty of these could, at least in theory, turn on our own tissues. The strange part is they mostly don't. It comes down to a classification problem. Under uncertainty, how does the body figure out what's friendly versus hostile? And having made that call, how aggressively should it respond? These aren't easy questions. You see the classification problem everywhere now. Email filters trying to catch scams without losing legitimate messages. Smoke detectors that need to ignore burnt toast. Airport scanners, fraud detection at banks, autonomous vehicles deciding what's a pedestrian and what's a plastic bag. None of this is straightforward. And it's more or less what regulatory T cells have to do inside the body. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska announced the 2025 Physiology or Medicine prize in October. It went to Mary E. Brunkow at the Institute for Systems Biology, Fred Ramsdell at Sonoma Biotherapeutics, and Shimon Sakaguchi at Osaka University. What they figured out, collectively, was how the immune system knows when to stop: regulatory T cells (T-regs) controlled by a gene called FOXP3. Brunkow's group at Celltech, back in the late 1990s, spent long nights chasing a lethal autoimmune problem in mice. Marker maps, gels that nearly worked, the usual grind. Eventually they landed on FOXP3. It turned out to be the switch that makes ordinary T cells into regulators. Paediatricians later encountered the same gene when children presented with IPEX syndrome. But Ramsdell was the connector. He saw FOXP3 as one leg of a relay: mouse genetics handing off to human genetics, then cell therapy, then manufacturing. He likes to say science moves when you make room for whoever comes next. On the other hand, Sakaguchi took a different path. He'd been interested in "suppressor T cells," which had fallen out of favour in the 1970s. Most researchers had moved on. He stuck with it, rebuilt the evidence more carefully, and eventually linked CD4+CD25+ cells to FOXP3. Someone once asked him why he kept coming back to the same question. He said the answer keeps helping patients, a little more each year. The evidence, once it came together, was hard to dismiss. Mice with FOXP3 mutations got sick. Give them working copies and they recovered. Humans with mutations in the same gene developed IPEX. Gene, function, mechanism: it all lined up. Immune tolerance isn't one checkpoint. It's layered. The thymus handles the first pass, weeding out T cells that react too strongly to self. But that's not the whole system. Out in the blood and tissues, FOXP3+ T-regs keep watch, reading context and tamping down whatever self-reactivity slipped through earlier. You get deletion where certainty is high, active regulation where it isn't. When T-regs don't work properly, you see more autoimmune disease: type 1 diabetes, MS, inflammatory bowel conditions. When they function well, inflammation clears up and tissues heal without as much collateral damage. During pregnancy, T-regs help tolerate the foetus. Tumours, unfortunately, have learned to recruit them to dampen immune pressure, which is something newer therapies are trying to undo. The gut is a good example of all this in action: constant exposure to foreign material, mostly harmless, with T-regs keeping things peaceful while still watching for genuine threats. Once researchers understood the circuitry, engineering became feasible. CAR-T-regs (chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cells) can be designed to hit specific targets with a light touch. Protect a transplant without shutting down the whole immune system. Or quell autoimmunity while leaving host defence intact. There's also a pharmacological route: nanoparticles loaded with FOXP3 mRNA, or localised cytokine delivery. Computational tools are changing how this work gets done. Deep-learning models try to predict where engineered cells will end up and how stable they'll be. Simulations map out antigen-cell-tissue interactions before anyone gets dosed. Some groups build "digital twins" of patients, feeding in lab results and imaging to test dosing strategies in silico first. Is one big infusion better, or several smaller ones? You can model it. Tigran Petrosian once said he tries to avoid chance, that those who rely on it should play roulette, not chess. That's the idea behind all this modelling. Take the gamble out of it. Researchers run simulations to see whether receptors might cross-react with the wrong peptides, checking against each patient's HLA profile. Safety switches get tested across thousands of hypothetical inflammatory situations. In cancer treatment, the models help figure out when to reduce T-reg activity locally (so the immune system can attack the tumour) without wrecking tolerance elsewhere. Humans can oversee this kind of decision, but actually computing it by hand? Not really possible. The goal now is making this personal. Match the cell type to the patient, get manufacturing reliable, catch problems before they happen. Whether that takes five years or fifteen, nobody knows. But the groundwork is there.   Saurabh Singal, CEO & Founder of Molecule AI ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/27021/move-without-worry-using-a-knee-cap-for-pain-relief.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/27021/move-without-worry-using-a-knee-cap-for-pain-relief.html Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Knee pain can turn everyday activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or enjoying moments with loved ones into uncomfortable experiences. A knee cap provides gentle support and stability, easing pressure and reducing discomfort. It helps your knees feel cared for while making each step smoother and movement more comfortable. With the right knee cap for pain relief, you can stay active, enjoy your daily routines, and move through your day without hesitation. Taking care of your knees allows you to live fully, feel secure with every step, and experience the comfort and ease of healthy, supported movement every single day.   Understanding the Role of a Knee Cap for Pain Relief A knee cap for pain relief is designed to provide gentle compression, stability, and support to the knee joint. It helps in reducing inflammation, alleviating pain, and improving circulation in the area. By stabilizing the knee, the cap reduces the strain on muscles and ligaments, which allows for smoother and more controlled movements. People recovering from injuries or managing chronic knee conditions often find a knee cap to be a simple yet effective aid in daily life. They are lightweight, adjustable, and easy to wear, making them suitable for both active individuals and those needing everyday support. By offering targeted support, a knee cap for pain relief ensures that users can maintain an active lifestyle without constantly worrying about exacerbating pain or injury.   Key Benefits of Using a Knee Cap A knee cap helps you move freely, stay active, and protect your joints from further strain. Here are the key benefits of using a knee cap:   Pain Reduction: The primary purpose of a knee cap is to alleviate discomfort caused by knee problems. Compression around the joint can reduce swelling and inflammation, providing instant relief. Enhanced Stability: For those who experience weakness or instability in the knee, a knee cap provides external support. This helps prevent sudden twists or movements that could worsen the condition. Improved Mobility: With reduced pain and better stability, users can move more freely. This includes everyday tasks like walking, climbing stairs, or light exercise, making life more comfortable and active. Faster Recovery: Post-injury or surgery, a knee cap can aid in faster recovery by minimizing unnecessary strain and supporting proper alignment of the joint. Preventative Care: Even for those without current knee problems, using a knee cap during high-impact activities like running or hiking can prevent injuries and maintain knee health.     Who Can Benefit from a Knee Cap? A knee cap can help a diverse range of individuals, including:   Athletes: Those involved in sports like basketball, running, or tennis may face knee strain or injuries. A knee cap can offer support and help maintain performance. Older Adults: Age-related wear and tear can lead to conditions like arthritis. A knee cap helps reduce discomfort and supports joint function. Individuals with Injuries: Post-surgery recovery or injuries like ligament tears can be supported with a knee cap to reduce stress on the joint. Active Professionals: People who spend long hours standing or walking can benefit from the added support a knee cap provides.     How to Choose the Right Knee Cap for Pain Relief Selecting the right knee cap for pain relief is essential for comfort and effectiveness. Here are some factors to consider:   Material: Look for breathable, flexible materials that provide adequate compression without irritating. Fit: A knee cap should fit snugly but not be overly tight. Adjustable straps or sleeves can help achieve the perfect fit. Purpose: Identify if your need is mild discomfort, chronic pain, or post-injury recovery. Different knee caps are designed to address specific needs. Durability: Choose a product that can withstand daily wear, especially if it will be used during sports or work.     Tips for Using a Knee Cap for Pain Relief To get the maximum benefit from a knee cap for pain relief, follow these tips: Wear Consistently: Regular use, particularly during activities that strain the knee, helps maintain steady support.  Combine with Exercise: Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises complement the support provided by a knee cap. For activities that involve repetitive hand or wrist movements, using a wrist support brace can further enhance your overall stability. Check Fit Frequently: Over time, the knee cap may loosen. Ensure it maintains proper compression for effective relief.   Caring for Your Knee Cap Maintaining your knee cap for pain relief is simple but important: Wash regularly to keep it hygienic. Store in a cool, dry place when not in use. Inspect periodically for wear and tear, replacing if necessary. A well-maintained knee cap ensures long-term effectiveness and comfort.   Experience Each Step with Comfort Knee pain should not dictate your lifestyle. With a knee cap, you can move freely and participate in activities that bring joy and fulfillment. It stabilizes the joint and promotes faster recovery. When used alongside overall physical wellness routines and, if necessary, a wrist support brace, a knee cap can greatly help in maintaining an active and worry-free lifestyle. Healthcare and wellness solution providers like AGEasy encourage the use of supportive aids like these to move more easily and pain-free. By choosing the right knee cap, wearing it consistently, and taking care of your overall joint health, you can enjoy everyday movements without fear. Move without worry and experience each step with comfort.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27018/world-aids-day-2025-the-progress-the-gaps-and-the-road-ahead-for-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/27018/world-aids-day-2025-the-progress-the-gaps-and-the-road-ahead-for-india.html Sat, 29 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0530 United Nation estimate 40.8 million persons are living with HIV globally and among them 25,44,000 are in India. In the year 2024 alone 1.3 million new infections worldwide and India has reported 68,450 newly infected persons with HIV. Today with the availability of potent Antiretroviral therapy, persons with HIV who have access to these medications never fall sick of AIDS anymore. Research has shown, the Life expectancy of HIV infected persons who are receiving Antiretroviral therapy and virologically suppressed are almost like persons who don’t have HIV. This was possible due to the scientific discoveries of several antiretroviral medications which are given in combination to persons with HIV. Improving Quality of Life for Patients From a patient perspective, this progress translates to a radically improved quality of life. Individuals living with HIV can now work, travel, start families, and plan long-term goals—benefits unimaginable two decades ago. Access to counselling, adherence support, and regular follow-up care further empowers patients to stay healthy and socially integrated. There are still no vaccines to prevent HIV infection, but the introduction of a long-acting injectable antiviral medicine has opened new possibilities for HIV prevention. When used as part of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), this innovation offers a promising new avenue to reduce new infections—an important milestone in the absence of a cure. Progress and Persistent Gaps in the Treatment UNAIDS report shows that at the end of 2025, just before a collapse in global funding triggered a crisis in the global AIDS response, the remarkable efforts of communities and governments had brought down the numbers of new HIV infections by 40% and of AIDS-related deaths by 56% since 2010. But it also shows that huge gaps in HIV prevention remained, with 1.3 million new infections in 2024— almost unchanged from the year before. More than 95% of funding for HIV treatment and prevention in India are supported by Govt of India. 92% of the antiretroviral medications prescribed globally are supplied by Indian generic manufacturers and this is laudable. India is yet to implement pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP) through the National program, which is a gap. Efforts should be made along with political to implement PrEP in India to have Zero new infections. The consensus behind the old model of financing the HIV response may be coming to an end, but the international community is forging a new, more sustainable path. It is time even lower- and middle-income countries take ownership to support the HIV prevention and treatment efforts along with their health care programs rather than depending on international assistance. Twenty-five of the 60 low- and middle-income countries have found ways to increase HIV spending from domestic resources into 2026 as shown in the UNAIDS report. This is the future of the HIV response— nationally owned and led, sustainable, inclusive and multisectoral. This transformation cannot happen overnight, however Global solidarity and renewed commitment from funding partners will be needed as countries plan and lead sustainable transitions towards self-financing. India has done this well and can lead the global efforts. The Path to Ending AIDS as a Public Health Threat The HIV response has already saved 26.9 million lives worldwide. With an HIV prevention revolution, we could end AIDS as a public health threat, saving many more lives as per UNAIDS. And it could be better value for money too: UNAIDS estimates that if the world including India embraces new technologies and newer interventions, the annual cost of the HIV response could fall by around $7 billion globally.   Dr N Kumarasamy, Vice President, AIDS Society of India & Chief and Director, VHS Infectious Diseases Medical Centre Voluntary Health Services, Chennai   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26962/the-future-of-human-and-ai-collaboration-in-medicine.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26962/the-future-of-human-and-ai-collaboration-in-medicine.html Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0530 There's a fear lurking in hospitals and clinics across the world. One hears whispers that artificial intelligence will replace doctors, rendering decades of medical training obsolete. However, this fear misses the actual story unfolding in leading healthcare institutions today. The real narrative is far more interesting, as AI and physicians are learning to work together in ways that make both sides stronger. In 2025, any major hospital offers countless examples of this collaboration in action. A radiologist reviews AI-flagged anomalies on a chest X-ray before finalizing her diagnosis. An emergency physician receives an early warning that a patient’s condition is deteriorating, gaining crucial minutes to intervene. An admissions clerk spends less time on paperwork because an AI system automates repetitive documentation. None of these professionals view themselves as replaced. Instead, they have gained something invaluable: more time and better information. When researchers at Stanford and MIT compared how radiologists performed with and without AI assistance, the results were clear. Doctors working alongside AI achieved higher accuracy rates than either working alone. That's not competition between humans and machines. That's augmentation. That's what happens when you combine human judgment with machine precision. Consider Kaiser Permanente, one of America's largest integrated health systems. The organization has developed an early warning system that continuously monitors patient vital signs and lab work, predicting which patients might crash before it happens. The system caught deteriorating patients and alerted medical teams early enough to prevent adverse events. The result? Around 500 lives are saved per year, and a 10% reduction in readmissions. Here is the catch: it’s the medical professionals who interpret the AI’s warnings and act on them. The technology processes data; the clinicians make decisions. A similar model exists at the Mayo Clinic, where collaboration with Google has produced an AI tool that analyzes patient records, genetic data, and the latest medical literature to suggest personalized cancer therapies. Patients receiving AI-informed treatments showed higher response rates than those on standard regimens. Still, it is the oncologist who discusses the options, contextualizes the recommendations, and ensures that each decision aligns with the patient’s needs and values. What makes this collaboration particularly powerful is that AI lightens the administrative load that drains the doctors’ energy. Physicians spend roughly a quarter of their workday on administrative tasks. Kaiser deployed AI that listens to patient visits and automatically generates clinical notes. In its first year, the system handled 2.5 million encounters and saved doctors nearly 16,000 hours of typing. More importantly, it changed how those doctors felt about their jobs and redirected their attention towards patients instead of the screen. This is the unglamorous truth about healthcare AI that doesn't make headlines. It's not about brilliant machines making diagnosis-changing discoveries. It's about taking the repetitive drudgery out of medicine so doctors can actually practice medicine. Effective collaboration follows a clear pattern. Certain tasks, once reliability thresholds are met, can be fully automated, such as routine monitoring, documentation, and data analysis. Other responsibilities benefit from human oversight, particularly in diagnostic decision-making, where AI presents possibilities and physicians apply clinical context. And some moments in medicine remain inherently human by offering empathy, delivering difficult news, and building trust. The most effective healthcare AI projects share critical traits. They begin with well-defined clinical challenges, invite doctors into the design process, and prioritise measurable improvements in patient care. Importantly, they keep physicians in control, ensuring algorithms offer support, not unchecked authority. The challenges are real, though. Healthcare institutions worry about data security and whether algorithms trained on diverse populations actually work well for their specific patient populations. They grapple with questions about accountability. If an AI system makes a wrong recommendation, who bears responsibility? The answer remains clear: the doctor does. That's why training healthcare professionals to work effectively with AI matters as much as developing the AI itself. Some healthcare leaders describe this as moving from "artificial intelligence" to "augmented intelligence." The distinction matters. One is a machine that thinks. The other is a tool that helps humans think better. In medicine, the second definition is what actually works. Looking ahead, this synergy will only deepen. AI will become even better at spotting hidden patterns, enabling doctors to deliver more targeted treatments and easing the day-to-day drudgery of healthcare. Yet the fundamentals remain unchanged: physicians will always be the guardians of patient care and the stewards of ethical decision-making. AI, for all its advances, will be the enabler, not the replacement. The future of healthcare isn’t a contest between humans and machines. It is a collaboration, each side elevating the other in the shared mission to heal.   Ayush Jain, CEO and Co-founder of Mindbowser ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26908/the-economic-toll-of-heart-disease-why-india-cant-afford-to-ignore-cardiovascular-health.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26908/the-economic-toll-of-heart-disease-why-india-cant-afford-to-ignore-cardiovascular-health.html Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Heart diseases remain a major health crisis in India in 2025, accounting for around 33% of deaths and significantly impacting the younger population. India's public health story, commonly presented as a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, essentially downplays the systemic threat posed by Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in general. In addition to a health emergency, Cardio Vascular Diseases poses as a enormous, ongoing capital drain, strategically depleting India's human capital stock and levying a structural tax on its macroeconomic potential. A closer, more technical analysis shows that the Indian epidemic is defined by a distinct pathophysiology that worsens its economic toll. The "Asian Indian Phenotype" is characterized by a group of atherogenic traits, such as a dyslipidemia that is rich in high ApoB/ApoA1 ratios and elevated lipoprotein (a) levels, which creates a more thrombogenic and inflammatory environment than what is reflected in conventional cholesterol assessments. This genetic vulnerability, overlaid with a very high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, results in rapid endothelial dysfunction and premature, diffuse atherosclerosis. This biological fact appears as Premature Coronary Artery Disease, in which myocardial infarctions in men less than 50 years old are not exceptions but rather an epidemic trend, thus putting the economic burden squarely onto the most productive portion of the lifespan and exacerbating the resulting productivity loss. The economic conduits of this crisis reach much deeper than shallow calculations of hospital and doctor fees. The direct expenditures are characterized by their procedural intensity, driven by high-tech procedures such as drug-eluting stents, advanced fractional flow reserve imaging, and cardiac resynchronization therapy. This "cascade of care" produces an insistent capital cost for households and the state alike, wherein each rupee spent on tertiary reactive treatment is a rupee taken from high-return preventive investment in primary care, which generates a negative feedback loop for the entire health system. At the same time, the indirect losses are a deep depletion of human capital. Absenteeism can be seen, but the more subtle cost is presenteeism, as workers or employees with chronic heart disease experience impaired cognitive function from fatigue, medication side effects, or low-grade ischemia, resulting in diminished innovation and compromised decision-making at the firm level. Moreover, the intergenerational impact is severe; the financial catastrophe of a cardiac event often forces families to remove funds from next generation's education, creating a human capital debt that perpetuates cycles of poverty and compounds over decades. At a macroeconomic level, this drain operates as a structural constraint to growth. Disastrous health spending reduces household savings, lowering the national rate of savings and directly constraining the available capital for domestic investment. For firms, the cost falls in the form of high health insurance costs and hidden retraining and lost institutional expertise costs. The greatest cost, though, is the net present value of future income foregone due to premature death. The loss of a productive 40-45-year-old is the economy writing off the discounted value of their future productivity for the next two decades, an enormous devaluation of the country's human capital resource. To treat this fiscal infarction requires a technocratic paradigm shift from treatment to the creation of systemic resilience. This requires transcending superficial awareness to precision public health, utilizing India's IT strength to create risk stratification models combining genetic information and biometrics for effective, cost-reducing intervention. To fortify primary care means retooling Ayushman Bharat centres as algorithmic first responders, institutionalizing systematic CV risk scoring, and task-shifting for protocol-guided management of hypertension. Policy should also go beyond sin taxes and incorporate evidence-based Front-of-Pack Warning Labels and public procurement policies requiring heart-healthy standards in institutions, building a strong demand signal for the food industry to make reformulations. Finally, a strategic war against CVD is a fiscal imperative. The disease is a persistent "reverse sovereign fund," draining the country's most valuable resource. An investment in a state-of-the-art, prevention-oriented cardiovascular strategy is thus, an indispensable investment in national infrastructure, without which India cannot ensure its economic sovereignty and demographic destiny.   Dr Basavaraj Utagi, Senior Consultant- Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Cunningham Road, Bengaluru ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26922/significant-advantages-of-stem-cell-biobanks.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26922/significant-advantages-of-stem-cell-biobanks.html Mon, 03 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0530 India’s first Animal Stem Cell Biobank was inaugurated in August 2025 at the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, marking a pioneering step that places the nation on the global map of animal biotechnology. Designed to preserve and provide high-quality stem cells from diverse animal species, the biobank will accelerate research in regenerative veterinary medicine, cultivated meat, disease modelling, and biodiversity preservation. Due to their potential to differentiate into multiple forms of cells, stem cells allow for a unique way to study cellular processes, tissue regeneration, and genetic disease. In being able to preserve a consistent and reliable source of stem cell lines, researchers will be able to investigate therapies that not only enhance animal health but also generate viable substitutes to traditional production agriculture. One such example is cultivated meat production. With global demand for protein rising, stem cell biobanks make it possible to grow animal-derived meat in laboratory conditions without the need for large-scale animal rearing. This initiative welcomes India as it joins countries that have established similar repositories with proven success. For instance, the RIKEN Cell Bank in Japan and the Roslin Institute in the UK have been well-equipped with cell lines of animals for the studies of diseases and gene-editing research for a long time, thus proving the trustworthiness and reliability of the cells as the basis of major innovations like the creation of lab-grown meat and the lessening of animal testing in drug ‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌discovery. Globally, stem cell biobanks are already demonstrating significant advantages. In the United States and Singapore, these cell banks have been vital to the cultivated meat industry, assisting researchers in growing genuine animal tissue in the lab, which helps lessen the environmental and ethical issues linked to livestock farming. In Europe, advancements in veterinary stem cell research are leading to better regenerative therapies for horses and dogs, which improves their recovery rates and lowers euthanasia numbers. India’s facility has the potential to replicate and broaden these benefits across its agricultural and veterinary sectors. Indubitably, setting up this biobank goes beyond India’s position as a leader in scientific tech innovation and a prime example of how biotech could contribute to sustainability. The biobank reduces the need for live-animal experiments, thus, aligning with global ethical principles of research. Additionally, the availability of stem cells from native breeds will allow India to have a genetically diverse pool for the next phase of industrial-agricultural development. The path forward is integration, involving universities, veterinary hospitals and private biotech firms in a rich, collaborative ecosystem. Broader partnerships with international cell repositories can help standardize data and protocols for global compatibility. Over time, India’s Animal Stem Cell Biobank could grow from a national resource into a regional hub for innovation, advancing sustainable food systems and next‑generation veterinary medicine across Asia.   Somya Jain, Freelancer    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26823/bridging-the-healthcare-gap-how-technology-is-transforming-access-and-fulfilment.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26823/bridging-the-healthcare-gap-how-technology-is-transforming-access-and-fulfilment.html Tue, 21 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Healthcare access has long been a challenge in India, particularly in rural and underserved urban areas. Despite significant progress in recent years, large segments of the population still struggle to receive timely and reliable care. Issues such as infrastructure gaps, shortages of qualified doctors, and fragmented service delivery create barriers to effective treatment. Technology, however, is emerging as a powerful force that can bridge these gaps, enabling greater reach, accessibility, and efficiency in the way healthcare is delivered.   The Healthcare Access Challenge Access to healthcare in India remains uneven, especially in rural areas where patients often travel long distances and face limited specialist availability. According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2022), India has a doctor-to-population ratio of 1:834, better than the World Health Organisation’s standard of 1:1000. However, most doctors are concentrated in urban centres, leaving rural populations underserved. The gap is sharper at the community level, with an 80% shortfall of specialists at Community Health Centres (CHCs), resulting in delays in diagnosis and treatment. Financial barriers compound these challenges. The National Health Accounts 2021–22 show that out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) accounted for 39.4% of total health spending. This remains a heavy burden for households and often discourages timely or preventive care, deepening the healthcare gap.   Technology’s Role in Bridging the Gap Digital health tools are steadily reshaping the way people access care in India. Online consultation has emerged as one of the most impactful solutions, enabling patients to consult doctors and specialists without the time and expense of travel. Remote diagnostics, portable devices, and at-home test kits support early detection and monitoring of chronic conditions more effectively. Similarly, e-pharmacy platforms have eased the challenge of medicine access. People living in remote or semi-urban areas can now order medicines online and have them delivered to their doorstep, reducing reliance on distant or poorly stocked local pharmacies. Meanwhile, AI-driven triage systems, such as chatbots and symptom checkers, are providing patients with initial guidance on their health concerns. These tools help individuals decide whether their condition requires urgent medical attention or if a routine consultation would suffice. Together, these technologies are breaking down barriers of geography and infrastructure, making healthcare more accessible, timely, and reliable for millions of people across the country.   Government and Policy Push for Digital Healthcare Policy support has been crucial in driving digital healthcare adoption in India. The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) is building a nationwide digital backbone through unique health IDs, registries, and interoperable records, enabling more connected and consistent care. Complementing this, the National Digital Health Blueprint lays the foundation for a federated, patient-centric system. The release of Telemedicine Practice Guidelines in 2020 gave doctors a clear legal framework for remote consultations, accelerating telehealth adoption during the pandemic and beyond. At the primary care level, over 1.78 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandirs are now operational across the country, expanding essential frontline services and serving as gateways for digital healthcare. Collectively, these initiatives are creating the right conditions for collaboration between government, private providers, and technology companies.   Benefits of Technology-Enabled Healthcare Access The benefits of digital healthcare are already evident. Patients in remote regions can consult specialists without travel, access medicines and diagnostics at home, and manage chronic conditions with virtual follow-ups and reminders. Doctors, in turn, make more informed decisions using electronic health records and data insights. Integrated digital platforms that combine consultations, tests, medicines, and payments are simplifying the care journey, while insurance and cashless options are reducing financial barriers. Together, these advances are making healthcare more consistent, efficient, and within easier reach for communities across India.   Conclusion Technology is playing an increasingly important role in improving healthcare access in India, but the journey is far from complete. Policymakers, healthcare providers, insurers, and technology companies will need to work together to build solutions that are inclusive, sustainable, and easy to use. With sustained effort, India can move towards a future where quality care is within reach for all.   Enbasekar D, Co-Founder and CTO, MediBuddy ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26813/which-is-the-best-fertility-hospital-in-bangalore-for-pcos-treatment-and-ivf-success.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26813/which-is-the-best-fertility-hospital-in-bangalore-for-pcos-treatment-and-ivf-success.html Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530 However, for some couples, fertility problems can make this path more challenging. In many cases, hormonal conditions such as PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) make it harder to conceive naturally. Thankfully, medical science today offers advanced treatments, such as IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation), that can help couples overcome these challenges. If you’ve been wondering how to choose the best fertility hospital in Bangalore for PCOS and IVF treatment, here is everything that will help you understand what truly matters. Understanding the Link Between PCOS and Fertility Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, or PCOS, is one of the most common causes of infertility among women. It’s a hormonal condition that affects the way the ovaries function. Women with PCOS often experience irregular periods, excessive hair growth, weight gain, or acne, but one of the biggest concerns is irregular ovulation or no ovulation at all. Without regular ovulation, it becomes harder to conceive naturally. However, PCOS doesn’t mean infertility is permanent. With the proper medical support and lifestyle management, many women go on to have successful pregnancies. Treatments like ovulation induction and IVF have given thousands of couples new hope. The key is finding a fertility hospital that understands PCOS from every angle: hormonal, physical, and emotional. Why Bangalore Is a Preferred Destination for Fertility Treatment? Over the years, Bangalore has earned a strong reputation as one of India’s leading hubs for fertility and IVF care. The city is home to experienced reproductive specialists, advanced embryology labs, and research-driven approaches that bring higher success rates. Many fertility hospitals in Bangalore prioritise evidence-based treatment methods and ethical medical practices, enabling patients to feel confident and informed throughout their journey. In addition to its expertise, the city also offers comfort through easily accessible healthcare infrastructure and cost-effective treatment packages, making it a practical choice for couples from across India and abroad. What Makes the Best Fertility Hospital in Bangalore for PCOS and IVF Treatment? Choosing the right fertility hospital isn’t about popularity or advertising. It’s about finding a centre that offers personalised, transparent, and comprehensive care. Here are the factors that truly define the best fertility hospital in Bangalore: 1. Expertise of Specialists Look for hospitals with a strong team of reproductive endocrinologists, gynaecologists, embryologists, and counsellors. PCOS is a complex condition that affects hormones, metabolism, and ovulation. A multidisciplinary team ensures that every part of your treatment, from diagnosis to IVF, is handled with precision. 2. Personalised Treatment Plans Every woman’s PCOS journey is different. Some respond well to medication and lifestyle changes, while others may need assisted reproductive techniques like IVF. The best hospitals don’t follow a one-size-fits-all plan; they tailor treatments to your body’s response, hormone levels, and health goals. 3. World-Class IVF Laboratory The success of IVF largely depends on the quality of the embryology lab. A good hospital maintains controlled environments for embryo growth and utilises advanced tools, including time-lapse monitoring, ICSI, and laser-assisted hatching. These technologies increase the chances of successful fertilisation and implantation. 4. Transparency and Success Rates Hospitals that openly share their IVF success rates show integrity. Genuine hospitals explain how success rates vary depending on age, egg quality, and medical history, rather than promising unrealistic results. Transparency builds trust, which is essential when investing time, money, and hope. 5. Emotional and Psychological Support Fertility treatment can be emotionally exhausting. The best hospitals provide counselling sessions, stress management support, and a warm, patient-friendly atmosphere. Knowing that you’re cared for emotionally makes a big difference in how you experience your journey. Common Treatments for PCOS-Related Infertility Fertility hospitals in Bangalore usually begin with a detailed diagnosis that includes hormonal assessments, pelvic scans, and metabolic evaluations. Once the cause of infertility is clear, doctors design a step-by-step treatment plan. Typical approaches include: Lifestyle Management: Guidance on weight management, balanced nutrition, and regular exercise. Medication: Ovulation induction drugs to stimulate egg release. Laparoscopic Surgery: In some cases, ovarian drilling may help restore ovulation. IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation): When simpler methods don’t work, IVF becomes an effective solution. It involves egg retrieval, fertilisation in a lab, and embryo transfer into the uterus. Women with PCOS often respond well to IVF when their hormone levels are carefully managed. The process might seem overwhelming at first, but a supportive medical team makes it much easier to navigate. How to Evaluate a Fertility Hospital Before Choosing? Here are a few practical ways to find a hospital that’s right for you: Check the Doctor’s Experience: Ask about their success rate in treating PCOS-related infertility. Visit the Facility: Observe how staff communicate and whether the environment feels welcoming. Understand the Process: Ask about treatment options, duration, and expected outcomes. Discuss Costs Clearly: A good hospital will explain fees openly without hidden charges. Read Real Reviews: Look for patient stories that describe empathy, clear communication, and realistic expectations. Ask About Counselling: Mental health support is just as important as medical treatment. Choosing a fertility hospital is a personal decision, and taking time to research will help you feel more confident and prepared. How Technology Improves IVF Success? Modern fertility hospitals in Bangalore use advanced reproductive technologies that increase success rates while keeping the process safe. AI-based embryo selection, genetic testing (PGT), and time-lapse imaging enable doctors to identify the healthiest embryos, thereby reducing the risk of complications and improving outcomes. While technology is essential, it’s most effective when combined with human expertise. The best hospitals invest in technology to support, not replace, personalised care. Emotional and Lifestyle Support During Treatment Undergoing fertility treatment can stir up many emotions, from anxiety and self-doubt to hope and anticipation. PCOS adds another layer of hormonal fluctuation that can affect mood and energy levels. That’s why emotional and lifestyle support is essential. Simple changes, such as eating balanced meals, maintaining a regular sleep schedule, practising mindfulness, or joining support groups, can help you stay positive. The best hospitals encourage such holistic care because they understand that mental well-being has a direct impact on physical recovery and IVF success. Questions to Ask Before Starting Treatment When you meet a fertility specialist, don’t hesitate to ask questions like: What is your experience with PCOS and IVF patients? How do you personalise treatment based on hormone levels and cycle response? What’s your success rate for women in my age group? What technology do you use in your IVF lab? What support do you provide after an IVF cycle? How are costs structured, and what is included in the total? Being informed helps you feel in control of your journey. Conclusion Finding the best fertility hospital in Bangalore for PCOS treatment isn’t about chasing big names; it’s about choosing a place that values your trust and treats you as more than a case number. Look for a hospital that listens, guides, and supports you at every stage. PCOS may make conception challenging, but with the right medical team, patience, and care, success is absolutely possible. Every journey is unique, but the right hands can turn uncertainty into hope and hope into the beautiful possibility of life. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26788/the-impact-of-nutrition-on-breast-cancer-risk-foods-to-avoid-and-embrace.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26788/the-impact-of-nutrition-on-breast-cancer-risk-foods-to-avoid-and-embrace.html Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0530 While many causes of breast cancer are linked to factors we cannot change, like age, family history, or genetics, some lifestyle choices may reduce or increase risk. Among these, diet plays an important role. What we eat every day can influence our overall health, body weight, and in some cases, even cancer risk. Let’s discuss how diet fits in alongside other steps like regular screening and timely breast cancer treatment. Understanding the Importance of Diet Research shows that certain foods contain nutrients that may protect the body against cancer by reducing inflammation, strengthening the immune system, and preventing DNA damage. On the other hand, some eating habits, like consuming too much processed food or sugar, may contribute to obesity or hormone changes that increase the chance of developing cancer. It is important to remember that diet alone cannot prevent or cure cancer. However, it can be a strong support for healthy living and lower the risk of many diseases. Foods That May Help Reduce Breast Cancer Risk Leafy Green Vegetables Vegetables like spinach, kale, and mustard greens are full of vitamins, fibre, and antioxidants. These nutrients help protect cells from damage.  Cruciferous Vegetables Vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage are called cruciferous vegetables. They contain compounds that may slow the growth of cancer cells and help the body remove harmful substances. Citrus Fruits Fruits like oranges, lemons, and grapefruits are rich in vitamin C and antioxidants. These may protect the body from cell damage and support the immune system. Berries Blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries are packed with plant chemicals that fight inflammation. Research has linked berry consumption to a reduced risk of certain types of breast cancer. Beans and Legumes Beans are rich in fibre and protein. Eating beans regularly may support healthy weight management and lower cancer risk. Whole Grains Whole wheat, oats, brown rice, and quinoa are high in fibre and important nutrients. Replacing refined grains with whole grains may help lower the risk of breast cancer. Fatty Fish Fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines contain omega-3 fatty acids. These healthy fats may reduce inflammation and support heart and body health. Nuts and Walnuts Walnuts, almonds, and peanuts provide healthy fats, fibre, and vitamins. Some studies suggest nuts may lower the chances of breast cancer developing or spreading. Fermented Foods Foods like yoghurt, kimchi, and miso contain probiotics that support gut health and may strengthen immunity. A healthy gut can play a role in protecting against cancer. Herbs and Spices Spices such as turmeric, ginger, and parsley contain natural compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Adding them to daily meals may help support better health. Foods and Habits to Avoid or Limit Alcohol Drinking alcohol is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Even small amounts may increase risk, and heavy drinking is especially harmful. Reducing or avoiding alcohol is an effective lifestyle steps to lower breast cancer risk. Processed Meats Foods like sausages, bacon, and ham contain preservatives and chemicals that may raise cancer risk. Limiting processed meats is important for overall health. Fried Foods Eating fried foods regularly adds unhealthy fats and calories to the diet. Research shows that a high intake of fried foods may increase breast cancer risk. Fast Food and Junk Food Fast foods are often high in fat, sugar, and salt. They contribute to obesity, which is one of the known causes of breast cancer, especially after menopause. Added Sugars Sugary drinks, sweets, and desserts raise calorie intake and can lead to weight gain. Excess weight may increase hormone levels in the body, which can trigger cancer growth. Refined Carbohydrates White bread, white rice, and baked goods made with refined flour can raise blood sugar levels quickly. A diet rich in refined carbs is linked to higher cancer risk. Lifestyle Choices Beyond Food Nutrition is only one part of the picture. Other lifestyle habits also matter in reducing breast cancer risk. Staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and getting enough rest all support overall health. Regular screenings like mammograms and self-checks are equally important. These help detect breast cancer at an early stage when breast cancer treatment is most effective. The Role of Nutrition in Treatment and Recovery For people already diagnosed with breast cancer, eating a balanced diet can support recovery. Nutritious foods help the body handle treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. They also reduce side effects like fatigue and weakness. Doctors often recommend that patients eat small, frequent meals that include vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains during breast cancer treatment. Drinking enough water and avoiding alcohol or processed foods are also key. Final Thoughts While we cannot control all the causes of breast cancer, we can make healthy choices to support our bodies. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, fatty fish, and nuts may lower risk, while reducing alcohol, fried foods, and processed meats can help too. Making these changes step by step, along with exercise, regular medical check-ups, and guidance from Onco Life Hospitals, can protect long-term health. Onco-Life Cancer Centre understands the importance of nutrition and lifestyle in cancer care. By combining medical expertise with guidance on healthy living, patients and families can take stronger steps toward prevention, recovery, and overall well-being. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26708/looking-at-migraine-as-complex-neurological-disease.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26708/looking-at-migraine-as-complex-neurological-disease.html Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530 As we observe World Migraine Day on September 12th each year, it is important to understand that migraine is much more than “just a headache.” It is a debilitating and complex neurological disease that impacts millions of people each year around the globe, and can drastically disrupt personal and professional lives and overall quality of life. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed that migraine has consistently ranked as the second overall cause of disability globally. Disturbingly, it affects more than 1.1 billion people around the world, which includes more than 213 million people in India each year, making it one of the most common neurological diseases recorded. As a neurologist, I frequently see the silent struggle of my patients. They often feel misunderstood, neglected, and their pain dismissed as "just a headache" by friends and family members. It is important to shed light on what migraine truly is and developments in this field. Because of how much migraine can impact lives, not just in India but around the world, one might ask: what causes and drives this widespread condition? What constitutes the foundation of migraines? Knowing these realities, can help with early recognition and early prevention and likewise empower people to seek out viable options to engage with their health. Leading Cause of Disability: According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, migraine ranks as the second leading cause of years lived with disability (YLDs) globally. Among people aged 15-49, it's the leading cause. This highlights its significant impact on a person's ability to work, study, and engage in daily life Gender Disparity: Migraine is overwhelmingly more common in women. Women are approximately two to three times more likely to experience the condition than men. This disparity is believed to be linked to hormonal fluctuations. Peak Age: The prevalence of migraine is highest during the most productive years of life, typically between the ages of 25 and 55. This is a major reason for its substantial societal and economic impact A typical migraine attack often unfolds in four distinct phases, though not everyone experiences all of them: The Prodrome (The Warning Signs): This phase can begin a day or two before the headache. Patients may notice subtle changes like mood swings (from irritability to euphoria), food cravings, neck stiffness, frequent yawning, or increased urination. This is your body's early warning system. The Aura (The Visual Disturbance): About a quarter of migraine sufferers experience an aura. This is a temporary sensory disturbance that happens just before or during the headache. The most common aura is visual, with symptoms like seeing zigzag lines, shimmering lights, or blind spots. An aura can also manifest as tingling on one side of the face or body, or even difficulty speaking. The Headache (The Attack): This is the main event. The headache is often described as a throbbing or pounding pain, usually on one side of the head, but it can be on both. This pain is often accompanied by other debilitating symptoms such as: Nausea and vomiting Extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia) Extreme sensitivity to sound (phonophobia) Sensitivity to smell (osmophobia) The Postdrome (The Migraine "Hangover"): After the main pain subsides, many people feel drained, exhausted, or "hungover." They might have difficulty concentrating, feel a dull head pain, or experience neck stiffness. This phase can last for another 24 to 48 hours.   Triggers: The Cues that Start the Storm Understanding your triggers is one of the most powerful tools for managing migraine. A trigger is rather a factor that can initiate an attack in someone who is already susceptible. The good news is that there are more treatment options available today than ever before. Let's work together to move beyond the stigma and toward a world where every migraine patient is heard, understood, and effectively treated. Most investigations done to evaluate migraine will be normal. Treatment Options: A Modern Approach to Management Managing migraine is a personalised journey, and what works for one person may not work for another. The good news is that we have a wider range of effective treatments than ever before. These can be broadly divided into two categories: Acute treatments, which stop an attack once it has started, and Preventive treatments, which are taken regularly to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. Acute Treatments (Stopping the Storm): These are medications you take at the first sign of a migraine attack to relieve pain and other symptoms. Over the Counter (OTC) Medications: For mild to moderate attacks, many people find relief with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen. Caution is advised to prevent "medication overuse headaches." Triptans: For years, Triptans have been the gold standard for moderate to severe migraine. They act by narrowing blood vessels and blocking pain pathways in the brain. They are available in various forms, including pills, nasal sprays, and injections. Gepants: This is a newer class of oral medications. They work by blocking the CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) receptor, a protein known to play a key role in migraine pain. Gepants offer an alternative for patients who cannot take triptans due to cardiovascular risks or for whom triptans are not effective. Ditans: Lasmiditan (Reyvow) is a new oral medication that relieves migraine pain without causing blood vessel constriction, making it a viable option for patients with cardiovascular risk factors or those who cannot tolerate triptans. Preventive Treatments: They are taken regularly, whether daily or monthly, to reduce the number of migraine days and make attacks less severe. CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs): This is a major breakthrough in migraine treatment. These targeted therapies, are highly effective and are typically administered as self-injections once a month or once every three months. Botox (Botulinum Toxin): Botox injections into specific areas of the head and neck can be highly effective. The injections work by blocking the release of chemicals that activate pain pathways. Oral Medications: Several oral medications originally developed for other conditions have proven effective for migraine prevention. These include: Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol) Antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, venlafaxine) Anti-seizure drugs (e.g., topiramate) Gepants (e.g., rimegepant and atogepant have been approved for preventive use) Neuromodulation Devices: These devices use electrical or magnetic stimulation to change nerve signals and prevent or treat migraine. Some are worn as a headband or armband and can be used to treat an acute attack or for daily prevention. Lifestyle and Behavioural Strategies: Consistent Routines: Maintaining a regular sleep schedule, eating meals at consistent times, and staying hydrated can significantly reduce the frequency of attacks. Stress Management: Since stress is a major trigger, techniques like meditation, yoga, biofeedback, and mindfulness can be invaluable. Regular Exercise: Consistent, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce migraine frequency and severity. Trigger Avoidance: Identifying and avoiding personal triggers—be it certain foods, bright lights, or strong smells—is a powerful non-pharmacological strategy. On this World Migraine Day, it is advisable to see migraine as a complex neurological disease that demands our attention, understanding, and effective treatment. It is not "just a headache". Understand your triggers, recognise the phases of an attack, and know that you have more treatment options than ever before. Partner with a specialist, build your management plan. For those who live with it, your pain is real, and for those who support them, your empathy is a powerful form of care.   Dr Sreekanta Swamy, Additional Director- Neurology, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26685/new-age-devices-to-manage-heart-failure.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26685/new-age-devices-to-manage-heart-failure.html Mon, 15 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530 The Indian cardiovascular devices market had an estimated value of $2.2 billion in 2024, and it is projected to reach $4.1 billion by 2033, with the growth transitioning into a CAGR of 6.8% during 2025–2033. This growth represents a major opportunity for innovation and access to the cardiovascular market. Some of the factors favouring this growth include- New Burden of Disease: Given that there are many patients suffering from the chronic condition of heart failure in India, there is a need or rather the demand for advanced cardiac care has increased. Launch of Government Schemes: As health insurance programmes expand (with Ayushman Bharat, for example), the cost of high-cost procedures and devices are available to a major patient population. Advances in Technology: The shift towards minimally invasive procedures, and the digital health phenomenon, are transforming the delivery of patient care in both metropolitan areas and small cities.   New Age Devices and Market Trends In India, the heart failure device market has many sub-categories; each one is driven by its own unique drivers and opportunities to grow, some of which are- Implantable Devices: These devices continue to hold a dominant market position traditionally in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICDs), pacemakers and other mechanical circulatory support systems. There are actions being taken to make these devices more accessible and affordable to the patients in India, and the growth of domestic manufacturers is helping to decrease pricing. Mechanical Circulatory Support: This segment is fast growing, particularly in advanced heart failure. Devices such as Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) and Total Artificial Hearts (TAHs) are becoming more durable from a temporary support device to a long-term use, representing significant market growth opportunities. Digital Health and Remote Monitoring: An evolving and disruptive space, there is a revolution in cardiac care shifting to proactive management and away from reactive management with the help of digital health tools. Remote monitoring platforms, mHealth applications, and AI-driven analytics provide the ability to assess risk in real time, assess the risks of complications manifesting, and re-evaluate the plan of care to the clinicians. By changing the approach to cardiac care, patient outcomes improve as potential hospitalizations decrease, and care costs reduce. Among these rapidly advancing technologies, LVADs exemplify how innovation in mechanical circulatory support is redefining patient outcomes and creating new standards of care   LVADs' Outcomes: Bridge to a Better Quality of Life A Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) is one of the most potentially impactful therapies for advanced heart failure. Reports indicate that across several clinical trials, LVADs demonstrate its efficacy and safety in patients awaiting heart transplantation. While traditional treatments demonstrate efficacy via symptom relief or laboratory markers, LVADs, by nature, provide a supportive role through mechanical movement of blood leading to a more normalised circulation. In the case of patients awaiting heart transplantation viability via donors, LVAD therapy can be lifesaving. The therapy leads to stabilisation of the patient’s clinical condition, improvement in disability-associated symptoms, and enhanced organ viability and function. This transition to compensated symptoms not only improves patient quality of life but more extends the opportunity for patient eligibility for a successful heart transplant. LVADs serve as a bridge, providing patients on the waiting list an opportunity for an improved quality of life, whilst simultaneously waiting for the definitive treatment and opportunity for a fresh start.   Dr VS Prakash, Director - Ramaiah Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bengaluru ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26658/protecting-life-health-step-by-step-guide-to-buying-term-insurance-online.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26658/protecting-life-health-step-by-step-guide-to-buying-term-insurance-online.html Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Today, when you buy term insurance online, you can compare multiple policies, calculate premiums, and customise coverage in just a few minutes. As a result, you are able to make decisions based on clear information rather than relying on guesswork. Term insurance is one of the most affordable ways to safeguard your loved ones, yet the process of choosing a plan may feel confusing for first-time buyers. This guide breaks the journey into simple steps, helping you identify coverage needs, compare options, and confidently buy term insurance online to secure your family's future. Follow These Steps to Purchase Term Insurance Online with Ease Buying term insurance online may feel complex at first, but the process is far more straightforward than it seems. By following a clear set of steps, you can assess your needs, compare plans, and finalise coverage with confidence. Each stage builds towards securing reliable protection for your family while making the most of digital convenience. Assess Your Coverage Needs The first step is to estimate your family's financial needs if you were not around. As a rule of thumb, choose coverage that is 10 to 15 times your yearly earnings. You should also account for existing loans, children's education, healthcare needs, and daily living expenses. Accurately calculating this amount helps you select the right sum assured when you buy term insurance online. Decide the Policy Term The policy term should ideally cover your working years, ensuring your family is financially secure until you retire or accumulate enough wealth. For example, if you are 30 years old and plan to work until 60, a 30-year policy term is appropriate. Online platforms make it simple to adjust terms and instantly view the impact on premiums before you buy term insurance online. Compare Different Plans Comparison is one of the biggest advantages of buying insurance digitally. Use trusted platforms to compare features such as: Premium amounts across insurers. Coverage options like critical illness riders. Claim settlement ratios, which reflect insurer reliability. Flexibility in premium payment (monthly, quarterly, or annually). When you buy term insurance online, these comparison tools provide clarity, helping you balance affordability with comprehensive protection. Select Add-on Riders Riders enhance your base policy, offering broader protection. Common riders include: Accidental Death Benefit: Additional payout in case of accidental death. Critical Illness Rider: Covers specific life-threatening illnesses with a lump sum payout. Waiver of Premium: Future premiums waived in case of disability or critical illness. Choosing relevant riders ensures your term plan provides well-rounded security when you buy term insurance online. Use an Online Premium Calculator Premium calculators are easy-to-use tools that give you an estimate of the cost based on age, income, lifestyle, and sum assured. These calculators are particularly useful because they allow you to experiment with different terms and coverage amounts before finalising your decision. A calculator used beforehand ensures you know the likely premium outlay when you buy term insurance online. Fill in Accurate Personal Details When applying, provide precise information about your age, occupation, income, and lifestyle habits. Insurance relies heavily on accurate disclosure. Concealing facts such as smoking habits or existing medical conditions can lead to claim rejection later. Being transparent when you buy term insurance online protects your family from potential disputes during claim settlement. Check if a Medical Examination is Required In some cases, insurers may request a basic medical check-up before approving your application. This usually applies when you opt for higher coverage, fall into certain age brackets, or disclose health conditions. The purpose is to ensure that your premium reflects your health profile fairly. When you buy term insurance online, insurers often coordinate these appointments at partner clinics to make the process easier if required. Review Policy Terms and Conditions Always read the fine print carefully before making a payment. Pay special attention to exclusions, claim settlement procedures, and renewal terms. A thorough review ensures that when you buy term insurance online, you are fully aware of the policy's scope and limitations. Make a Secure Payment Most insurers accept multiple digital payment modes, including net banking, debit/credit cards, and UPI. Always ensure the platform is secure, and keep your acknowledgement receipt for reference. This step finalises your decision to buy term insurance online, after which you will receive the policy documents directly in your registered email. Keep Documents Accessible After purchase, store both digital and physical copies of your policy in a safe place. Inform your family members about the policy and its benefits, so they know how to proceed in case of an emergency. When you buy term insurance online, insurers usually provide a digital dashboard where you can access, download, or update documents anytime. The Way Forward: Protect What Matters Most Term insurance goes beyond being a policy. It is a commitment to your family's financial stability. Choosing to buy term insurance online makes the entire process quicker, more transparent, and easier to customise. The key is to focus on a plan that reflects your responsibilities, long-term goals, and the level of security your family will need in your absence. With online insurance brokers like Jio Insurance Broking Ltd., exploring multiple policies, comparing benefits, and receiving expert guidance becomes simple and transparent. Take the next step today to buy term insurance online and provide your loved ones with dependable financial protection for the years ahead. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26652/why-preventive-care-is-the-missing-link-in-indias-senior-wellness-ecosystem.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26652/why-preventive-care-is-the-missing-link-in-indias-senior-wellness-ecosystem.html Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0530 India is on the cusp of a demographic revolution. It is estimated that by 2050, more than 346 million individuals in the nation will be 60 years and older, making India home to one of the biggest elderly populations worldwide. Such an upsurge represents a wealth of experience and potential societal contribution, yet it also presents unmatched healthcare challenges. Chronic illness, limited mobility, dementia, and mental illness are on the rise among older people, but the healthcare system still emphasises treating rather than preventing them. This shortfall is not only a health issue—it threatens the well-being, independence, and economic engagement of India's ageing population.   The Current State of Senior Healthcare in India: Reactive Care and Limited Accessibility Healthcare for seniors largely follows a reactive model. Majority of the policies and programs concentrate on treating illnesses once they've already started, instead of trying to stop them before they happen. The basic healthcare setup isn't evenly spread out, with cities usually having better resources than rural spots. This means seniors often don't get regular check-ups, advice on healthy living, or the screenings that can catch issues early. As a result, they're more at risk for developing serious, long-term health conditions and related complications. India's growing senior population is set to put enormous strain on its healthcare system. It is predicted that by 2030, older adults will likely account for about 45% of the country's overall disease burden. Conditions like dementia, which already affects roughly 4 million people, are expected to surge. By 2050, around 13.4 million Indians could be impacted, contributing to an estimated annual cost of about $1 trillion. Additionally, women and seniors who are economically disadvantaged often encounter extra hurdles. Issues like limited mobility, cultural expectations, and financial limitations frequently stop them from getting medical advice promptly or taking part in wellness activities. This leads to diagnoses being made too late, more hospital stays, and puts a greater financial and emotional strain on families. Without a strong system for prevention in place, India could face rising healthcare expenses and a lower quality of life for its older citizens.   The Preventive Care Gap and Its Consequences: Chronic Illnesses and Escalating Costs Lack of organised preventive programs makes seniors vulnerable to avoidable diseases. Periodic screening, nutritional advice, and physical activity guidance are in short supply or not used at all, especially in rural areas. The health insurance offerings are more inclined toward treatment rather than wellness incentives, discouraging active participation in health management. This reactive strategy has ripple effects. Older persons have higher levels of chronic illness, increased hospital stays, and reduced functional status. Families not only shoulder financial burdens but also emotional strain. In addition, the broader healthcare system becomes strained due to avoidable hospitalisations and resource-intensive care, emphasising the urgent need for preventive interventions.   Community Support as a Pillar of Senior Wellness: Social Engagement and Integrated Care Preventive care is most effective when coupled with strong community support. Social engagement, group fitness programs, and community wellness centres encourage seniors to adopt healthier habits while simultaneously combating loneliness and mental health challenges. Integrated senior living communities offer a well-rounded way of life, thoughtfully combining medical care, social support, and engaging activities all under one roof. These kinds of programs help older adults stay independent while keeping those important social ties that are so good for mental and emotional health. Plus, the activities and programs offered within the community encourage seniors to take better care of themselves, making sure they get regular check-ups, stay active, and stick to healthy habits.   Economic and Societal Benefits of Preventive Care: Unlocking the Silver Dividend Investing in preventative care has wide-reaching economic and social impacts. Healthy seniors can prolong their productive years, impart their knowledge, and continue making contributions in the form of volunteering and caregiving. This situation is usually referred to as the "silver dividend" and assures that ageing is not only dependent but also participatory. Preventive health initiatives enable elders to remain active for longer, turning them into productive social and economic assets and not mere passive recipients of treatment. No less significant are the ripple impacts on families, communities, and the economy at the national level. Preventive care eliminates unnecessary hospitalisations and postpones the onset of chronic illnesses, reducing long-term healthcare costs to households and public systems. At the community level, independent elders build local economies through commerce, knowledge transfer to younger generations, and civic engagement. Preventive care in this respect is not merely about safeguarding health—it is about maintaining social capital and creating economic resilience for the future.   Building a Preventive Ecosystem for seniors: Policy, Awareness, and Collaboration Shifting from a reactive "sick-care" model to a proactive preventive model necessitates multi-stakeholder cooperation. Policymakers, healthcare professionals, insurance firms, and neighbourhood organisations need to collaborate in developing programs for early detection, disease management, and lifestyle alterations. Public campaigns, discounted well-being check-ups, and rewards for healthy living can motivate older adults to make preventive care a priority. By incorporating preventive care within the overall healthcare system and community support network, India can help seniors stay active, independent, and socially engaged well into their older years.   Conclusion: Prioritising Preventive Care to Empower India’s Ageing Population Preventive care is the missing puzzle piece in India's elder wellness system. Without preventive care, increased healthcare expenses, decreased quality of life, and foregone opportunities for economic and social contributions will continue to hinder the ageing population. Prioritising prevention, encouraging community involvement, and rewarding wellness through insurance and public health initiatives can revolutionise elder care. India's future is at stake with proactive, inclusive, and community-based solutions that enable seniors to live longer, healthier, and more rewarding lives.   Sonia Mehta, Founder, Everbloom ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26617/how-delhi-hospitals-ensure-safety-in-complex-heart-surgeries.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26617/how-delhi-hospitals-ensure-safety-in-complex-heart-surgeries.html Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530 For patients and families, safety is always the biggest concern. The good news is that hospitals in Delhi are continuously raising standards by adopting advanced technologies, refining techniques, and building strong post-operative care systems. If you or a loved one is exploring treatment, knowing how a heart surgery hospital in Delhi prioritises safety can help you feel more confident in making the right decision. Skilled and Specialised Teams Behind every successful heart surgery is a team of experts working in perfect sync. At leading hospitals, surgeries are performed by highly trained cardiothoracic surgeons supported by cardiac anaesthesiologists, perfusion technologists, operating theatre nurses, and intensive care specialists. Unlike smaller setups where general anaesthesiologists may be involved, top centres usually have fellowship-trained cardiac anaesthesiologists. This multidisciplinary teamwork ensures that risks are minimised and patient outcomes are improved. Advanced Operating Theatres Modern hospitals in Delhi are equipped with state-of-the-art cardiac operating theatres. Essential systems such as the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CPB) are standard. At the same time, advanced life-support devices like ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) are available in select tertiary centres for high-risk or emergency cases. The presence of modular theatres, advanced anaesthesia systems, and real-time monitoring ensures surgeries are carried out in the safest environment possible—something that defines the care at a reputed heart surgery hospital in Delhi. Minimally Invasive and Beating Heart Surgeries Safety is further enhanced through surgical approaches that minimise trauma to the body. Minimally invasive cardiac surgeries (MICS) use smaller incisions, leading to less pain, quicker recovery, and a lower risk of infection. Similarly, off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) enables surgeons to perform bypass procedures on a beating heart without relying on a heart-lung machine, reducing some risks associated with traditional methods. At centres such as Venkateshwar Hospital, these advanced techniques are employed to optimise patient outcomes and support faster, safer recoveries. Precision in High-Risk Surgeries Some of the most challenging procedures include aortic root replacements, ventricular assist device implantation, and redo surgeries. To improve safety, real-time imaging such as transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used in advanced hospitals to guide surgeons during operations. These tools help teams respond quickly if complications arise, improving patient outcomes. Focus on Vascular and Hybrid Procedures Cardiac safety also extends to vascular surgeries such as managing aneurysms, carotid artery disease, and complex aortic conditions. Larger Delhi hospitals are increasingly using endovascular and hybrid approaches, which combine surgery with catheter-based techniques. While not yet common for every condition, these methods are particularly valuable in high-risk vascular cases where minimally invasive repair reduces blood loss and recovery time. Structured Heart Programmes Specialised heart programmes add another layer of safety. These may include: Heart failure surgeries such as Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) Valve repairs and replacements Congenital and paediatric heart surgery Such structured programmes are most often seen in larger multi-speciality hospitals, which maintain consistent safety protocols across complex procedures. Post-Operative Care and Monitoring Safety does not end when the surgery is over. Dedicated cardiac ICUs play a vital role in stabilising patients, monitoring vital signs, and preventing complications. Specialist nurses and intensivists ensure patients receive constant attention, though infection control remains a significant challenge in India. Some hospitals also offer physiotherapy and dietary guidance as part of recovery, though fully structured cardiac rehabilitation programmes—common in Western centres—are still limited to select large hospitals in Delhi. Commitment to Ethics and Innovation What distinguishes leading hospitals is not only their technology but also their approach to patient care. Institutions that communicate openly with families, explain risks clearly, and follow global safety practices inspire greater trust. At Venkateshwar Hospital, advanced cardiothoracic and vascular procedures are performed with a strong emphasis on patient safety and ethical care. Supported by NABH accreditation, modern infrastructure, and a team of experienced cardiologists and surgeons, the hospital ensures comprehensive cardiac treatment—from diagnosis and surgery to recovery and long-term management—under one roof. Conclusion Complex heart surgeries require expertise, precision, and high standards of safety. Delhi hospitals are achieving this by strengthening surgical teams, upgrading technology, and refining post-operative care. While not every hospital has access to the same level of infrastructure, large multi-speciality centres like Venkateshwar Hospital are setting benchmarks in ensuring safer outcomes for patients. For families, consulting directly with cardiac specialists helps in choosing the best and safest treatment path for their unique needs. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26591/best-term-insurance-for-homepreneurs-financial-protection-without-a-job.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26591/best-term-insurance-for-homepreneurs-financial-protection-without-a-job.html Tue, 26 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530   One of the reliable ways to safeguard her future is through housewife term insurance. It creates a financial cushion that will keep her and the family secure during difficult times. With affordable premiums and the right coverage, it becomes a powerful step toward protecting the family’s lifestyle. Why Term Insurance Is Important For homepreneurs? Families often ignore the importance of insuring a housewife, as her role does not directly produce an income. However, the husband’s untimely demise can put a lot of pressure on her to manage finances alone. Buying a term plan ensures that she never faces any financial crisis. The benefits of housewife term insurance are as follows:     Secures the Family’s Lifestyle   The return ensures the same lifestyle, taking care of the daily needs such as groceries, bills, and household expenses.     Funds Children’s Future   Schooling, higher education, and marriage are significant costs. Having a term insurance ensures these dreams are never sacrificed.     Protects Her Independence   With access to funds, the wife is free to make financial choices without relying on family members or seeking outside assistance. Covers Outstanding LiabilitiesLoans such as home or car EMIs can be repaid smoothly, preventing the family from losing assets. How Term Insurance Works for homepreneurs? The simplest arrangement is for the husband, as the earning member, to purchase term insurance and keep his wife as the nominee. In the event of his passing during the policy term, the insurer pays the sum assured to her directly. This amount serves as a financial cushion to meet both present and long-term needs. Couples may also explore joint life term insurance where both partners are covered under one plan. If either passes away, the surviving partner receives the benefit. While joint plans can be useful, the most common and effective approach for housewives is being nominated in the husband’s individual policy. Deciding the Right Coverage Amount Choosing the right sum assured is critical because it determines how financially secure the wife and family will be in the long run. A coverage amount that is too low may leave her struggling, while excessive coverage could strain her current finances. Some important factors to evaluate include: Household Expenses: Monthly costs of running the home, groceries, bills, and transportation. Children’s Education: Future school and college fees adjusted for inflation. Loans and Liabilities: Home loans, personal loans, or car loans that must be repaid. Future Needs: Long-term healthcare, elder support, or lifestyle costs. An investment return calculator is a useful tool as it estimates how expenses today will grow in the future. For instance, if a family is spending ₹50,000 every month today, the calculator might indicate that after 15 years, this can increase to ₹1,00,000 because of inflation. Based on this knowledge, you can select a coverage amount that actually ensures your wife's future. Benefits of homepreneurs Term Insurance When a husband invests in a term plan naming his wife as the nominee, the benefits go much beyond financial security. Some of the most notable benefits are:     High Coverage at Low Premiums   Term insurance is one of the affordable financial instruments, providing high coverage without putting the family's budget under pressure.     Flexibility in Usage   The family will be free to use the payout in any way that they desire, whether it is for day-to-day expenses, investments, or long-term goals.     Rider Options   Additional riders, such as accidental death cover or critical illness cover, can enhance the protection.     Tax Benefits   Premiums are eligible for tax deductions of up to ₹1.5 Lakh under Section 80C (only in the old tax regime) of the Income Tax Act. How to Choose the Right Term Insurance Plan To make the right decision, make sure to compare and analyse your options carefully. Some of the things that will prove to be helpful to check are as follows:     Adequate Coverage   Choose a sum assured that will replace 10–15 times your annual income and can pay for future expenses.     Longer Policy Duration   Choose a term that will reflect the long-term objectives, such as children's education or repayment of a loan.     Claim Settlement Ratio   Check for insurers with a high settlement ratio to ensure the housewife receives the payout easily without any problems.     Affordability   Compare premium rates between plans to make sure protection is affordable.     Flexibility and Riders   Select policies that enable you to purchase riders for increased coverage. Role of an Investment Return Calculator Financial planning is most effective when it is backed by numbers. An investment return calculator is a useful tool in determining the correct amount of coverage by:   Estimating future household expenses considering inflation. Projecting education or marriage costs for children. Illustrating whether the selected sum assured will be adequate for long-term financial stability.   This assists you in making wise choices that can truly protect your wife and children. Rather than guessing an amount, he can rely on realistic projections to decide the right coverage. Why Buying Term Insurance for Housewives is a Responsible Step Buying a housewife term insurance and making her the nominee is a simple and good decision. It acknowledges her effort towards the family and ensures that she never lacks funds in hard times. Through this planning, you can ensure that your wife remains financially independent and the dreams of the children remain intact, even in your absence. Conclusion A housewife’s contribution should receive the same amount of financial security as any earning household member. Term insurance for a housewife accomplishes this by providing her with the freedom and confidence to plan for the future, even in your absence. With low premiums, high coverage, and resources such as an investment return calculator, planning for the future is now simple. The right term insurance for a homemaker ensures her stability, security, and peace of mind. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/26574/how-to-choose-the-right-laboratory-vial-for-your-experiment.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/26574/how-to-choose-the-right-laboratory-vial-for-your-experiment.html Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530 This guide explains the different types of laboratory vials, their applications in analytical chemistry, and how to select the best option based on sample type, instrument compatibility, and closure type.   Everything You Need to Know about Laboratory Vials   Laboratory vials serve as sample containers in various analytical processes, playing a crucial role in preserving chemical composition, preventing contamination, and maintaining analytical accuracy. Some of the most common functions of laboratory vials are as follows:   Key Functions of Laboratory Vials   Chemical Stability: Ensures compatibility with solvents, acids, and bases used in analytical methods. Sealing Integrity: Prevents evaporation, contamination, or leakage during storage and analysis. Instrument Compatibility: Designed to fit autosamplers for HPLC and GC applications. Regulatory Compliance: Must meet ISO 15378 certification standards for pharmaceutical and chemical testing.   Types of Laboratory Vials Based on Applications   Vial Type Application Sealing Type Typical Volume HPLC Vials Chromatographic analysis (HPLC) Screw Cap / Crimp Top 1.5mL - 2mL GC Vials Gas Chromatography (GC) Crimp Top 1.5mL - 2mL Treated / pH Sensitive Vials For reactive or pH-sensitive samples Screw Cap / Crimp Top 1 mL - 100 mL Certified Vials USP-compliant pharma testing Screw Cap / Crimp 5mL - 50mL   Comparing Screw Cap Vials vs Crimp Top Vials   Screw cap vials from Borosil Scientific and crimp top vials are the most common choices for analytical testing. Selecting between them depends on sealing requirements, handling convenience, and sample volatility.   Feature Screw Cap Vials Crimp Top Vials Snap Top Vials Sealing Strength Moderate (reusable) High (airtight, tamper-proof) Medium to High (Depends on top type) Ease of Handling Can be opened and resealed Requires a crimping tool Easy to open and close Evaporation Resistance Suitable for low-volatility samples Ideal for volatile solvents Suitable for short term storage Instrument Compatibility HPLC and GC autosamplers GC applications requiring airtight sealing HPLC autosamplers with snap top support   Best for HPLC applications: Screw cap vials with PTFE-lined closures. Best for GC applications: Crimp top vials to prevent solvent loss. Best for quick HPLC runs or routine sampling: Snap top vials for fast, manual access.   Material Considerations: Glass vs. Plastic Vials   Material selection impacts sample stability, chemical reactivity, and analytical precision.   Material Properties Applications Borosilicate Glass (3.3 Expansion) High thermal resistance, low alkali content Suitable for high-temperature applications and lab glassware. Borosilicate Glass (4.9 Expansion) Enhanced chemical durability, lower thermal expansion Pharmaceutical packaging, sensitive formulations. Borosilicate Glass (5.1 Expansion) USP Type I compliance, low extractables, chemically inert HPLC, GC, pharmaceutical analysis Amber Glass UV-resistant, prevents light degradation Light-sensitive compounds   For volatile solvents: Choose borosilicate glass for low leachability and chemical stability. For light-sensitive samples: Use amber glass vials to protect against UV exposure.   Certified Sampling & Storage Vials: Ensuring Compliance   For pharmaceutical, chemical, and biological testing, certified vials from Borosil Scientific meet regulatory standards to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.   Key Features of Certified Vials:   ISO “Class 8” Cleanroom Packing: Minimises particulate contamination. USP Type I Borosilicate Glass: Ensures low leachability and chemical purity. PTFE-Silicon Septa Caps: Provide airtight sealing for long-term sample stability. Amber Colour Protection: Shields light-sensitive compounds from degradation.   Certified vials are ideal for pharmaceutical working standards, chemical reference samples, and stability studies.   Selecting the Right Vial for HPLC and GC Analysis   HPLC Vials to Maintain Sample Integrity and Autosampler Compatibility Must be made from low-extractable borosilicate glass. Volume range: 1.5mL - 2mL. Screw cap vials with PTFE/Silicone septa for minimal sample contamination.   GC Vials for Evaporation Control and Precision Sealing Designed for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Crimp top vials are preferred for airtight sealing of volatile samples. Septa should be thermally stable for high-temperature GC analysis.   Best Practices for Handling and Storing Laboratory Vials   To maintain vial integrity and prevent contamination, follow these guidelines:   Storage and Handling Store in a clean, dust-free environment. Use vial racks to prevent breakage or misplacement.   Cleaning and Preparation Rinse new vials with HPLC-grade solvents before use. Avoid direct handling. Use tweezers or vial holders.   Sample Management Do not overfill vials. Maintain 20% headspace. Secure caps properly to prevent leakage or evaporation.   Key Considerations for Choosing the Right Laboratory Vial   Factor Why It Matters Chemical Compatibility Prevents leaching, degradation, and contamination Sealing Type Ensures airtight protection for sensitive samples Autosampler Fit Prevents misalignment and cross-contamination Regulatory Compliance ISO 15378-certified vials for pharmaceutical use   For trace analysis: Use low-extractable glass vials to avoid contamination. For long-term sample storage: Choose PTFE-lined screw caps to prevent moisture intrusion.   Conclusion   Selecting the correct laboratory vial from brands like Borosil Scientific is essential for sample integrity, analytical precision, and regulatory compliance. Whether used in HPLC, GC, or chemical storage, vials must be chosen based on material compatibility, sealing strength, and instrument specifications.   For HPLC applications: Use screw cap and snap cap vials with PTFE/Silicone septa. For GC analysis: Opt for crimp top vials to prevent solvent loss. For pharmaceutical storage: Use ISO 15378-certified borosilicate glass vials.   By selecting the right vial for chromatography, sample storage, or reagent preparation, laboratories ensure reliable data, contamination-free workflows, and accurate analytical outcomes. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26565/why-doctors-need-legal-and-financial-safeguards-more-than-ever.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26565/why-doctors-need-legal-and-financial-safeguards-more-than-ever.html Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Healthcare has come a long way, but the pressure on doctors keeps growing. With new technology changing how care is delivered, expectations are higher than ever, along with the risks. Today, doctors are being watched closely, not just by peers, but by patients and legal systems too. Even when doctors act responsibly, they can still face lawsuits or financial claims. People are more informed, which means they are more likely to face legal exposure. Professional Indemnity Insurance helps protect doctors when things go wrong, allowing them to continue focusing on what they were trained to do: caring for others.   Rising Medical negligence Litigation: A growing Concern Medical malpractice lawsuits in India have seen a remarkable increase over the last decade. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) has documented thousands of cases annually for medical malpractice. In the high-shaft cases, specifically surgery, a slight issue can escalate into lawsuits. Many of these significant cases, regardless of standard, lead to demanding legal proceedings, reputational damage. Compensation amounts have also surged, with courts demanding in crores for the renowned or eminent cases. Such payouts can be stressful for the small business owners and the individual medical practitioners to pay.   What is Professional Indemnity for Doctors Professional indemnity insurance offers financial protection and legal liability against errors made unintentionally and omissions made by the doctor while performing their professional services. If the patient or their family claims that the doctor has mistreated, performed a surgical or diagnostic error during the treatment, this policy covers various coverages like out-of-court settlements, compensation up to the insured limit. This insurance is not only for doctors and surgeons, but also for general medical practitioners, dentists, psychologists, and neurologists under professional indemnity for doctors.   Why it’s more important for Doctors Enhanced Consumer Rights & Patient Awareness - With modern technology, individuals have a better understanding of their rights, but sometimes, if their expectations do not meet reality, they act quickly. With the awareness of the Consumer protection rights, patients can file their complaints for the services. This policy is crucial as it is designed to indemnify you against such legal liability and the associated costs of defending a claim. Increasing the Range of Medical Practice- As medical technology and treatments advance, practitioners can address more complex conditions. However, adopting these innovations can also introduce unforeseen risks and less predictable outcomes. This expansion of your medical practice increases the potential for claims alleging error, omission, or negligence, making professional indemnity coverage essential for managing these emerging liabilities. High Settlements & Judicial Precedents - Indian courts need to be more assertive towards patients, allocating considerable damages. Even if the doctor is found not guilty and unburdened of any negligence, even then, the legal procedures can still be hefty. Professional image at risk - Legal procedures not only affects the financial stability, but in most cases, they become a major hit to their medical practice. Having professional indemnity insurance indicates and helps during the crisis, comforting both the medical practitioner and the patients.   Conclusion The Medical Practitioners devote their whole life to heal others, often under uncertain situations, and they may end up doing something that wasn’t intentional but caused discomfort to the patient. In consideration of the same, they do deserve a wholesome policy which provides coverage against the unforeseen circumstances, mainly the legal procedures, settlements avoiding the risks. As the medical environment is widespread, investing in specific insurance is the most crucial step that every healthcare professional must take in this growing era.   Pratyush Kumar, Head of Product, PI for Doctors, Policybazaar for Business ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26543/engineering-contamination-out-product-led-innovation-for-a-safer-smarter-pharma-floor.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26543/engineering-contamination-out-product-led-innovation-for-a-safer-smarter-pharma-floor.html Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Across the pharmaceutical industry, I keep hearing one message from regulatory auditors: manual intervention must go. With new global guidelines such as EU-GMP Annex 1 placing heightened emphasis on contamination control, manufacturers—especially in sterile operations—are being pushed to challenge long-standing practices. For me, eliminating contamination has never been just about meeting compliance checklists. It’s about designing cleaner, more resilient manufacturing ecosystems that can keep pace with today’s demands for agility, speed, and uncompromising quality. In sterile and injectable manufacturing, even the smallest manual touchpoint can carry unacceptable risk. Over the years, I’ve moved away from a reactive quality-control approach to one centred on designing risk out of the process entirely. This mindset shift has been powered by targeted engineering innovations—solutions that are not only smarter and faster, but grounded in the realities of day-to-day production. Closing the Loop on a Contamination Risk One vulnerability I’ve seen repeatedly is the manual loading of aluminium seals and rubber stoppers into fill-finish lines. In many legacy setups, operators still cut open sterile bags and empty them into hoppers—introducing direct contamination risks and failing to meet modern aseptic handling expectations. To solve this, my team at Kairish Innotech developed a fully customised automatic bag cutting and loading system. It removes the human element from one of the most frequent intervention points in injectable production. Key capabilities include: Fully enclosed, hands-free bag opening Direct integration with isolators or RABS Customisable hopper or chute interfaces Built-in cleaning and monitoring mechanisms Importantly, it enables manufacturers to upgrade existing lines without full-scale rebuilds. Several CDMOs and regulated-market suppliers have already adopted the system to align legacy infrastructure with 21st-century compliance. When a Needle Changed Everything Not all innovation starts in the R&D lab—sometimes it begins with a problem on the shop floor. A client once approached us with a heat-sensitive injectable struggling at 70% yield. The cause: tiny droplets forming in the ampoule neck during filling, which carbonised during flame sealing, degrading the product. Working closely with their formulation and production teams, we re-engineered the filling needle. Multiple trials led to a low-turbulence, anti-drip design that solved the issue entirely. Results included: Yield increasing from 70% to 95% Batch rejections dropping to near zero No changes required to ampoule specs or fill volumes For patients depending on those critical doses, this quiet innovation made a life-changing difference. A Two-Week Turnaround that Saved ₹250 Crore Sometimes, the most critical factor isn’t design—it’s speed. A large pharmaceutical company’s sterile facility came to a complete halt due to a faulty buffer tank. The OEM quoted a six-month lead time for a replacement—unacceptable for a plant producing time-sensitive medicines. We took on the challenge. Within two weeks, we had: Reverse-engineered the tank Sourced GMP-grade stainless steel with full material traceability Completed welding and qualification to ASME-BPE standards Delivered a leak-tested, validated, fully documented replacement This rapid intervention didn’t just save production—it protected the company’s reputation and ensured patients received their treatments on time. Why This Matters These experiences—whether removing contamination risk, rescuing yield, or accelerating recovery—reinforce a lesson I’ve learned repeatedly: the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing depends on responsive, intelligent, engineering-led problem solving. With regulatory expectations tightening, global CDMO competition intensifying, and patient demands rising, pharma innovation must extend beyond molecules. Smarter systems, built around everyday production realities, are just as vital. In my experience, it’s often the targeted, practical solutions—not the headline-grabbing breakthroughs—that transform the pharma floor into a safer, smarter, and more resilient space. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/26547/what-every-indian-household-needs-in-a-health-emergency.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/26547/what-every-indian-household-needs-in-a-health-emergency.html Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530   Every Indian household should have a simple yet effective system in place to face such moments with calm, clarity, and full confidence, without wasting time or feeling lost. Why Preparedness Matters More Than Ever In India, rising healthcare costs and overcrowded hospitals have made it more important than ever for families to be prepared for an emergency. No matter if you live in a metro or a small town, medical help may not be instantly accessible, and delays can make all the difference.  While government schemes and private health insurance plans in India are expanding, the responsibility to act fast still falls on the household. Having basic tools, documents, and a plan in place not only saves time but could save a life.  Preparing means being in control when it counts. Think of it as a family's defence system, ready to spring into action when urgency knocks. Let us explore the essentials that make all the difference. The Basics of Health Emergency Preparedness for Homes Health emergencies can be sudden and stressful, but having the right preparations at home can make a difference in managing the situation effectively. Here are the essential elements every household should have to face health emergencies with confidence and ease. Start with a Home Medical Kit for Immediate Relief A well-stocked medical kit is the first thing every home should have. It helps you handle minor injuries, sudden pain, or early symptoms without delay. It also buys you time until you can reach professional care. Keep these items ready:   Thermometer Digital blood pressure monitor Oximeter Antiseptic cream Cotton, bandages, and gauze Paracetamol and pain relief sprays Basic medicines for fever, cold, acidity, and allergies Specific medicines required for chronic conditions like asthma or diabetes   Place the kit in an easy-to-access spot. Check expiry dates every few months. Maintain a Digital and Physical Medical File During a medical emergency, the last thing you want is to look for old prescriptions, reports, or insurance details. Keeping everything in one place saves time and ensures quicker decisions. Create a dedicated folder for: Health insurance policy documents Aadhar and ID copies Medical history of each family member Recent prescriptions and test results Contact details of your family doctor Use both a physical folder and a digital backup. Store the soft copies in cloud storage and give access to a trusted family member. Build a Quick-Access Emergency Contact Sheet Time is everything during emergencies. A simple one-page sheet with important numbers can guide action even in panic. Keep one copy on your fridge, one in your wallet, and one in your phone. Your emergency contact list should include: Nearby hospitals and private ambulance numbers Family doctor's contact Close relatives or neighbours Insurance helpline and claim support numbers Local pharmacy that delivers 24x7  This list helps even children or elderly family members know what to do. Set up an Emergency Fund That's Easy to Use An emergency fund helps you act without financial stress. Medical costs can arise before claims are processed or in situations not covered by insurance. Ideally, the fund should cover 3 to 6 months of household expenses.  You can keep that money in a savings account or a fixed deposit with quick withdrawal access. Avoid investing this money in high-risk or long-lock-in instruments. You can start small and grow the fund over time. The key is to keep it ready, separate, and easy to use. Invest in a Comprehensive Health Insurance Plan Medical costs are rising every year. Having a comprehensive health insurance plan lets you access the best care without worrying about bills. When choosing a policy, look for: Wide hospital network for cashless treatment Coverage for hospitalisation, diagnostics, and post-care Shorter waiting periods for pre-existing conditions Daycare procedures included Annual health check-ups as part of the policy For families seeking comprehensive protection, a floater plan covers everyone under one policy, making it more affordable and easier to manage. This flexibility is especially valuable when combining broad financial protection with specialised solutions, such as health insurance for parents.  In this way, you can ensure their medical needs are fulfilled without putting a strain on the family's savings. Choose an insurance provider that offers ease, speed, and reliable support. Online-first insurers are popular for their simple processes, quick claims, and responsive service.  You can upload documents easily and get help anytime. During emergencies, especially at odd hours or away from home, a smooth, hassle-free claim process offers valuable peace of mind. Ensure Everyone Understands the Plan Emergency planning is not only about documents and policies. It is also about making sure your family knows what to do. Have regular family discussions where you explain: What's inside the medical file? Who to call first? Where is the insurance policy stored? How to access the emergency fund?     When everyone is aware, action is quicker and more effective. Preparedness brings peace of mind. Taking a few essential steps now can make a lasting difference in how your household handles a health emergency. With thoughtful planning, timely access to care, and a clear understanding of what to do, you can protect both your finances and your family.  What you set up today will help your family respond with strength, calm, and confidence tomorrow.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/26532/evolution-of-hepatitis-testing-from-conventional-methods-to-next-gen-elisa-rapid-kits.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/26532/evolution-of-hepatitis-testing-from-conventional-methods-to-next-gen-elisa-rapid-kits.html Wed, 13 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver, is usually caused by viruses such as Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E and occupies a key place on the global health concern list. Types B and C, especially, pose a severe public health concern in India and worldwide. These silent viral infections often remain undetected until severe liver disease sets in, including cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. With an estimated 296 million people living with chronic Hepatitis B and 58 million with chronic Hepatitis C across the globe (WHO 2023), the need for early detection is more than ever. The past few decades have brought significant changes to diagnostic tools for hepatitis, from conventional, tedious methods to faster and far more accessible next-generation technologies, such as ELISA and rapid diagnostic kits. With advances in diagnostic accuracy and the ability to bring testing to the doorstep of even the most remote populations, this progress will unfold.   Hepatitis Testing- Evolution Discussed Hepatitis infections were previously diagnosed using basic techniques. Blood tests included liver function tests (LFTs) that evaluated the elevation of enzymes Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), which are indirect markers of liver injury. However, LFTs were no confirmation for viral etiology. Hepatitis B and C had to be detected through RIA-based assays and gel-based electrophoresis, all of which were cumbersome, required specialized laboratories to perform, and, more importantly, presented hazards of radiation exposure. Back then, screening was often limited to high-risk groups, the definition of which included blood donors, pregnant women, or symptomatic patients, thereby leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment.   ELISA Revolution for Hepatitis Testing A giant leap forward in hepatitis diagnostics was then brought by the introduction of the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) in the mid-1980s. The ELISA method provided enhanced sensitivity and specificity for detecting viral antigens of Hepatitis B and antibodies to Hepatitis C. What made ELISA unique? It was accurate, as it could discriminate between current infections and past exposure and immunity. It was scalable, as it could test large volumes in blood banks and diagnostic labs. It was safe - it discontinued the use of radioactive substances, unlike radio-immunoassay (RIA). With the advancement of ELISA generations, from the first to the fourth, both antigens and antibodies can be detected simultaneously, greatly reducing the diagnostic window period- the time frame between infection and the development of detectable markers. This became very important in the prevention of the transmission of hepatitis via blood transfusions and medical procedures.   Rise of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTS) Despite ELISA being accurate, these assays required laboratory confirmation and were time-consuming. This impeded communities from implementing diagnosis in rural or low-resource settings. To the rescue came rapid diagnostic tests, which had a significant impact. Present-day RDTs for hepatitis provide results in 15 to 20 minutes using a drop of blood or serum. They essentially work on immunochromatographic principles, wherein antigen-antibody reactions produce a visible colored line (similar to a pregnancy test). They are characterised by: No requirement for electricity No fancy machinery Minimal training  They have changed the scenario of mass screening, point-of-care testing, and outreach health camps by cutting down the cost and time. The Indian health surveys have identified large-scale hepatitis screening drives in rural areas due to the use of RDTs, detecting thousands of hidden cases.   Next-Gen ELISA While change and novel improvements were taking place in technology, ELISA remained on its path towards improvement. Modern-day next-generation ELISA systems are likely fully automated, capable of processing hundreds of samples per hour with virtually no manual error. Such platforms feature: Multiplexing, which allows for the detection of multiple hepatitis types (i.e., HBV, HCV, HIV) from a single sample Shortened window periods, which would enable for enhanced antigen-antibody combination assays Improved specificity- Reducing false positives and unnecessary anxiety. Automated ELISA systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in blood banks and large hospitals throughout India, helping to fulfill NABH and WHO quality standards.   Toward Elimination in India India is estimated to have over 40 million people infected with Hepatitis B and 10 to 12 million with Hepatitis C. Recognizing the burden, the National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP), which began in 2018, has been actively facilitating free screening and treatment through the National Health Mission. Under this programme: Confirmatory testing is performed in government centers using the ELISA method. RDTs are used in camps, PHCs, and wellness centers to reach vulnerable populations. Training and awareness have increased for promoting early testing and vaccination (for hepatitis B). To eliminate hepatitis B and C as public health problems by 2030, according to the WHO's global strategy. The evolution of hepatitis testing mirrors a broader trend in healthcare: from centralized laboratories to community-level diagnosis. With persisting innovation, we envision: AI-supported diagnostic tools predicting infection risk and its progression Home-based rapid tests for COVID-19 Portable microfluidic devices for real-time screening of hepatitis The speed, accessibility, and patient involvement in diagnostics will further enhance our capacity to address viral hepatitis. From slow, basic approaches to the rapid tests and next-generation ELISA platforms of today, the history of hepatitis testing is vast. The evolution was imperative not only for better detection and treatment outcomes but also to take testing to an even higher level of inclusiveness.   Dhiren Trambadia, Vice President, Trivitron Healthcare ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/26449/private-banking-sector-supported-by-loan-demand-and-digital-services-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/26449/private-banking-sector-supported-by-loan-demand-and-digital-services-.html Sun, 27 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Despite global uncertainties, Indian private lenders have managed to grow steadily, supported by retail credit appetite and tech-focused offerings that are changing how customers interact with banks. Retail loans remain a strong driver Loan demand from households and businesses has picked up pace over the past year. From homebuyers to entrepreneurs and salaried individuals, more people are turning to banks for accessible credit. This trend has been especially prominent in metros and tier-2 cities, where incomes are rising and property sales have improved. Personal loans, car financing, and home loans have contributed significantly to private banks' books. Borrowers find the application and disbursal process faster than before, helped by app-based systems and digital KYC. These developments have allowed private lenders to grow their customer base without significantly increasing operational costs. Axis Bank, for instance, has reported strong growth in its retail lending segment. The Axis Bank share price has seen movements in line with investor confidence in the bank’s loan book growth and efficient operations. With more borrowers opting for secured products and higher ticket-size loans, lenders have better visibility on returns. Market value reflects investor faith Looking at current market capitalisation data, Axis Bank tops the private banking list with over ₹3.10 lakh crore in market value. This is a reflection of steady financial performance and investor optimism. Other notable banks include AU Small Finance Bank (₹16,222 crore), Bandhan Bank (₹22,949 crore), and City Union Bank (₹12,348 crore). Even state-owned lenders like Canara Bank and Bank of Maharashtra are drawing attention as overall sentiment in banking stocks improves. What’s interesting is that even mid-sized private banks are being closely followed by investors. Their focus on niche segments such as MSMEs or rural lending, coupled with digitisation, is helping them attract both customers and shareholders. Digital adoption reshapes banking The shift to digital services has played a major role in how private banks operate today. Whether it’s onboarding new customers or offering instant personal loans, much of the process is now automated. Mobile apps now let users check balances, invest in mutual funds, apply for loans, or raise service requests in just a few taps. Private banks are also using data analytics to understand customer preferences better. This allows them to offer targeted solutions—like pre-approved loans or investment plans—based on spending behaviour. For instance, Axis Bank and a few others have integrated financial wellness features into their apps. Users get nudges to save, real-time credit score tracking, and custom product recommendations. These services are especially popular among younger customers. MSMEs and business lending get attention Alongside retail credit, banks are also focusing on business loans—especially for micro and small enterprises. NBFCs may have led this space for a while, but private banks are catching up with simplified credit assessments and fast approvals. By tying up with fintechs or launching their own online lending platforms, private lenders can disburse working capital loans and invoice financing with minimal paperwork. This is helping small businesses meet seasonal or operational funding needs without delays. In regions with large industrial clusters, such services are proving to be a vital link between banks and local entrepreneurs. Flexible repayment terms and doorstep banking further strengthen this bond. Asset quality shows signs of improvement One of the concerns during the pandemic period was the potential rise in bad loans. However, by FY25, most private banks have reported either stable or improved asset quality. The Gross Non-Performing Asset (GNPA) ratios have been brought under control, with fresh slippages reducing. Lenders have also used this period to improve provisioning and credit risk models. The result is a more balanced portfolio, which gives banks room to grow their loan book without worrying about excessive write-offs. More people investing in banking stocks With stock markets touching new highs in 2025, many retail investors are entering the equity space through banking stocks. Banks are seen as relatively safe bets for long-term growth and consistent returns. The combination of predictable income (via dividends) and potential price appreciation makes them attractive for portfolio building. People are increasingly opening demat accounts online through digital-first brokers and banking platforms. This has made equity investing accessible to a wider section of the population. Banking newsletters, stock analysis apps, and influencer-led content are also helping demystify investment for first-time users. Popular names like Axis Bank, HDFC Bank, and ICICI Bank are often recommended in beginner portfolios. Regulatory support helps formalisation The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) continues to support the banking sector with a stable monetary policy and an eye on long-term reforms. Banks have been encouraged to boost credit flow while maintaining adequate buffers. Efforts like enhanced UPI integration, tighter lending norms for unsecured credit, and streamlined KYC regulations are all geared towards a more efficient and secure financial system. These measures benefit private banks that are quick to adapt and roll out compliant solutions. Outlook remains positive for FY25 As India’s economy continues to grow, the demand for credit will likely remain strong. Rising urbanisation, real estate activity, and consumer spending trends point towards steady banking sector momentum. Private banks are also preparing for the festive season demand, which historically leads to a spike in retail credit. From gold loans to car finance, banks expect to see increased traction in the coming quarters. With better asset quality, strong digital infrastructure, and increasing financial awareness, the private banking sector is expected to maintain its current growth trajectory through FY25. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26407/how-vitamin-b-deficiency-affects-nerve-and-brain-health.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26407/how-vitamin-b-deficiency-affects-nerve-and-brain-health.html Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Of those, B₁ (thiamine), B₆ (pyridoxine), and B₁₂ (cobalamin) are especially essential for proper nerve health and cognitive function. Deficiency in one or more of these vitamins for either intake or absorption can thus result in structural and functional damage to the nervous system Exploring the Importance of Key B Vitamins Thiamine (Vitamin B₁): Acts as a coenzyme for glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism It assists in the conduction of electrical impulses down the nerves. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B₆): Utilized in the production of GABA, dopamine, and serotonin—mood and cognition-related neurotransmitters. Helps with myelin production and myelin enhances nerve fibre insulation. Cobalamin (Vitamin B₁₂): Required for DNA replication, production of red blood cells and for myelin upkeep. Protects the spinal cord and make signals are sent quicker to the brain. Other B Vitamins (B₂, B₃, B₅, B₇, B₉): Assist in energy metabolism, cellular growth, and repair. indirectly contribute through supporting cellular health Why Early Intervention Matters For mild B-vitamin insufficiency, the symptoms can be imperceptible, general fatigue, irritability, or slight memory problems, but any type of early symptom that develops shouldn't be disregarded. Due to the health risks associated with B12 deficiency, healthcare professionals are now recommending proactive screening in at-risk populations, which include older adults, pure vegetarians, and individuals with gastrointestinal disorders that interfere with absorption. More specifically, intravenous therapies like eldervit injection is used for repletion of serum cobalamin levels more rapidly than oral supplements are capable of providing when oral supplements are ineffective. Effects of Deficiency in Vitamin B on Nerve Health Peripheral Neuropathy The first to suffer damage are often the nerves in the hands and feet, when B-vitamin levels run low: Signs and symptoms: Tingling, numbness, burning pain and muscle weakness. A 2024 trial showed that a combined supplementation of B₁₂ and B₆ decreased the neuropathic pain scores in the participants by 35% over a period of three months. Autonomic Dysfunction However, it is not just sensory nerves that can be involved; autonomic fibres which control blood pressure and gut motility, are also at risk: Signs and symptoms:  Postural dizziness, dysmotility, and hyperhidrosis. Defective transmission of the autonomic neurons due to mitochondrial dysfunction Effect on Brain Activity and Mental Health Cognitive Decline Long-term deficiency of B₁₂ and folate (B₉) is associated with a more rapid decline in memory and executive function. Symptoms include forgetfulness, short attention span, and slower processing speed. Neural damage resulting from deficient DNA repair and increased homocysteine 2023 Clinical Trials: Weekly B₁₂ injections have been shown to improve mild cognitive impairment cognitive test scores from 4 to 20 O/C in 2023. Mood Disorders Lowering of B₆, B₉, and B₁₂ has been associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety: Signs: Low mood lasting a relatively long time, discomfort, and a lack of sleep. Reduced neurotransmitter production and enhanced neuroinflammation Neurodegenerative Risk Chronic hyperhomocysteinaemia, usually caused by B₁₂ or B₉ deficiency, is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Current research is assessing whether persistent restoration of B-vitamin concentrations can attenuate disease progression. Management Oral Supplementation Common dosages: 1,000–2,000 µg/d B₁₂ and 50–100 mg/d B₆ in tablets per day. Limitations: Malabsorption, pernicious anaemia or GI surgical procedure. Parenteral Therapy Injectables B₁₂ preparations: IM or SC injectables that bypass absorption hurdles Once weekly to start stores, then monthly for maintenance. B₁₂ with folate has been combined in formulations such as the eldervit injection for the concomitant recovery of both vitamins. Dietary Interventions Animal-Source Foods: Meat, dairy and eggs offer easy access (bioavailable) B₁₂. Some fortified food items: Cereals, plant-based milk alternatives fortified with B₁₂ and folic acid. Vegetarians and Vegans: Fortified nutritional yeast and high-dose oral supplements. Preventative and supportive actions Annual monitoring for high-risk patients will prevent irreversible nerve damage. Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption, and not smoking maintain B-vitamin status and general neural well-being. Adjunctive Therapies: Options for pain relief in neuropathy may also include physical therapy, topical agents, and neuromodulatory medications. Recent Developments Higher Older Adult RDAs (2024): Reported a higher daily intake guideline for older adults, due to the decreased absorption with age. Mobile health app New apps monitor nutrient consumption and send reminders to take supplements or injections. Synergistic approaches are continuing to develop, such as B-vitamins with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids with neuroprotective co-effects. Conclusion Although the lack of vitamin B is a significant danger to the nerves and brain, which contribute to lost function, there is an opportunity to help the individual as many of its effects are easily totally reversed with early supplementation. Target parenteral, oral , and injectable therapies all have important roles in promoting clinical well-being.  In order to ensure patients get reliable cobalamin repletion, especially in cases where absorption is impaired, consider these innovative combination therapies, walcobal kit injection 1, providing accurate dosages of B₁₂ and other supporting B-vitamins for long term neurological health support. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26403/sme-loan-essentials-a-first-time-borrowers-guide-to-biotech-and-business-funding.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26403/sme-loan-essentials-a-first-time-borrowers-guide-to-biotech-and-business-funding.html Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Running a small or medium-sized enterprise takes vision, dedication, and, most importantly, financial resources. If you are a first-time borrower planning to apply for an SME Loan, meeting the right eligibility conditions is crucial.  A loan can help you expand operations, boost working capital, or invest in machinery or manpower. However, before the funds are received, your SME Loan eligibility must be in order. Here is a detailed checklist that first-time borrowers in India can use to prepare and apply confidently. Basic Eligibility Criteria for SME Loans Before starting the application process, it is essential to review the fundamental criteria that most lenders look for. If you are looking to apply for an SME Loan with L&T Finance, the following SME Loan eligibility criteria must be fulfilled: Age Limit: Applicants should be between 24 to 65 Years. Business Turnover: Annual turnover must range from ₹ 80 Lakh to ₹ 500 Crore. Ownership of Property: The applicant must own either the business premises or the residence. Business Continuity: The business must be in operation for at least 3 Years. Credit History: A minimum credit history of 6 months is essential. How Is SME Loan Eligibility Calculated? Understanding how your eligibility is determined helps you prepare more effectively. Lenders use a combination of financial, credit, and business factors to evaluate loan applications. 1. Revenue Assessment Your business's annual turnover and net profit are evaluated to judge its earning capacity. A strong and consistent income shows lenders that you are likely to repay the loan on time. 2. Financial Ratios Two key financial ratios are commonly used: Debt-to-Income Ratio: This indicates the percentage of your income that is already being used to repay existing debts. Lower is better. Current Ratio: Indicates whether your business has enough assets to cover short-term liabilities. 3. Credit History Check A healthy credit report reflects your repayment behaviour. Lenders check your: Past repayment track record Outstanding debts History of loan defaults or delays 4. Collateral Valuation (For Secured Loans) If the SME Loan requires collateral, its value is assessed to ensure it adequately covers the loan amount being requested. 5. Business Plan Evaluation Lenders often review your business plan to understand: The purpose of the loan Growth projections Expected outcomes from the loan utilisation This gives them confidence in your business direction. Factors That Impact SME Loan Eligibility When applying for an SME loan, several key elements of your business profile are considered in determining your eligibility. Here are the key factors lenders usually evaluate: Credit Score: A good credit history reflects your business’s ability to repay loans on time and can influence approval decisions. Business Vintage: Lenders typically prefer businesses that have been operational for a minimum of 2–3 years or more. Annual Turnover and Revenue Stability: A steady and sufficient revenue stream assures lenders of your ability to repay. Profitability and Financial Ratios: Healthy profit margins and strong financial ratios, such as the debt-to-income ratio, indicate sound financial management. Cash Flow Management: Consistent cash flow helps ensure timely EMI payments, reducing the risk for lenders. Tax Return Filings: Regular and updated income tax and GST filings demonstrate transparency and financial discipline. Existing Liabilities: Lenders assess your current debt obligations to evaluate if your business can handle additional repayment responsibilities. Documentation and Compliance: Proper submission of required documents, including KYC, financial statements, and business proofs, is essential for smooth loan processing. Required Documents for SME Loan Application Having all the documents ready is a must. While the exact list varies, most lenders require: KYC Documents: Aadhaar Card, PAN Card, Passport, Driving Licence. Business Registration Proof: GST registration, shop act licence, etc. Income Proof: Audited financials, bank statements, and income tax returns for the past 1–2 years. Ownership Proof: Documents proving ownership of residence or office premises. Accurate and updated documentation can significantly reduce processing time and improve your chances of approval. How to Improve Your SME Loan Eligibility If you feel your profile may not meet all the conditions, do not worry. There are practical ways to improve your position before applying. 1. Maintain a Healthy Credit Score Pay your EMIs and credit card bills on time. Avoid applying for multiple loans at once. A strong credit score helps you qualify for better loan terms and a competitive SME Loan interest rate. 2. Organise and Update Financial Records Ensure your business is fully compliant with tax filings and regulatory documentation. Lenders appreciate transparency. 3. Improve Cash Flow Ensure your bank statements reflect a consistent inflow of revenue. Delay in vendor payments or erratic account activity could create doubts. 4. Reduce Existing Debts Repaying smaller loans or credit lines will reduce your debt burden and improve your SME Loan eligibility. 5. Build a Clear Business Plan Your application must show how the loan will be used. Having a focused plan with revenue projections and return timelines strengthens your credibility. Importance of SME Loan Interest Rate When planning to borrow, the SME Loan interest rate plays a significant role in determining your total borrowing cost. A lower interest rate helps reduce the EMI and total interest outgo. Factors that influence the interest rate you are offered include: Credit score Business financials Loan amount and tenure Type of loan – secured or unsecured Improving these aspects before applying gives you the advantage of securing a better deal. Conclusion If you’re a first-time borrower, knowing where you stand and taking proactive steps to strengthen your profile is key. Understanding SME Loan eligibility and the factors affecting the MSME Loan interest rate ensures your journey towards funding your business is smoother, faster, and more successful. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26345/court-states-that-maternity-leave-is-a-vital-right-for-women-in-the-workforce.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/26345/court-states-that-maternity-leave-is-a-vital-right-for-women-in-the-workforce.html Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0530 This landmark observation, delivered during a recent case involving a woman denied leave for her third child, highlights the evolving role of maternity insurance and health insurance for parents in safeguarding family and workforce interests. This declaration not only protects the rights of mothers but also reinforces the broader healthcare ecosystem that must adapt to the changing realities of Indian families and workplaces. Maternity leave as a constitutional necessity In a strong statement, the apex court ruled that maternity leave is not merely a benefit or privilege, but an enforceable constitutional right. The case pertained to a woman government servant who had applied for maternity leave following the birth of her third child. Despite existing Central Civil Services Leave Rules limiting benefits beyond two children, the Supreme Court underscored that no woman should be forced to choose between employment and motherhood. The court noted that maternity leave plays a critical role in protecting the health of both the mother and the child. This stands aligned with international conventions as well, including the Maternity Protection Convention of the International Labour Organization, which India has ratified. Intersection of maternity insurance and employee rights With the court’s emphasis on maternity as a right, the focus is now shifting to adequate coverage through maternity insurance. In India, most comprehensive health plans now include some form of maternity benefit, but there are caps, sub-limits, and waiting periods that often make access difficult for many women, especially in the private workforce or informal sector. Maternity insurance typically covers: Hospitalisation costs during delivery (normal or C-section) Pre-natal and post-natal expenses Newborn care (up to 90 days in some policies) Vaccination and consultation costs in certain plans However, many health policies require a waiting period of 9 months to 4 years before these benefits can be accessed. This presents a barrier for newly married or expecting couples who did not plan early. Given the court's stand, there is likely to be more regulatory pressure on insurers to offer more inclusive maternity insurance options. Role of health insurance for parents in household security While maternity insurance focuses on new life, health insurance for parents remains a parallel concern for many families, especially when managing finances across generations. With rising healthcare costs and increased life expectancy, ensuring elderly parents have access to quality treatment is essential. Many employers now offer health insurance for parents as an add-on benefit under group health schemes. These policies provide: Coverage for pre-existing diseases (subject to waiting periods) Cashless hospitalisation Access to a wide network of hospitals Option for top-up or super top-up policies for additional protection As more Indian households adopt nuclear family structures, providing health insurance for parents becomes not only a financial strategy but also an emotional commitment. The combination of maternity benefits for new mothers and health coverage for aging parents is a balanced way to secure all generations of a family. Impact on women’s participation in the workforce The Supreme Court’s reiteration of maternity rights is a step toward closing the gap in female workforce participation. Many women in India either leave jobs during pregnancy or are denied re-entry into the job market due to lack of supportive infrastructure. Recognising maternity leave as a legal right, regardless of the number of children, could help improve workforce retention and gender equality. Workplaces with inclusive maternity policies often report higher employee satisfaction, better long-term productivity, and lower attrition rates among women employees. Employers may also need to revise their HR policies in line with judicial guidance to avoid future legal risks. Public and private sector response While government employees are typically entitled to 180 days of paid maternity leave, private sector policies vary significantly. The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 mandates 26 weeks of paid leave for establishments with more than 10 employees. However, implementation and enforcement remain inconsistent. Given the court’s directive, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) may consider introducing guidelines that mandate maternity coverage in all comprehensive individual and family health policies. Additionally, incentives could be provided to insurers who offer maternity benefits without excessive waiting periods. The path forward for inclusive healthcare This judicial ruling should prompt both government bodies and private employers to re-examine their healthcare policies. A more inclusive approach to maternity insurance and broader health insurance for parents can promote a healthier workforce and family structure. Moreover, awareness drives are needed to educate employees, especially women, about their legal rights and healthcare options. Many workers remain unaware of the benefits they can claim or the insurance they are eligible for. Building a culture of informed decisions and proactive planning is essential to bridge this gap. Conclusion Maternity leave is not merely a personal need; it is a societal responsibility and a constitutional right, as reaffirmed by the Supreme Court. This judicial clarity strengthens the case for better maternity insurance, comprehensive health coverage, and improved support for working women. As India advances toward a more equitable and health-conscious future, equal emphasis must be placed on both ends of the family spectrum—ensuring new mothers are cared for through maternity benefits, while elderly parents are protected through health insurance. When combined, these safeguards form the foundation of a healthy, balanced society.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26232/future-of-cardiothoracic-surgery-with-robotics.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26232/future-of-cardiothoracic-surgery-with-robotics.html Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Cardiothoracic surgery is one of the most complex subspecialties of surgical medicine and is on the verge of a transformation, a technological change. Transcatheter and Robotic-assisted surgery are at the center of this change and promise to make cardiothoracic surgery less invasive and with lesser duration of hospitalization and more cosmetically appealing with early return to work.  While still evolving, robotic systems are increasingly becoming a part of the surgical landscape, offering new possibilities for hospitals, clinicians, and patients alike. Need for Precision Cardiothoracic procedures deal with critical organs like the heart, lungs, and surrounding structures in the chest. Historically, these procedures entail extensive incisions, rib spreading, and extended recovery times. Robotic surgery is changing this paradigm. By enabling surgeons to work from tiny wounds with robotic arms controlled via a console, these systems offer unparalleled precision, versatility, and control. High-definition 3D visualization and motion scaling allow surgeons to execute fine maneuvers that would be challenging with the human hand with a small hole. Therefore, mitral valve repairs that were once done via open-heart surgery now can be done with keyhole wounds, often with comparable outcomes in experienced hands. Advantages Outside of the Operating Table Benefits from robotic cardiothoracic surgery are being observed everywhere. Smaller wounds Less blood loss Fewer chances for infection Less time spent in the ICU and quicker recovery Less pain after surgery and quicker return to work Research has demonstrated that robot-assisted coronary artery bypass and valve surgery can shorten hospital stays by up to 50%, with patients being discharged as quickly as 3–4 days after surgery. Adoption is Accelerating Worldwide, robotic surgery procedures have surpassed 1.2 million annually, with cardiothoracic and cardiovascular surgeries comprising an increasing share of advanced interventions. The global robotic surgery market is expected to reach $14.4 billion by 2026, with double-digit growth expected in Asian-Pacific economies. In India, adoption is increasing steadily and several super-specialty hospitals in metros such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Chennai have started performing robotic-assisted cardiothoracic surgeries. Although it is still a small percentage of total cardiac surgeries, year-on-year growth is increasing, and indicates increasing confidence in robotic systems both from clinicians and patients. The surgical instruments designed for robotic systems in India come from both international and local suppliers. These companies are also involved in the development of robotic surgical platforms and thereby also contributes to the Indian economy. This whole ecosystem and chain of supply contributes to many hospitals obtaining high-end technology that has been developed with Indian surgery needs and cost in mind. Moreover, healthcare centres are starting to incorporate robotic training modules into their surgical programmes and get their consultants trained in robotic surgery. This is an important measure in providing long-term scalability and developing a next generation of robot-capable surgeons. Realigning Surgical Training and Mindsets The incorporation of robotics is transforming not only tools but methods. Surgeons are taught to think differently, transitioning from direct hand proficiency to console-based coordination. This necessitates new ways of training, such as simulation-based modules, remote mentoring, and increased learning curves. The difficulty is in standardizing this training throughout institutions, geographies and differing surgical volumes.  But the advantage is considerable: hospitals that invest in early robotic skill-building are likely to be better prepared as robotic systems become commonplace in surgical care. Challenges Still Remain While the advantages are obvious, there are hurdles to wider adoption: High cost of equipment and maintenance Marginally accessible to non-urban and tier 2/3 areas Requirement of specialized mentorship and training More extended operation time in the early phases of learning Diffuse and calcific coronary artery disease In India Smaller coronary arteries compared to Caucasian cohorts Smaller intercostal spaces compared to Caucasian patients Case selection due to demand Lesser number of grafts during learning curve These challenges are considerable, particularly in low-resource environments. Still, as larger numbers of hospitals come forward and document successful cases and learning results, the financial bottom line will be likely to shift in the favor of robots. Government measures and healthcare reimbursement models can likewise contribute to push fair access through incentivizing the use of robots as well as education in public hospitals. What's Next? Looking to the future, the future waves of robotic development will involve: Robotic systems aided by AI that recommend the best patient selection and cohorts, incision points or tissue manipulations 5G-enabled remote surgeries, enabling the best surgeons to treat patients from anywhere in the world Seamless analytics, providing real-time insights into patient vitals, surgical optimization, and predictive results All these are not decades ahead and are already under development or in a small pilot phase in research institutes across the globe. For India, this presents an opportunity to leapfrog traditional models and directly integrate next-gen surgical infrastructure, especially in centers of excellence. Robotic-assisted cardiothoracic surgery is not a replacement for skilled surgeons, it is an enhancement. As hospitals and health systems plan, now is the time to invest in infrastructure, training, and talent that can support this evolving approach. The future of cardiothoracic surgery will not be defined solely by the surgeon’s hand, but by how well human skill and robotic precision can work together in achieving better outcomes for patients.   Dr Anandathirtha HS, Sr. Consultant and Head – Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Ramaiah Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Ramaiah Memorial Hospital ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26208/why-we-must-clarify-the-difference-between-drugs-and-nutraceuticals.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26208/why-we-must-clarify-the-difference-between-drugs-and-nutraceuticals.html Thu, 05 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0530 In India’s evolving health marketplace, consumers today have unprecedented access to a wide range of products from over-the-counter (OTC) medications to dietary supplements and herbal remedies. But this growing access comes with a growing misconception: that all health products available at pharmacies or online have been subjected to the same level of clinical testing and regulatory scrutiny. Self-medication, the act of individuals treating their own health conditions without professional consultation, is common in India, especially among lower- and middle-income groups, with prevalence rates ranging from 8.3% to 92%. Rising healthcare costs, long wait times, and easily available online information have only accelerated this trend. At the same time, the rise of wellness-focused products such as supplements, herbal extracts and fortified foods, has blurred the line between what qualifies as a drug and what does not. Nutraceuticals, dietary supplements or fortified foods promoted for health benefits, often mimic the appearance of drugs, from packaging to placement in pharmacies, making them indistinguishable from medicines. . Without clear communication, it’s easy to assume that all health-related products undergo similar clinical testing before reaching consumers. In reality, that is far from the case. Regulatory Differences: OTC Drugs vs Nutraceuticals OTC drugs, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, are regulated by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. These products undergo a multi-phase clinical trial process spanning 3-5 years or even longer. These trials evaluate safety, efficacy, dosage, pharmacokinetics, and potential drug interactions with oversight from institutional ethics committees (IECs) to ensure informed consent and monitor adverse events. Nutraceuticals, by contrast, fall under the purview of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). These include dietary supplements, functional foods, and herbal preparations. While some studies may be conducted to support general wellness claims, there is no legal requirement for large-scale clinical trials before launch. Most do not undergo long-term safety monitoring or pharmacological evaluation. This regulatory divergence is critical but often unknown to the end user. One of the reasons for this perception is a lack of awareness about what clinical trials actually involve. For pharmaceuticals, clinical trials are structured, multi-phase studies that include hundreds to thousands of participants. They assess how a product behaves in the body, what potential adverse effects it might have, and how it compares to existing treatment options. By comparison, when nutraceuticals are studied, the trials are typically small-scale often with fewer than 200 participants and focused more on general well-being than treatment outcomes. These studies are typically shorter in duration, and often lack the level of regulatory or ethical oversight required for pharmaceuticals. Real-World Risks Although FSSAI and the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) provide guidance on health claims, enforcement can be inconsistent. The rise of digital platforms and influencer-led promotions makes it easier than ever for ambiguous messages to reach large audiences. As a result, consumers may believe that all products are backed by rigorous evidence, when in fact the standards vary widely. The consequences of this misconception are significant. Misguided reliance on untested supplements can lead to health risks, such as liver toxicity, kidney damage, heart complications, or adverse interactions with medications. In addition, lower-income groups, often unable to afford doctor visits or diagnostics, are particularly vulnerable, relying heavily on affordable but unverified products. The rise of e-commerce exacerbates these risks. Online platforms, with their vast reach and minimal oversight, amplify misleading claims through unverified sellers or influencer endorsements. User reviews often present anecdotal success stories as scientific proof, further confusing shoppers. Solutions for a safer tomorrow As India’s health ecosystem expands, so too does the need for clearer public communication. Consumers deserve to understand the difference between products that have undergone extensive testing and those that have not. Greater transparency around clinical evidence, regulatory standards, and marketing claims can help individuals make more informed choices and strengthen public trust in the system as a whole. Bridging the knowledge gap between pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals is not about limiting access or innovation. It’s about ensuring that safety, science, and informed decision-making go hand in hand.   Dr Kausik Maiti, Executive Director, Safety Medical Sciences, Parexel ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26076/navigating-cdscos-new-application-policy-for-cosmetics-the-50-product-limit-explained.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26076/navigating-cdscos-new-application-policy-for-cosmetics-the-50-product-limit-explained.html Mon, 05 May 2025 00:00:00 +0530 In India, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regulates cosmetic products under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and the Cosmetics Rules 2020. All cosmetic products—whether imported or locally manufactured—must comply with registration, labeling, and safety requirements before entering the market. For imported cosmetics, brand owners must register each brand and product category (e.g., creams, lotions, masks) with the CDSCO. This process involves submitting Form COS-1 through an authorized Indian agent and documentation such as a Free Sale Certificate (FSC), product specifications, Letter of Authorization (LOA), and other necessary documents. Previously, there was no limit on the number of products per application, but each product and variant had to be distinctly listed. Registration Certificates are valid for five years upon approval. Effective August 16, 2024, the CDSCO has introduced a new guideline through the SUGAM portal, capping each application at a maximum of 50 products. Companies can still submit multiple applications for additional products. This change aims to streamline the registration process and enhance efficiency while aligning with the Cosmetics Rules, 2020. This editorial explores the rationale, benefits, and challenges associated with this policy shift to help stakeholders adapt to the updated requirements.   Understanding the Policy Change The CDSCO’s 50-product limit per application is designed to optimize the cosmetics registration process in India. By capping submissions to a manageable number of products, the CDSCO aims to reduce processing times and improve the quality of reviews. This adjustment addresses the increasing volume of applications in India's rapidly expanding cosmetics market, allowing for a more efficient and thorough examination of each submission. This policy is part of the CDSCO’s broader mission to reinforce regulatory compliance across the industry, ensuring that products meet stringent safety and quality standards. By expediting market entry for compliant products, the CDSCO establishes a more accountable framework that minimizes risks associated with unregulated or inadequately documented products. Overall, this initiative advances the CDSCO's commitment to public health by enforcing higher standards and bolstering the credibility of cosmetic products available to Indian consumers.   Rationale Behind the 50-Product Limit The introduction of the 50-product cap strategically addresses the increasing volume of applications in the rapidly growing cosmetics sector. The CDSCO faces the challenge of processing a high number of submissions while upholding rigorous quality control standards. This new policy enables the organization to focus its resources more effectively, leading to reduced processing delays and enhanced application reviews. By limiting the number of products submitted in a single application, the CDSCO can ensure each application receives the necessary attention. This approach not only improves processing times but also fosters a streamlined review process, ultimately facilitating quicker market access for compliant products. Furthermore, this limit aligns with the CDSCO’s commitment to upholding the Cosmetics Rules, 2020, which emphasize safety and quality. By preventing an overwhelming influx of applications, the CDSCO safeguards public health and consumer trust in available cosmetic products. Thus, this policy reflects a proactive step toward balancing industry growth with regulatory diligence.   Benefits of Streamlined Applications Efficiency in Processing Limiting the number of products per application allows for a more focused review, reducing bottlenecks in evaluation and leading to more efficient resource allocation within the CDSCO. Improved Quality Control: A manageable application size enables thorough scrutiny of each product, reinforcing safety and efficacy standards to ensure compliance before market entry. Timely Disposal of Applications: A cap provides applicants with quicker responses, facilitating faster product launches and enabling companies to respond more agilely to market demands. Enhanced Clarity in Documentation: With fewer products to evaluate simultaneously, the chances of documentation errors or inconsistencies are minimized, resulting in a more straightforward application process. Facilitation of Compliance Training: A streamlined process can serve as a learning opportunity for companies to better understand compliance requirements, leading to improved quality in future applications. Encouragement of Strategic Planning: Companies may prioritize product launches and submissions more thoughtfully, leading to a more strategic approach to market entry. Support for Regulatory Transparency: Clearly defining application limits enhances transparency in the regulatory process, allowing stakeholders to better understand submission requirements and fostering trust and collaboration.   Challenges for Stakeholders While the new 50-product limit offers notable advantages, it also presents challenges for stakeholders in the cosmetics industry. Companies accustomed to submitting large batches of products in a single application must adapt to this segmented approach, impacting their operational processes. Administrative Adjustments: Transitioning to a model that limits products per application necessitates re-evaluating existing administrative workflows. Businesses may need to implement new systems to manage multiple applications effectively, leading to potential disruptions during the adjustment period. Increased Resource Demands: The segmented approach may require additional resources in terms of personnel and technology. Companies may need to hire more staff or reassign existing employees to handle the increased workload, which can strain smaller businesses with limited budgets. Potential for Increased Costs: Managing multiple applications could lead to higher operational costs, including additional fees for separate submissions and potential consulting services to navigate the new requirements. Companies must carefully consider budget allocations for these changes. Maintaining Consistency: Ensuring consistency across multiple submissions is critical. Stakeholders must establish robust internal checks to guarantee adherence to standards, as inconsistencies could result in delays or rejections. Communication Challenges: Clear communication between stakeholders, including regulatory authorities and internal teams, is essential. Miscommunication can lead to confusion and delays, especially when different teams manage separate applications. Navigating Regulatory Changes: Staying informed about ongoing changes in the cosmetics regulatory landscape requires a commitment to continuous learning and adaptation, which can be challenging in a fast-paced market. Overall, while the new policy aims to enhance the registration process, stakeholders must be prepared to face these challenges head-on. By adopting proactive strategies and investing in resources, companies can effectively navigate this transition and thrive in the evolving cosmetics market. Conclusion The CDSCO's implementation of the 50-product limit marks a significant shift in the cosmetics registration landscape in India. This policy is designed to streamline the application process, enhance regulatory compliance, and improve the overall quality of cosmetic products entering the market. While the new limit offers benefits such as increased efficiency and quicker processing times, it also poses challenges for stakeholders accustomed to submitting large batches of products. Companies must adapt to a more segmented approach, requiring adjustments to workflows, resource allocations, and strategic planning. Successfully navigating these challenges depends on the industry's willingness to embrace transparency, maintain clear communication, and invest in training and resources. As the cosmetics market continues to grow, collaboration among stakeholders—including regulatory authorities, manufacturers, and consumers—will be crucial for ensuring compliance and safety. By proactively addressing the challenges associated with this new policy, stakeholders can contribute to a more robust regulatory framework that prioritizes public health and consumer trust. Ultimately, the 50-product limit represents not just a regulatory change but an opportunity for the cosmetics industry to enhance its standards and practices, fostering a safer and more competitive market for all.   Saba Anjum, Junior Associate, Consumer - Cosmetics, Freyr Solutions ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26073/future-of-patient-recruitment-lies-in-strategic-supportable-engagement-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/26073/future-of-patient-recruitment-lies-in-strategic-supportable-engagement-.html Sat, 03 May 2025 00:00:00 +0530 I'll start the article by introducing the ‘Recruitment Drift Syndrome’. What does it signify? Patients drift away before the site is ready to recruit. But what about commitments we (Site team) were given while filling feasibility and during site selection visit? India is experiencing a significant change in the clinical research landscape. The nation is becoming a considerable location for international clinical trials due to its fast expanding pharmaceutical industry, rising disease load, and advancements in digital healthcare. A major problem, nevertheless, even with the large patient base and expanding infrastructure i.e. Patient recruitment. More than 80% of trial delays worldwide are caused by delayed patient recruitment, and socio-cultural complexity, ignorance, and low interaction between sponsors and investigators create additional obstacles in India. With more than 20 years of experience as a clinical research professional, I have seen firsthand both the problems and the solutions that can change this story. A site-centric, technology-enabled paradigm designed specifically for India is presented in this paper. It enhances patient recruitment while fostering long-lasting relationships between sponsors and clinical sites.   The Actual Situation; Difficulties in Recruiting Patients: Insufficient Patient Knowledge The majority of patients in India are not aware that clinical trials are a viable therapeutic option, despite the country's high disease burden. Few people think about taking part, mostly because they are afraid, feel stigmatized, or don't know enough about it. Overworked Sites and Investigators Site staff frequently handle several studies with little assistance, which restricts their ability to successfully recruit, interact with patients and search patient outside the site. We should not forget that oversee the clinical study is not a primary job of Investigators involved in this, they have other tasks as Clinician, Academician, Member of different committees and vice versa. Issues with Eligibility and Protocol Complexity A high screen failure rate is caused by strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and inadequately localized methods. Fewer Referrals to Doctors Private practitioners and trial locations are not in communication. The majority of doctors are neither encouraged nor trained to refer qualified patients to the trial site. Insufficient Technology Use Digital technologies that facilitate recruitment, engagement, and data flow are frequently lacking for sites and investigators especially in tier-2/3 cities.   Presenting the Tech-Enabled and Site-Centric Model: Sponsors need to reconsider their recruitment approach in order to overcome these obstacles. A successful model needs to be:   Adaptable to the local environment (Plan A might work for Site X but not for Site Y). Digitally connected (referral & outreach dashboards, digital pre-screening tools, and EMR/OPD data integration). Focused on the referral network and location (e.g., feedback loops, doctor education programs, referral mapping, feedback loops, ethical honoraria, certificates, or acknowledgments). This is a model that has worked well in many studies although providing outcome seen in Ophthalmology and Paediatrics. Using Sites as Strategic Centres When equipped with the appropriate tools and ecosystem, sites become more than just places to conduct trials; they are also recruitment engines. Sponsors ought to: Work together to determine viability with site input on reasonable schedules Co-create recruitment objectives and metrics Assign coordinators specifically for site recruitment.   Making Use of the PICs Framework Presenting the PICs Framework, a strategy model for locating and enlisting physicians to refer patients to trials: PICs = Potential + Interested + Comfortable doctors Impact on Sponsors: Increases referral rates and site-level enrollment forecasts. Targeted engagement results in fewer screen failures.   Online Promotion and Pre-Screening To lessen the workload for coordinators, sponsors ought to invest on e-consent, chatbot-assisted patient education, and pre-screening systems that are coupled with EMR/EHR tools. Employ geo-targeted advertisements to inform particular patient groups. To assess interest, use mobile-friendly pre-screeners. Use dashboards to share pre-screening data with websites. Content for Localized Patient Education Convert recruitment brochures, trial summaries, and other site or study specific material into local languages. Culturally relevant content increases engagement delivered via SMS or WhatsApp,.   Honoraria and Referral Partnerships Openness (Under guidelines of Ethics Committee or Regulatory Body). Through fair recognition, referral acknowledgment, and MOU-based referral systems, promote moral and open doctor collaboration. Arrange referral summits every three months with involved HCPs. Provide documentation of every referral touch points that is audit-safe.   Real-World Application: Ophthalmology study in Lucknow: Using the PICs model including tech-enabled support, our team activated over 100 referral doctors (Government Hospitals/Private centres/Clinics/Diagnostics centres especially doing OCT) in around 6 months across same city and periphery of 300 km. Within 30 days: Referral-to-consent ratio improved by 41% Completed enrolment 22 days ahead of schedule Doctor engagement satisfaction increased Site had finished at 2nd in global ranking   Paediatric study in Delhi and Lucknow: Our team actively approached more than 120 referral physicians in the same city over the course of about six months (Government Hospitals, Private Centres, Clinics, and particularly Paediatricians, including Mohalla Clinics). In ten days, we started getting referrals and finally came to conclusion: 450 subjects were enrolled at 3 sites in 2 cities in around 6 months 100 subjects were enrolled in just 4 weeks at Lucknow site Referral-to-consent ratio improved by 85% Trial completed enrollment 10 days ahead of schedule   Strategic Recommendations: Create referral-ready procedures while taking Indian site constraints into account. The study startup phase budget for digital pre-screening tools. Include the PICs model in the outreach and site viability plan. Assist sites undergoing digital transformation, from EMR integration to WhatsApp outreach. Create a site-sponsor-doctor triangle that encourages cooperation rather than only observation. Small budget for recruitment leads to substantial impact to the clinical trial cycle.   Conclusion: India has enormous potential for patient recruitment, but sponsors need to think beyond the box. In addition to expediting their deadlines, sponsors can establish credibility within the local clinical research ecosystem by developing site-centric, digitally enabled, and referral-smart models, such as the PICs framework designed by the author. The future of patient recruitment lies in strategic, supportable engagement — and the time to act is now. A well-crafted and practical recruitment strategy, tailored to the real-world challenges of the site, facilitates faster link with the right patients and drives the accomplishment of research goals. “In research, time isn’t just money — it’s medication, momentum, and meaningful outcomes.” Every delayed enrolment in any clinical study is a step away from hope — for the patient, the doctor, and the data.   Puneet Kumar, Clinical Research Consultant, Founder, Medivista Research (India) ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25962/future-of-medtech-and-medical-services-in-india-a-transformational-leap.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25962/future-of-medtech-and-medical-services-in-india-a-transformational-leap.html Tue, 08 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530 The Indian MedTech and healthcare services industry stands at the brink of a groundbreaking transformation. Fuelled by rapid technological advancements, progressive government initiatives, and a substantial increase in healthcare expenditure, the MedTech sector is primed for unprecedented expansion. The Union Budget 2025 laid a strong foundation for a more resilient and advanced healthcare ecosystem, thereby setting the stage for remarkable progress in Point-of-Care (PoC) technology, AI-driven diagnostics, and cutting-edge digital healthcare solutions in the coming years.   Union Budget 2025: A Boost for Healthcare Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s announcement of an 11% increase in healthcare expenditure from the previous fiscal year signals the government’s reinforced commitment to strengthening the sector. With rising healthcare demands and an evolving MedTech landscape, this boost in spending is both timely and necessary. This budgetary allocation is designed to: Strengthen healthcare infrastructure to provide better accessibility and quality of care across the country. Promote medical tourism, thereby making India a preferred global destination for high-quality, affordable treatments. Encourage research and development (R&D) in medical technology to develop cutting-edge solutions. Boost public-private partnerships to ensure government policies and private sector capabilities work together for better healthcare services. Although this is a step in the right direction, experts believe that there are gaps that require urgent attention. Industry professionals expected bigger incentives for R&D in medical technology, extensive tax benefits for private healthcare investments, and increased support for manufacturing medical devices in India under the 'Make in India' initiative. Without these, India's MedTech sector may struggle to keep pace with global counterparts, limiting its potential to become a true leader in healthcare innovation.   The Digital Healthcare Revolution One of the most transformative changes in India’s healthcare sector is the adoption of digital healthcare technologies. AI-driven diagnostics and automation are reshaping how doctors identify and treat diseases, making healthcare more precise and efficient. By minimizing misdiagnoses, accelerating treatment decisions, and optimizing medical workflows, AI is alleviating the strain on India’s overburdened healthcare system. With rising patient loads, these intelligent solutions enable doctors to deliver faster and more accurate care, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Another significant advancement is the growth of telemedicine and IoT-enabled (Internet of Things) medical devices. These technologies are bridging the gap between patients and healthcare providers, particularly in remote and underserved areas. Through virtual consultations, individuals can access expert medical advice without the need for long and costly travel. IoT-enabled medical devices further enhance patient monitoring, allowing real-time tracking of vital health parameters and early detection of potential health issues. As digital healthcare platforms gain widespread adoption, India’s healthcare system is evolving into one that is more accessible, patient-centric, and cost-effective. By integrating these innovations, the country is not only addressing healthcare disparities but also paving the way for a future where high-quality medical care is within reach for all.   The Rise of Point-of-Care Technology and AI PoC technology, combined with the IoT, is redefining modern healthcare. Patients can now track vital health parameters from the comfort of their homes, drastically reducing dependency on traditional lab visits. This paradigm shift, powered by AI and ML (Machine Learning) integration, is revolutionizing early detection, thus enabling faster interventions, and significantly improving patient outcomes. The global PoC diagnostics market is projected to soar to $85.6 billion by 2027, with a robust CAGR of 9.4%. Meanwhile, AI-driven diagnostics have enhanced accuracy by 30-40%, slashing misdiagnoses rates and accelerating treatment decisions. The exponential rise in smart wearables and remote monitoring devices is paving the way for real-time health analytics and predictive care solutions, making proactive healthcare more accessible than ever before. For India’s overburdened public healthcare system, AI-driven early screening through PoC technology presents a game-changing opportunity. By shifting the focus from reactive to preventive care, this advancement can ease pressure on hospitals, optimise resource utilization, and ensure swifter, more efficient treatment for millions.   India as a Global Medical Tourism Hub India is rapidly establishing itself as a leading destination for medical tourists from around the world. With internationally accredited private hospitals, cutting-edge medical technology, and treatment costs that are significantly lower than those in Western countries, India is attracting a growing number of patients seeking high-quality healthcare at affordable prices. The country’s medical tourism industry is projected to reach $13 billion by 2026, driven by increasing global demand for advanced yet cost-effective medical treatments. Several factors make India a preferred choice for international patients: Highly qualified doctors and surgeons trained in globally recognized institutions, offering expertise in a wide range of medical specialties. State-of-the-art hospitals equipped with world-class infrastructure and the latest innovations in medical technology, ensuring high success rates in complex procedures. Affordable healthcare, with treatments costing 50-70% less than in countries like the U.S., U.K., and other Western nations, making it a cost-effective alternative for patients without insurance or those facing long wait times in their home countries. Comprehensive alternative medicine options, including Ayurveda, naturopathy, and holistic therapies, which attract wellness-focused travellers looking for integrative treatment approaches. Additionally, India’s private hospitals are making significant investments to improve patient care, infrastructure, and service quality. Over the next two years, private healthcare spending is expected to grow by 12-15%, further boosting the MedTech and pharmaceutical industries. Many hospitals are also enhancing their international patient services by offering visa assistance, language support, concierge services, and specialized medical tourism packages. As India continues to refine its healthcare ecosystem with advanced medical procedures, cutting-edge research, and superior patient services, it is well on its way to becoming a global leader in medical tourism and a preferred destination for high-quality, affordable healthcare.   The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission: A Game Changer The Indian government is also taking major steps to digitize healthcare through the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM). This initiative is transforming how medical records and patient data are managed. By using cloud computing and encrypted digital systems, ABDM will: Enable seamless transfer of patient information between hospitals and clinics. Improve transparency in medical records, allowing patients to access their data easily. Reduce medical errors, unnecessary tests, and treatment duplications, making healthcare more efficient and precise. By streamlining patient data management, ABDM is laying the foundation for a smarter, more efficient, and globally competitive healthcare system in India.   The Road Ahead for India’s MedTech Industry Although India is still in the early stages of fully integrating medical technology into its healthcare system, the momentum is undeniable. With strong government backing, rapid technological advancements, and increasing private sector investments, the country is on track to become a global leader in healthcare innovation. The widespread adoption of AI-driven diagnostics, Point-of-Care technology, and digital healthcare solutions is set to transform the industry. These advancements will enhance efficiency, improve accessibility, and lower costs, making high-quality healthcare more attainable for millions. Beyond serving its growing population, India’s progress in MedTech will also strengthen its position as a key player in the international healthcare market. India is not just embracing a healthcare revolution—it is shaping the future of global medical innovation.   Mahesh Makhija- Founder, Chairman, and Managing Director of QMS Medical Allied Services ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25905/global-crisis-of-dental-caries-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25905/global-crisis-of-dental-caries-.html Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in humans and have been a significant issue within the dental community that can cause pain, various infections, and loss of teeth. This could eventually lead to functional and emotional trauma by affecting a person's appearance, emotional well-being, and self-esteem.  For decades, dentists and numerous health organisations have been working tirelessly to prevent this by attempting to decipher effective and efficient ways to decrease the prevalence of dental caries in patients. In order to eliminate the prevalence of dental caries across all age groups and genders, it is vital to understand how they affect the individual groups. A research project in the US has found that individuals ages 31-50 have the greatest amount of treated dental caries while individuals aged 6-8 have the least amount of treated dental caries. This is based on the evidence that the prevalence of treated dental caries was the highest among individuals aged 31-50 (52.7%) and the lowest among individuals aged 6-18 (49.7%).  The same project also concluded that females have a higher prevalence of treated dental caries than males across all age groups based on data suggesting that there is not only a greater amount of treated dental caries in females than males, but significantly more by at least 5.3%. Additionally, the average prevalence of treated dental caries in females of all ages was 29.9%, while the average prevalence of treated dental caries in males of all ages was 22.7%.  Considering India makes up around 17.5% of the world's population, it's an important country to observe when it comes to assessing the prevalence of dental caries based on demographics. Research from the EAS Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine in 2023, suggests that out of the 1.4 billion individuals in India, over half of them are affected by dental caries. Dental caries had a prevalence of 62% in patients over the age of 18 and 52% in patients aged 3-18 among the Indian population.  The presence of dental caries in India between males and females are quite similar with males showing a prevalence of 52%, and females with 49%. The males were proven to be mainly caused by behavioural factors while the prevalence indicated in females were related to genetic and biological factors.  Currently in India, there has been limited developments in the form of studies and research projects to find treatment for dental caries. This shields more than half the population from getting the healthcare needed to get treatment for their dental caries.  On the other hand, studies across the globe are showing developments of innovative solutions to counter this growing healthcare burden. For instance, a recent study from the Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology states that nanosystems for drug delivery has been a major development in terms of prevention and treatment of dental caries. The systems directly provide the drug to the lesion sites of the teeth, thus inducing a therapeutic effect on the patient, leading to fewer side effects that fortify the intended treatment effect by enhancing the bioavailability of the drug.  Further, the latest technology of 3D printing is educating patients by providing them with tangible and visual models of their oral anatomy and treatment plans, allowing for greater understanding and collaboration. The latest edition of 3D printing makes the treatment process of dental caries and other oral diseases significantly more efficient. It revolutionises dentistry by allowing for highly accurate and precise dental models, prosthetics, and surgical guides, which leads to better-fitting restorations, safer surgeries, and improved patient outcomes.  In addition to these new technological developments, dental caries can be decreased through cost effective prevention strategies which should pivot around spreading awareness among masses about the undesirable outcomes of oral health diseases and educating them about the importance of good oral hygiene.   Nysa Sharma ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/25873/top-3-term-insurance-plans-in-india-with-high-coverage-and-low-premiums.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/25873/top-3-term-insurance-plans-in-india-with-high-coverage-and-low-premiums.html Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530 It covers a fixed premium over a certain term for an assured sum that is paid to the beneficiary in case of their demise during the insurance term. People tend to weigh in on options to find the best term plan that fits their budget while maintaining decent coverage. Others advocate the most rewarding plan, which offers a return on premium, i.e., the insured gets all premiums paid back if he survives the term.    In this post, we will examine the three most popular term insurance plans in India, which offer the highest coverage for the lowest premium, and discuss what distinguishes them from other options.   Understanding the Benefits of a Term Plan   People often look for the best term plan to protect their family. But what makes a term policy so special compared to other saving options? One of the most important factors is that it has no investment component. This means you are not paying extra for wealth-building. It’s purely about giving your family a safety net if you aren’t there. That often translates into lower premiums for higher coverage compared to other investment products. Terms can range from five years to as long as 50 years. Premiums usually remain the same throughout, which is great for long-term planning.   Many term plans also come with a possibility for riders, like an accidental death benefit or waiver of premium if you’re diagnosed with certain illnesses. Some allow a return of premium option, often called TROP (Term Return of Premium), which means that if you survive the policy term, you get back all or most of the premiums paid, excluding taxes and rider charges. This is especially appealing to those who want the best term plan with return of premium since it combines protection with some money-back component.   Top 3 Term Insurance Plans In India   The following table provides an overview of the top 3 term insurance plans in India for 2025. These are known for offering high coverage at relatively low premiums, though the exact cost can vary based on factors like age, health conditions, and the sum assured. Look through the table to get a basic idea of what each plan offers.   Insurance Provider Plan Name Entry Age Maximum Maturity Age Sum Assured Axis Max Life Insurance Company Limited Max Life Smart Total Elite Protection 18-65 yrs 85 yrs Rs. 2 Crore- No limit Aditya Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited ABSLI Income Suraksha Plan 21-55 yrs 70 yrs Rs. 25 Lacs - Rs. 25 Cr Aviva Life Insurance Company India Limited Aviva Signature 3D Term Plan 18-65 yrs 80 yrs Rs. 5 Lacs - No Limit   Each plan has its own unique features.  Some have certain advantages with optional riders, while others have been basically recognised for their quick claim settlements. You will have to look closely at other factors too, such as whether the plan pays the sum assured all at once or periodically over a month, to know which one suits your family best.    Exploring the Top 3 Plans in Detail   Max Life Smart Total Elite Protection – Best Overall Coverage with Customisation Offers broad coverage options, including a sum assured above Rs. 2 crore, plus features like terminal illness cover. You can customise the payout structure into a lump sum, monthly income, or a combination. It also highlights a high claim settlement ratio of around 99.65%.   Aditya Birla Sun Life Income Suraksha Plan – Best for Stable Income Replacement Designed to provide regular income to the nominee in case of the policyholder’s death. This stable income approach helps families manage monthly expenses without handling a large lump sum all at once.    Aviva Signature 3D Term Plan – Best for Critical Illness and Disability Cover Emphasises broad coverage with no stated upper limit on the sum assured. It includes benefits for a variety of critical illnesses, disabilities, and other conditions. Policyholders can choose from different payout styles. How to Choose the Best Term Plan? Now that we’ve gone through the top contenders, how do you pick the one that works best for you? Consider the following -   What’s Your Life Stage? If you’re single, a basic term plan might be enough. If you have a family, consider one with income replacement. Do You Have Liabilities? If you have loans, go for a higher sum assured to cover those debts. Do You Want Riders? Consider critical illness cover, accidental death benefits, and premium waiver options. How Long Do You Need Coverage? Plans with maturity ages of 80+ years work well if you want to leave a financial legacy.   Conclusion   Each policy we highlighted can be considered the best term plan for a particular group of people. Axis Max Life’s product stands out for its broad coverage and customisable features. Aditya Birla Sun Life’s plan is great for replacing stable monthly income. Aviva’s product offers a wide range of protection, including coverage for multiple illnesses.   In any case, the “best plan” for you is the one that meets your specific needs. If you prefer the best term plan with return of premium, double-check that your chosen insurer has that option or a similar variant. If you have big expenses on the horizon, like a home loan or sending your child abroad for university, a high sum assured is wise.   Term insurance doesn’t have to be confusing. The key is to figure out how much coverage you need, what budget you can handle, and which insurer you trust. With that in place, you’ll have a policy that safeguards your family’s future in a cost-effective way.   Standard T&C apply   Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. For more details on benefits, exclusions, limitations, terms and conditions, please read sales brochure/policy wording carefully before concluding a sale. Disclaimer: The content on this page is generic and shared only for informational and explanatory purposes. It is based on several secondary sources on the internet and is subject to changes. Please consult an expert before making any related decisions. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/25874/term-insurance-vs-life-insurance-key-difference-explained-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/25874/term-insurance-vs-life-insurance-key-difference-explained-.html Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Among the various types of insurance available, Term Insurance vs Life Insurance is a standard comparison that often confuses buyers. Both policies provide financial security, but they cater to different needs. Understanding the difference between Term Insurance and Life Insurance can help you make an informed decision. What is Term Insurance? Term Insurance is the simplest form of Life Insurance, providing coverage for a specific period. It is designed to offer financial protection to the policyholder’s family in case of an unfortunate event. Unlike other Life Insurance plans, Term Insurance does not offer maturity benefits. The policyholder pays regular premiums, and if they pass away within the policy term, their nominee receives the sum assured. Types of Term Insurance Plans   There are primarily five types of term insurance plans available: Level Term Insurance Plan – The premium remains the same throughout the policy duration. Increasing Term Insurance Plan – Coverage increases as you age to meet rising financial needs. Decreasing Term Insurance Plan – Coverage decreases over time and is often suited for covering liabilities like loans. Convertible Term Insurance Plan – Allows policyholders to convert their term plan into a Life Insurance policy. Term Insurance Plans with Riders provide additional benefits, such as critical illness coverage and accidental death coverage. What is Life Insurance? Unlike Term Insurance, Life Insurance provides financial protection and is a savings instrument. A portion of the premium provides death benefits, while the other part is saved or invested to generate returns. Life Insurance policies generally offer maturity benefits, making them an excellent choice for individuals seeking financial growth and security. Types of Life Insurance Plans There are primarily six types of life insurance plans available: Whole Life Insurance Plan – Coverage extends throughout the policyholder’s lifetime. Endowment Assurance Plan – Offers maturity benefits if the policyholder survives the policy term. Money-Back Plan – Provides periodic payouts instead of a lump sum at maturity. Child Plan – Designed to secure the child’s financial future. Unit-Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP) – A combination of Life Insurance and investment. Pension Plan – Provides a steady income post-retirement. Key Differences: Term Insurance vs Life Insurance Features Term Insurance Plan Life Insurance Plan Coverage Provides only death benefits to the nominee Offers both death and maturity benefits Maturity Benefits No maturity benefits Provides savings and investment benefits Term Period 10 to 35 years 5 to 30 years (whole life plans available) Flexibility Allows riders for additional coverage Offers loans, partial withdrawals, and riders Policy Surrender Policy lapses if premiums are not paid Early withdrawals may lead to deductions Which One Should You Choose? When to Choose Term Insurance? If you need a pure Life Insurance plan without investment benefits. If you want higher coverage at affordable premiums. If you are looking for financial protection for your family in case of your untimely demise. When to Choose Life Insurance? If you want a combination of life cover and savings. If you need financial security for your dependents along with wealth creation. If you are planning for long-term financial goals such as child education, retirement, etc. Buying Insurance Online Today, purchasing Term Insurance vs Life Insurance online has become more convenient. Various insurers offer online policy comparisons, making selecting the best plan suited to your needs easier. Before finalising a policy, compare coverage, benefits, and premium costs to make an informed decision. Conclusion Understanding what is the difference between Term Insurance and Life Insurance is essential before purchasing a policy. While Term Insurance provides pure protection at an affordable cost, Life Insurance offers security and investment benefits. The choice depends on your financial goals and coverage needs. Ensure you analyse different policies, assess your requirements, and select the best insurance plan for your financial well-being.   **Tax benefits are subject to change in prevalent tax laws. Disclaimer: Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. For more details on benefits, exclusions, limitations, terms, and conditions, please read the sales brochure/policy wording carefully before concluding a sale.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25811/term-life-insurance-vs-whole-life-insurance-which-one-offers-better-security.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25811/term-life-insurance-vs-whole-life-insurance-which-one-offers-better-security.html Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530   Understanding term life insurance Term life insurance provides coverage for a specified period, typically ranging from 10 to 30 years. If the policyholder passes away during this term, the beneficiaries receive the death benefit. However, if the insured survives the term, the policy expires without any payout or residual value. This type of insurance is often chosen for its affordability and straightforward nature. Key features of term life insurance: Affordability: Term policies generally have lower premiums compared to whole life insurance, making them accessible for individuals seeking substantial coverage without significant financial strain. Simplicity: With no investment component or cash value accumulation, term life insurance is straightforward, focusing solely on providing a death benefit. Flexibility: Policyholders can select term lengths that align with their specific financial responsibilities, such as the duration of a mortgage or the years until children become financially independent. Understanding whole life insurance Whole life insurance, a form of permanent life insurance, offers coverage for the insured's entire lifetime, provided premiums are paid. In addition to the death benefit, whole life policies include a cash value component that grows over time on a tax-deferred basis. This cash value can be accessed through loans or withdrawals, offering a savings element alongside insurance coverage. Key features of whole life insurance: Lifetime coverage: As long as premiums are maintained, the policy remains in force, ensuring a guaranteed death benefit regardless of when the insured passes away. Cash value accumulation: A portion of each premium contributes to the policy's cash value, which grows over time and can be borrowed against or withdrawn, often serving as a savings plan. Fixed premiums: Premiums remain consistent throughout the life of the policy, aiding in long-term financial planning. Comparing costs Cost is a significant differentiator between term and whole life insurance. Term life insurance premiums are generally lower, primarily because these policies lack a cash value component and cover a limited period. In contrast, whole life insurance premiums are higher due to the lifelong coverage and the cash value feature. For example: A healthy 30-year-old male might pay approximately Rs. 1,500 per month for a 20-year term policy with a Rs. 50 lakh death benefit. The same individual could face premiums exceeding Rs. 25,000 per month for a whole life policy with the same death benefit. This substantial difference underscores the importance of aligning your choice with your financial goals and budget. Evaluating security and financial goals Determining which policy offers better security depends on individual financial goals and circumstances: Term life insurance may be suitable if: Temporary coverage needs: You aim to cover specific financial obligations that have an endpoint, such as a mortgage or children's education expenses. Budget constraints: Lower premiums allow for allocation of funds toward other investments or savings plans. Short-term savings plan: While term life insurance itself doesn't accumulate cash value, the savings from lower premiums can be invested elsewhere to meet short-term financial goals. Whole life insurance may be appropriate if: Lifetime coverage desire: You seek assurance that beneficiaries will receive a death benefit regardless of when death occurs. Estate planning: The policy can assist in covering estate taxes or providing an inheritance, ensuring financial security for heirs. Forced savings mechanism: The cash value component acts as a savings plan, growing tax-deferred and accessible for future financial needs. Pros and cons summary Term life insurance: Pros: Lower premiums: Affordable coverage allows for high death benefits without significant cost. Flexibility: Policies can be tailored to match the duration of specific financial obligations. Cons: No cash value: Policies do not accumulate savings or investment value. Coverage expiration: Once the term ends, coverage ceases, potentially leaving you uninsured later in life when premiums for new policies may be higher. Whole life insurance: Pros: Permanent coverage: Ensures a death benefit payout regardless of when death occurs. Cash value growth: Accumulates over time, providing a financial resource that can be accessed during the policyholder's lifetime. Cons: Higher premiums: The cost is substantially greater than term policies, which may not be feasible for all budgets. Complexity: The combination of insurance and investment components can make policies more complicated to understand and manage. Making the choice Selecting between term and whole life insurance hinges on a thorough assessment of your financial goals, obligations, and resources: Assess your financial responsibilities: Identify current and future financial obligations, such as debts, dependents, and lifestyle needs. Define your coverage timeline: Determine the period during which coverage is essential, considering factors like children's dependency or the lifespan of debts. Evaluate your budget: Ensure that premium payments align with your financial capabilities without compromising other financial goals. Consider your savings strategy: Decide whether you prefer a policy that includes a savings component or if separate investment vehicles are more suitable for your savings plans. Conclusion Both term and whole life insurance offer distinct advantages and serve different purposes within a comprehensive financial plan. Term life insurance provides affordable, straightforward coverage for a set period, ideal for temporary needs and those seeking lower premiums. Whole life insurance, on the other hand, guarantees lifelong coverage with the added benefit of a cash value component, making it suitable for estate planning and wealth accumulation. Choosing the right policy depends on your financial goals, affordability, and long-term security needs. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25812/andhra-pradesh-government-approves-rs-25-lakh-health-insurance-coverage-for-every-family.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25812/andhra-pradesh-government-approves-rs-25-lakh-health-insurance-coverage-for-every-family.html Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530 This initiative aims to provide comprehensive medical coverage, ensuring that families do not face financial burdens due to medical expenses. Announced by Minister for Health, Family Welfare, and Medical Education, Satya Kumar Yadav, this scheme fulfils a key election promise made by the NDA government. The cashless insurance model will enable seamless access to healthcare services at network hospitals across the state. Under this initiative, 3,257 medical procedures that were previously covered under the Dr NTR Vaidya Seva scheme will be included, with the possibility of additional treatments being added. The government has adopted a hybrid model for implementing the insurance plan, involving private insurance companies to manage claims and service delivery. The main objective is not only to ensure financial viability but also to enhance the efficiency and transparency of the healthcare system. Key features of the health insurance scheme Coverage of Rs 25 lakh per family per year for medical expenses Cashless treatment at network hospitals across the state Inclusion of 3,257 medical procedures covered under Dr NTR Vaidya Seva scheme Reduction in pre-authorisation time for medical treatments from 24 hours to 6 hours Faster claims processing and fraud detection to ensure transparency Introduction of a hybrid insurance model involving private insurers The state government has carefully designed this policy to ensure that families receive timely and quality medical care without financial stress. By partnering with private insurers, the administration aims to improve claim settlement processes and hospital service efficiency. Government’s vision for the scheme The Andhra Pradesh government envisions a healthcare system where no family is left without medical coverage. Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu has emphasised the importance of making quality healthcare accessible, especially for economically weaker sections. According to Minister Satya Kumar Yadav, this initiative is not merely an election promise but a well-planned effort to streamline health insurance operations and reduce administrative delays. The hybrid insurance model is expected to distribute financial risk between the government and private insurers, ensuring that the scheme remains sustainable in the long run. Additionally, the initiative is expected to boost public confidence in government healthcare schemes, encouraging more people to opt for state-funded medical services rather than private insurance policies. How the scheme will improve healthcare accessibility The launch of this statewide health insurance programme will significantly improve access to quality healthcare in Andhra Pradesh. Some of the key areas where this scheme will make a difference include: Affordable medical care – Families will no longer have to worry about high medical expenses, as hospitalisation and treatments will be covered under the scheme. Better healthcare facilities – With assured government-backed payments, hospitals are expected to provide better care and upgrade medical infrastructure. Reduction in administrative delays – Claim processing times will be minimised, enabling faster access to treatments. Enhanced trust in public healthcare – Citizens will be encouraged to use government healthcare services instead of relying on expensive private hospitals. With faster pre-authorisation times, hospitalisation and emergency medical care will become more accessible. This is expected to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, particularly for low-income families. Financial structure of the scheme The financial framework for this health insurance programme has been carefully planned to ensure its long-term sustainability. According to Minister Yadav, the funding structure involves both government contributions and private sector participation. The scheme has provisions for: Refunds to the government if the total claims are lower than the agreed-upon premium Insurance companies covering up to 15% of excess claims beyond the premium amount The remaining excess costs being shared between the government and insurers Additionally, the government is working on premium structures for Above Poverty Line (APL) individuals to ensure that all sections of society have access to affordable family health insurance. Faster claims processing and fraud detection One of the most significant advantages of this scheme is the emphasis on faster claims processing and fraud prevention. The pre-authorisation time for hospital services will be reduced from 24 hours to 6 hours, ensuring that patients receive medical attention without unnecessary delays. The introduction of private insurance companies will also help in: Strengthening fraud detection systems to prevent misuse of the scheme Ensuring timely and hassle-free claim settlements Encouraging hospitals to provide better services through assured payments The streamlined claim process will enhance hospital trust in government-backed insurance, making more healthcare institutions willing to participate in the scheme. Potential impact on the healthcare system The Rs 25 lakh health insurance scheme is expected to significantly strengthen the public healthcare system in Andhra Pradesh. With more families gaining access to free and cashless medical treatment, the state aims to achieve: Increased hospital admissions in government and network hospitals Encouragement of preventive healthcare practices, reducing emergency cases Improved infrastructure in hospitals due to timely and guaranteed payments Increased public confidence in the state-sponsored healthcare system The scheme’s hybrid model also means that insurance companies will be actively involved in monitoring the efficiency of service delivery, making the entire system more accountable and transparent. Conclusion The Andhra Pradesh government's Rs 25 lakh family health insurance scheme is a groundbreaking initiative aimed at making quality healthcare accessible to every family. With its cashless treatment model, reduced claim processing time, and fraud detection measures, the scheme is expected to transform healthcare delivery across the state. By integrating private insurance companies, the government has ensured efficient claim processing, hospital payments, and transparency. This scheme not only provides financial security to families but also strengthens public healthcare services in Andhra Pradesh. As the government finalises the implementation plan, this initiative is set to become a model for state-sponsored health insurance across India, providing affordable, efficient, and quality healthcare to millions of people. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25799/transformation-of-sustainability-claims-in-cosmetics-industry.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25799/transformation-of-sustainability-claims-in-cosmetics-industry.html Fri, 07 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530 The European Union's Green Claims Directive (GCD) is set to transform sustainability claims in the cosmetics industry. This regulation mandates scientifically backed, independently verified environmental claims to combat greenwashing, a widespread issue where brands make misleading statements about their products’ ecological benefits.  For cosmetics manufacturers, ingredient suppliers, and private-label brands, this directive presents both compliance challenges and strategic opportunities. Companies that align with the GCD will enhance their credibility, secure B2B partnerships, and future-proof their market access across the EU. Understanding the Green Claims Directive: What It Means for Cosmetics Businesses  The GCD is designed to ensure accuracy, transparency, and accountability in environmental claims made by companies. It requires that all green claims be substantiated with data, verified by an independent third party, and comply with EU-wide labeling standards.  The directive stems from alarming findings by the European Commission: A Commission study from 2020 highlighted that 53.3% of examined environmental claims in the EU were found to be vague, misleading or unfounded and 40% were unsubstantiated (European Commission, 2021). 80% of webshops, webpages, and advertisements contain ‘green claims’ and 56% of EU consumers have encountered misleading green claims (EU Factsheet, 2022). The GCD’s impact is far-reaching, affecting not only cosmetics manufacturers but also raw material suppliers, distributors, and retailers. Businesses that fail to comply risk financial penalties, market exclusion, and reputational damage.   Key Requirements of the Green Claims Directive for B2B Cosmetics Companies Scientific Substantiation of Environmental Claims  The most significant change under the GCD is the requirement for comprehensive, data-driven validation of environmental claims. Companies must prove sustainability benefits across the entire life cycle of a product, covering: Raw material sourcing (supply chain emissions, impact on biodiversity) Manufacturing processes (carbon footprint, water consumption, energy use) Packaging materials (recyclability, biodegradability, carbon impact) Distribution & disposal (transport emissions, product end-of-life impact)  For instance, a claim like “biodegradable packaging” must include scientific evidence confirming how the material decomposes under real-world conditions.  Compliance Challenges for B2B Companies: Ingredient suppliers must provide full traceability and verified sustainability reports for raw materials. Manufacturers need to conduct Life Cycle Assessments (LCA), which can cost €10,000 - €40,000 per product, depending on complexity. Private-label brands must align claims with third-party verified supplier data to maintain EU market access. Mandatory Third-Party Independent Verification  To eliminate unsubstantiated greenwashing, all environmental claims must be reviewed by an EU-accredited third-party certification body before they can be used in marketing or product labeling.  Financial and Operational Impact: Verification costs range from €5,000 to €15,000 per product, depending on the scope of the claim. Large cosmetics companies may incur compliance costs exceeding €1 million per year due to extensive product portfolios and aggressive marketing claims. Contract manufacturers and suppliers must integrate verification processes into production workflows to maintain credibility in B2B transactions. Risk of Non-Compliance: Companies making unverified claims face fines up to 4% of annual EU turnover. Retailers and distributors may blacklist non-compliant suppliers, prioritizing partners with verified sustainability credentials.  The verification process results in an EU-wide Certificate of Conformity, allowing compliant companies to market their products across all 27 member states without country-specific approvals. Standardisation of Sustainability Labels  The GCD also restricts the use of environmental labels unless they meet EU-approved criteria. Eurobarometer survey found that 27% of European respondents were aware of the EU Ecolabel. Additionally, 32% stated that ecolabels significantly influence their purchasing decisions. Among those familiar with ecolabels, 30% reported having purchased a product bearing the EU Ecolabel, and 78% expressed trust that such products are environmentally friendly. A more recent Eurobarometer survey, conducted between February and March 2021, revealed that 22% of European respondents had purchased products with an environmental label. These findings highlight the important role labels play in shaping European consumers' purchasing behavior.  Companies must revise their labeling and branding strategies to comply with harmonized EU standards, preventing legal disputes and costly rebranding efforts. Ban on Generic or Unverified Green Claims  The directive strictly prohibits vague, unsubstantiated terms like:  “Eco-friendly”  “Sustainable”  “Climate-neutral”  “Green”  Instead, companies must use quantifiable, data-backed claims. For example: ❌ “Sustainable Packaging” → NON-COMPLIANT ✅ “Packaging made from 85% post-consumer recycled plastic, reducing CO₂ emissions by 35%” → COMPLIANT This shift forces cosmetics companies to redesign marketing strategies, requiring closer collaboration between R&D, compliance teams, and marketing departments.   Financial and Strategic Impact of GCD on the Cosmetics Industry  Compliance Costs vs. Long-Term Benefits  While compliance introduces significant costs, companies that align early will gain a competitive advantage through: Enhanced credibility in B2B partnerships (retailers & distributors favor verified suppliers). Access to all EU markets under a single certification system. Stronger consumer trust and higher market share due to transparent sustainability reporting. Strategic Compliance Roadmap for Cosmetics Businesses To successfully align with the GCD, cosmetics companies must: Conduct Comprehensive Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) Implement real-time sustainability tracking tools. Collaborate with suppliers to obtain verified carbon footprint data. Engage with Accredited Third-Party Certifiers Partner with EU-recognized sustainability auditors. Obtain Certificates of Conformity for all green claims. Standardize EU-Compliant Labeling Eliminate ambiguous claims and adopt data-backed metrics. Train marketing teams on GCD-compliant communication strategies. Educate Internal Teams and B2B Partners Align R&D, legal, and marketing teams with new sustainability standards. Provide clear compliance guidelines for contract manufacturers and ingredient suppliers.  Conclusion: A Strategic Opportunity for Sustainability Leadership  The EU Green Claims Directive represents a paradigm shift in sustainability marketing. While compliance requires significant investment, it also creates long-term competitive advantages. Companies that act now will be better positioned to build trust, secure B2B partnerships, and expand market access across the EU. By imposing stricter rules on how environmental claims are substantiated and communicated, the GCD seeks to rebuild consumer trust and reduce the prevalence of greenwashing. While the costs of compliance may be high, especially for smaller companies, the long-term benefits of aligning with these standards include enhanced credibility, consumer loyalty, and potential market share growth. Companies that invest in transparent, verifiable sustainability practices will be better positioned to thrive in an increasingly regulated market.   Sandesh Ramesh Tetgure, Assistant General Manager, Regulatory Strategic Services, Freyr Solutions ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25768/biopharma-chromatography-segregating-opportunities-of-all-sizes.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25768/biopharma-chromatography-segregating-opportunities-of-all-sizes.html Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Chromatography systems play a critical role across different industries, in processes like drug development, nutritional analysis, toxin detection, pollutant analysis, among others. This being one of the most preferred methods for the separation and purification of compounds across the aforementioned industries, its market share is worth $10+ billion as of 2025. Approximately 30 per cent of this market is driven by biopharma, making it a cornerstone industry for chromatography systems.  Biopharma Chromatography Market   Ever since the outbreak of COVID-19, the world has been on its toes regarding healthcare operations. Governments and the public have become more alert towards healthcare facilities and 2020 can be seen as a landmark year that reshaped several trends within the healthcare sector, including chromatography. To tackle COVID-19 at its peak, the year 2020 saw the highest increase (>10 per cent higher compared to 2019) in global healthcare spending and the Biopharma sector saw its highest ever ~130 per cent increase in funding from $58 billion in 2019 to ~$134 billion in 2020. For chromatography systems specifically, the pandemic led to an increased usage of single-use systems (SUS) to avoid cross-contamination and to support the then-necessary rapid vaccine production. As a result, the acceptance of SUSs in different clinical and commercial production processes has increased from an average of ~50 per cent in 2019, to ~70 per cent in 2024.   The trend though, in terms of the selection of the media type has been rather unaffected by the major shifts and Liquid Chromatography (LC) still reigns over Gas Chromatography (GC) by a significant factor. The dominance of LC can be mainly attributed to its compatibility with a wide range of biomolecules and currently, the industry is rapidly adopting more advanced LC techniques like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC).  According to reports, the top 5 players in the Biopharma Chromatography Market namely Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Shimadzu Corporation, Waters Corporation, Danaher Corporation, and Agilient Technologies Inc., capture >60 per cent of the market, and all of them have a strong portfolio for LC systems. But, as of January 2025, only two of them offer single-use systems.  It should also be noted that three out of the above-mentioned five leading players are US-based and that, combined with the United States’ $180 billion annual healthcare R&D budget, positions the US as the leading player in the Biopharma Chromatography Market. While the US is expected to maintain its dominance in the market for another decade, if we look at the immediate next five years, not the US or China, but India is expected to be the fastest growing country, according to Stratview Research. Presence in Indian Market  The demand for biopharma chromatography systems in India will emanate both from domestic as well as international needs. As per the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) India has the largest number of the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)-compliant pharmaceutical plants outside the US and currently supplies over 50 per cent of the global demand for various vaccines, 40 per cent of generic demand in the US, and 25 per cent of all medicine in the UK. This is primarily because of the presence of a skilled workforce, in combination with cheaper operations. Conducting clinical trials in India is anywhere between 40 and 70 per cent cheaper as compared to the US and Europe, and the manufacturing of drugs is also 30-35 per cent cheaper. Thus, India already is one of the most preferred hubs for pharmaceutical process outsourcing, in the West.  Moreover, recent policies like the US Biosecure Act, which was introduced in 2024 and restricts US pharma companies from doing business with certain Chinese companies, will open even newer avenues for the Indian market. Since chromatography systems are critical in both clinical trials as well as drug testing and manufacturing operations, an increase in the number of Contract Manufacturing Organisation (CMO) and Clinical/Contract Research Organisation (CRO) deals with India will drive significant demand for chromatography systems.  Apart from the external demand, there are several factors that will drive the market internally. In the past 5 years, India’s biotechnology R&D expenditure has increased >3x, from ~$300 million in 2020 to $1 billion in 2024 and, the Common Healthcare Expenditure (CHE) as a  per cent of GDP has also been increasing consistently for the same period. Additionally, several schemes like the Strengthening of Pharmaceutical Industry (SPI), the BIO-E3 biotechnology policy, and the PRIP (Promotion of Research and Innovation in Pharma MedTech Sector) further strengthen the development of the pharmaceutical industry in India. The BIO-E3 biotechnology policy announced in 2024 for instance, is the nation’s 1st ever Biotechnology policy and has been given Rs 1000 crore to further accelerate innovations in biotechnology, demanding advanced analytical techniques.  The PRIP scheme, proposed by the Department of Pharmaceuticals in 2024 has a budget outlay of Rs 5000 crore and aims at transforming the Indian pharmaceuticals sector by strengthening the research infrastructure in the country.  The supporting government policies and the increasing number of CRO and CMO contracts from overseas will act as the primary drivers behind India’s strong positioning in the market and according to Stratview Research, India will generate a demand for 1000+ biopharma chromatography systems annually, every year, starting 2028. Next Step is Integration    The direction in which the industry is headed currently, is the direction of integration, automation, and collaboration. Integrating blocks like mass-spectrometry into chromatography operations helps achieve improved separation of more complex mixtures and not to mention, automating the process leads to an increase in sample throughput and the overall efficiency thus.  AI, just like every other domain, has found application in bioprocessing systems as well. Integrating AI technology in autosamplers allows for streamlined workflow and when combined with cloud-based data management systems, allows better collaboration between researchers and analysts. For instance, in 2024, Waters Corporation announced the launch of the HPLC CONNECT software, which is an all-in-one software platform enabling full digital synchronisation between HPLC/UPLC systems and multi-angle light scattering instruments (MALS) – vital instruments for complex and critical biopharmaceutical processes. The software enables users to control and monitor HPLC modules including pumps, column ovens, UV detectors, and autosamplers from a single dashboard view.  The penetration of AI has seen such a surge that in 2023 alone, combined deals worth $12 billion were announced between life sciences and AI companies, which is worth ~4x the deals announced in 2022.  As AI, automation, and cloud-based solutions become increasingly central, they will not only enhance efficiency but also foster unprecedented levels of collaboration and adaptability. This integration marks the beginning of a new era, where technology and science will converge to address complex challenges and unlock the full potential of biopharmaceutical processes.   Aditya Joshi, Co-Founder and Marketing Head, Stratview Research ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25496/key-skills-salary-trends-in-healthcare-pharma-for-2025-healthcares-tech-transformation-reshaping-skillsets-for-a-digital-future.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25496/key-skills-salary-trends-in-healthcare-pharma-for-2025-healthcares-tech-transformation-reshaping-skillsets-for-a-digital-future.html Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0530 Evolving Skillsets The healthcare and pharmaceutical industries are undergoing profound transformations, led by the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), telemedicine, automation, and data analytics. These innovations are reshaping the workforce, creating demand for roles like data scientists, AI specialists, and platform engineers. A recent report forecasts that these technological shifts will generate 2.7 to 3.5 million new jobs by 2027, even as they replace about 23 per cent of existing positions. The integration of advanced technologies requires professionals with robust digital literacy and problem-solving abilities. For instance, telemedicine platforms depend on developers and cybersecurity experts, while virtual health assistants demand proficiency in AI and natural language processing. Alongside technical skills, healthcare professionals must also refine soft skills like patient communication and cultural competence to navigate an increasingly globalised ecosystem.   Salary Trends When it comes to salaries, the healthcare and pharma industries have shown steady growth in salaries over the past five years. Between 2020 and 2024, salaries for fresher roles in these sectors increased from Rs 1.7 lakh per annum to Rs 2.2 lakh per annum, while lateral roles saw stable compensation levels around Rs 9.9 lakh per annum. Technology-specific roles such as AI engineers, machine learning experts, and data scientists have witnessed higher growth in salaries, with entry-level positions starting at Rs 9.6 to 10.2 lakh per annum and senior positions commanding over Rs 24 lakh per annum. However, despite a general salary increase of 9–10 per cent annually, disparities remain. Factors like company size, location, and specialisation play crucial roles in determining compensation. Urban hubs like Bengaluru and Hyderabad offer higher salaries, reflecting their status as tech-driven healthcare hubs.   Challenges in Talent Acquisition While technological integration is advancing at an unprecedented pace, a notable skill gap poses significant challenges for organisations. Many professionals lack hands-on experience with advanced medical technologies, and communication gaps hinder seamless interactions in global settings. According to recent studies, there is an envisioned shortage of over 2.36 lakh medical technologists and nearly two lakh surgical professionals. Bridging this gap means focused efforts from all sides. Healthcare institutions must collaborate with educational institutions to align curricula with industry needs. Furthermore, reskilling programmes targeting mid-career professionals can help fill critical gaps, ensuring a steady pipeline of talent capable of driving innovation.   Upskilling  Healthcare and pharma organisations are adopting multifaceted strategies to upskill their workforce. AI-driven learning platforms are personalising training modules, enabling professionals to acquire cutting-edge skills in data analytics and machine learning. Partnerships with EdTech companies like Coursera are expanding access to specialised training in areas such as robotic process automation and IoT. Today, certification programmes addressing regulatory compliance are becoming standard, equipping employees to navigate complex data privacy frameworks. Moreover, companies are investing in employee-centric initiatives like flexible work arrangements and career growth pathways to attract top talent.   From Roadblocks to Opportunities Technology adoption brings both challenges and opportunities. One of the primary concerns is data security. The rise of digital health records has increased vulnerability to breaches, necessitating robust cybersecurity frameworks. Meanwhile, regulatory complexities, especially in cross-border operations, demand agility and adaptability. However, these roadblocks create ample opportunities. Enhanced data analytics capabilities empower healthcare providers to offer personalised care, while AI-driven diagnostics improve operational efficiency. Emerging technologies like quantum computing and 5G promise to revolutionise patient care, creating an interconnected Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ecosystem.   A Tech-driven Future Looking ahead, the demand for advanced technical skills is set to accelerate. Expertise in AI, genomics, telemedicine, and cybersecurity will be indispensable as the industry moves toward a digitally integrated model. With this shift, salaries for niche roles are projected to increase significantly, particularly in high-demand areas like automation and personalised medicine.  As the healthcare and pharma industries continue to adopt cutting-edge technology, candidates with an interdisciplinary skill set, combining technical acumen with empathy and strategic thinking, will thrive. The emphasis will not only be on individual expertise but also collaborative problem-solving within dynamic, tech-driven teams. Healthcare and pharma are at the cusp of a tech revolution, presenting unparalleled opportunities and challenges. Addressing the skill gap, driving innovation, and creating inclusive workplaces are critical for sustaining growth. By prioritising upskilling, embracing digital transformation, and leveraging data-driven insights, these sectors are poised to redefine healthcare delivery and pave the way for a healthier, more connected future. Simply put, they are shaping the future of health and wellness, where technology and humanity meet to redefine the very essence of care.   The Outlook  The digital health market is expected to expand from $12.20 billion in 2023 to $25.64 billion by 2027. Medical devices and digital applications collectively contribute revenue of up to $4.9 and $5.2 billion to the overall digital health market. The setup of more medical colleges as planned in the Budget 2024-25 will boost the rise of ambitious youth in healthcare, it will also help transform the existing women workforce in healthcare as compared to any sector towards Digital health jobs and health tech segments.  The aim to increase the Tech Talent from the current 1 to 2 per cent in this sector is crucial. Heavy technology investments, better investments in devices and R&D schemes are awaited from the government to advance telemedicine, virtual assistants and data analytics that are expected to create 2.7-3.5 million new technology jobs with demand for talent like data scientists and AI specialists. Budget 2024-25 was also expected to impact the overall healthcare ecosystem that not only is core to delivery but disrupted by other facets such as hygiene, sanitation, water, environment & infrastructure gap, blended funding and financing models are needed to attack the rising chronic diseases, coverage for all income groups and accessibility to all.    Munira Loliwala, VP, Strategy and Growth, TeamLease Digital   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25406/hiv-prevention-remains-elusive.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25406/hiv-prevention-remains-elusive.html Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0530 On December 1, the world gathers every year to commemorate World AIDS Day, which serves as an important reminder that we must remain steadfast in our commitment to prevent new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infections and provide essential services to all people living with HIV globally. In 2024, the 37th World AIDS Day opens with the theme, “Collective Action: Sustain and Accelerate HIV Progress.” According to reports by the World Health Organisation (WHO), approximately 39.9 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2023. To be specific, an estimated 1.3 million people became infected with HIV in 2023. While there has been marked progress in sub-Saharan Africa, for the first time, in 2023 more than half of the new HIV infections occurred outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Within the South East Asian region, an estimated 4 million people were living with HIV in 2023, of which 78 per cent knew their status, and 66 per cent were receiving treatment. Speaking of India, reports suggest that in 2023, 68,000 people were newly infected with HIV. As HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, claiming 42.3 million lives so far, in 2023, 630,000 people died from HIV-related causes globally. It must also be noted that the global HIV epidemic claimed 69 per cent fewer lives in 2023 since the peak in 2004. The scientific advances and tools available have changed the way we look at this infection, both epidemiologically, in terms of preventing new diseases, and therapeutically, with highly effective and well-tolerated treatments. But if 1.3 million people continue to acquire HIV every year, the response will become more challenging, more complex and more costly in the years to come, and we must act on it urgently. Long-acting technologies like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) continue to play a major role in preventing new infections, but access is limited to only a few countries. Further, new HIV prevention products in the pipeline such as long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) and most recently, lenacapavir, are raising expectations due to their convenience and high efficacy. However, the key challenge is accessibility and affordability. The WHO, hence, is now training sights on vaccine development  to prevent HIV infection. In November 2024, the WHO published a new study naming 17 pathogens, including HIV, as top priorities for new vaccine development. This study is the first global effort to systematically prioritise endemic pathogens based on criteria that included regional disease burden, antimicrobial resistance risk and socioeconomic impact. However, the complex biology of HIV makes the virus a tough target to tackle, because of which we still do not have a vaccine candidate ready with us. While the wait is still on, we do see hopeful projects reaching a stage of culmination which might just bring in the desired results very soon. For example, Immuno Cure BioTech, a clinical-stage biotechnology group based in Hong Kong Science Park, has recently completed the first-in-human novel therapeutic HIV vaccine, ICVAX, Phase I clinical trial with encouraging findings of exceptional safety and promising immunogenicity profiles.  The company is now communicating with the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the Chinese regulatory authority, for the upcoming Phase II clinical trial, anticipated to commence in mid-2025. As another major development, eight African countries including Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, and Mozambique, have begun a groundbreaking, African-led HIV vaccine research and development project, offering hope for a vaccine tailored to the needs of the region’s population. Although in some parts of the US, testing is underway for mRNA-based HIV vaccines as well, the final breakthrough remains elusive. Even if an effective solution for HIV prevention is developed, optimum policy implementation and minimising patient stigmatisation needs to be addressed as well.    Dr Manbeena Chawla Executive Editor BioSpectrum India ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25335/how-medtech-startups-are-transforming-diabetes-landscape-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25335/how-medtech-startups-are-transforming-diabetes-landscape-in-india.html Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0530 Nowadays, an insulin pen or daily injections are not the only options; devices like the insulin infusion pump are becoming a popular alternative for monitoring diabetes. Insulin is administered more accurately via insulin infusion pumps, which also lessen discomfort and stop large variations in blood glucose levels. Meal timings are not important while using these pumps. As a result, patients find infusion pumps easier to use. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), another name for this insulin therapy, is a flexible and efficient method of delivering insulin. The insulin pump is currently more advanced and reliable than it was some years ago. Numerous technological advances have been made in CSII technology, one of which is the pump's incorporation of continuous glucose monitoring. Insulin pumps have the ability to control the algorithm that analyses blood glucose data and automatically distributes insulin. As diabetes treatment is becoming the need of the hour, a trend in rise of insulin devices is seen over the years. ‘InSul’ Insulin Pump by AgVa Healthcare, based in Delhi is being marketed as ‘the most affordable, high-quality insulin pump that is presently offered in India’, that can help manage diabetes more economically. The product is all set to launch after the CE certification is complete, by the end of 2024. It is currently available for pre-order and the pricing starts at Rs 24,499. Open MedLabs, affiliated with Bengaluru-based Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is developing InsuFlo, an affordable insulin pump for type-1 diabetes, designed for vulnerable populations. The product aims to tackle the problem of making an affordable insulin pump that is ‘accessible to patients at the base of the economic pyramid and is designed for such users as opposed to an imported device.’ Already two years in the making, InsuFlo is one of the national winners of ASME ISHOW India 2022, making patients anticipate its arrival. Further, with the emergence of cutting-edge glucose monitoring devices like wearable sweat analysers, semi-invasive skin patches, and one-prick glucometers, diabetics may now check their blood sugar levels considerably easily. A Hyderabad-based startup, BlueSemi has designed Eyva, a completely non-invasive glucose monitor. Priced at Rs16,650, Eyva aims to allow monitoring of 6 key vitals including blood glucose levels by only placing thumbs on the gadget. A similar product, Ezlyf by the startup VivaLyf Innovations, in Hyderabad, which also came in Shark Tank last year, is currently undergoing pre-clinical trials is expected to come to the market sometime in the future. The startup has also been endorsed by the Research and Innovation Circle Hyderabad (RICH) which is the Science and Technology cluster of the Telangana government. Adding on, Ayati Devices is a medtech startup based in Bengaluru, which is set to commercialise scientific research into viable products with a major focus on diabetes & its complications. Their product VIBRASENSE Lite can monitor foot neuropathy which is a diabetic complication. Currently, it can be booked for a free demo session. BeatO CURV, developed by Health Arx Technologies Private Limited, based in South Delhi, is India's first USB-connected smartphone glucometer. It uses plug-and-play concept, connects via USB to your smartphone, where users insert a strip into the glucometer for sugar readings displayed on the BeatO App and saved in the cloud. It is also the 2021 winner of the #StartUpIndia Initiative by the Govt of India. It is currently available in the market for a sale price of Rs 399. As many innovations approach their market debut, it promises to bring new advancements to the field of diabetic medical devices, potentially offering enhanced features and benefits compared to currently available technologies.   Avantika Sanjay, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25304/confronting-genetic-disorders-with-technological-innovations-medical-advancements.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25304/confronting-genetic-disorders-with-technological-innovations-medical-advancements.html Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0530 Within India genetic medicine is gaining popularity, yet the size of the market for next-generation sequencing (NGS) remains relatively small. Valued at $22.02 billion in 2024 in India, the NGS market is projected to grow to $33.45 million by 2030. Industrial innovation is essential to this medical advancement- the scaled production of the technologies developed for DNA Extraction (manual and automated), Quality Checks using NanoDrop spectrophotometer, gel electrophoresis, and Qubit fluorometer, the process of Library Preparation from precapture to postcapture processes, and the bioinformatic analysis of sequence files collected will make disorder-specific testing accessible to all in the near future. In fact, the cost for WES is already falling as it becomes more widely used, with running a single WES costing about £382 per exome, which is ∼3.5 factor lower compared to the lowest cost estimate for WGS using HiSeq: £1,312. NovaSeq 6000 is the largest possible sequencer that is able to sequence a total of 384 samples in one run which lasts approximately 44 hours. Each machine has ‘flow cells’ which are slides that contain the samples. This flow cell has four lanes which allows for 96-plex per lane. Smaller sequencers, which can process fewer samples at a time, but run faster include the MiniSeq, NextSeq 550 and IonGeneStudio. They all function on the same premise, with flow cells that put the samples into the sequencer. MiniSeq can be used to analyse both DNA & RNA making it versatile, whilst NextSeq 550 performs whole genome sequencing in short run times. The IonGeneStudio leverages semiconductor sequencing to complete small sample sequencing in less than 24 hours, with maximum 45 minutes hands-on involvement. These machines increase the affordability of WES, making it progressively more accessible to the public. Each of these machines come with kits that contain assay information, and data analysis guidance. As a whole these machines represent individually packaged & self-sufficient testing systems for finding rare genetic disorders and classifying them. The data from this technology is classified into variants of pathogenic genetic disease strains, which is incredibly useful for developing genome libraries and enhancing knowledge about certain conditions. It’s also extremely helpful in cases of life-threatening conditions, which can be prevented by finding out in the neonatal or foetus stage of pregnancy when termination is still an option. The strategic combination of data analysis and raw processors allows these machines to be useful in remote locations to produce detailed gene sequences and their interpretations. Its practical value is made evident by real-world clinical cases demonstrating its impact on diagnostics. In one instance during our research work at LifeCell International, WES identified Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and a pathogenic DMD variant using the IonGeneStudio sequencer, allowing for early diagnosis and additional testing through Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). In another, a foetus showing signs of chondrodysplasia punctata was diagnosed with the help of the NovaSeq 6000, which enabled further testing like Sanger sequencing and parental segregation analysis. Similarly, WES and mitochondrial genome sequencing were used to diagnose Rauch-Steindl Syndrome in a fuetus with growth restriction, despite no family history of genetic disorders, while the MiniSeq sequencer facilitated additional genetic analyses and the NextSeq 550 rapidly diagnosed a Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair-1 after other tests failed to provide insights. These examples demonstrate how NGS delivers rapid, accurate diagnoses for rare/ otherwise undetected genetic disorders, informing decision-making by parents and clinicians alike. There is, moreover, an increasing need for genetic counseling which can be attributed to the rapidly advancing technologies for testing, and their increasing accessibility. The primary aim of genetic counseling is to educate and support families who require genetic tests and/or those who have been diagnosed with genetic disorders, outlining the risks and benefits of opting for a genetic test and providing support throughout the process. In India, it comes with the added caveat of not being able to reveal the foetus’s gender. Genetic counselors must present information objectively, avoiding strong suggestions while discussing potential next steps, and remaining unbiased and unattached throughout sessions. All in all, innovations in DNA isolation and sequencing have revolutionised the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the industrial advancements in the genetic testing process from DNA isolation, to sequencing, to patient interaction. These highlight the importance of WES and NGS in diagnosing complex genetic disorders, and demonstrate the high quality, speed, and accessibility of WES, as a result of industrial innovations.   Shivika Gupta & Pranati Kompalli ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25273/ai-healthcare-now-beyond.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25273/ai-healthcare-now-beyond.html Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0530 There are already a number of research studies suggesting that artificial intelligence (AI) can perform as well as or better than humans at key healthcare tasks, such as diagnosing disease. According to Morgan Stanley, biotechs are implementing AI and machine learning to drug development, potentially creating dozens of new medicines and a $50 billion market over the next decade. For instance, one of the leading COVID-19 vaccine developers and pharmaceutical companies, Pfizer, uses the IBM Watson Machine Learning platform to improve drug discovery quicker, cheaper, and effective. The global artificial intelligence in the healthcare market was valued at $16.3 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 40.2% to reach $173.55 billion by 2029. North America has a dominant position in the healthcare artificial intelligence market. Second-largest region in the AI healthcare market is Europe. Further, the AI expenditure in India increased by over 109 percent in 2018, amounting to $665 million, and is anticipated to reach $11.78 billion by 2025, going on to contribute $1 trillion to India's economy by 2035. Currently, the most common roles for AI in medical settings are clinical decision support and imaging analysis. Clinical decision support tools help providers make decisions about treatments, medications, mental health and other patient needs by providing them with quick access to information or research that's relevant to their patient. The challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic created for many health systems also led many healthcare organisations around the world to start field-testing new AI-supported technologies, such as algorithms designed to help monitor patients and AI-powered tools to screen COVID-19 patients. Machine learning models are being used to observe the vital signs of patients receiving critical care and alert clinicians if certain risk factors increase. While medical devices like heart monitors can track vital signs, AI can collect the data from those devices and look for more complex conditions, such as sepsis. One IBM client has developed a predictive AI model for premature babies that is 75% accurate in detecting severe sepsis. “After the Industrial Revolution and the dot-com boom, AI stands as the next monumental shift transforming every industry. Unlike previous revolutions, AI's impact is already widespread across sectors such as healthcare, HR, media and entertainment, and law. Remarkably, we are merely in the initial phase of this revolution. As AI evolves rapidly, we will soon transition to Phase 2, eventually reaching the stage of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), where AI will independently think, make decisions, and innovate. Given this trajectory, it's crucial for humans, the creators of AI, to embrace and advance with this change. AI won’t replace people, but those who leverage AI will surpass those who don’t. Despite this, many remain skeptical about AI, exhibiting strong resistance to its adoption. Through my daily research on AI's impact across various industries, I’ve observed a spectrum of acceptance. The medical field, for example, is quite receptive, with AI and computer vision systems being tested and implemented to tackle complex medical issues and even assist in surgeries. However, psychological sciences have been more hesitant, said Da Sachin Sharma -Founder- X DOT AI. Today, algorithms are already outperforming radiologists at spotting malignant tumours, and guiding researchers in how to construct cohorts for costly clinical trials. However, for a variety of reasons, we believe that it will be many years before AI replaces humans for broad medical process domains. “Deep learning algorithms have shown exceptional skill in analysing medical images for cancer detection, grading, and classification, particularly in histopathology sections, where they can identify and categorize cancerous lesions. Despite obstacles such as the need for manual annotation of large datasets and the challenge of understanding unknown histopathological features by algorithms, the potential of deep learning in pathology is clear. For cancer detection, pathologists rely on histopathological biopsy images, which involve observing the microscopic tissue structure of the patient. A digitised image is obtained through a capture process using a whole slide imaging (WSI) scanner. A WSI image is created by digitizing a glass slide at an extremely high resolution, approximately 0.25 μm/pixel, equivalent to 40x magnification on a microscope. A crucial step for automatic tumor detection from these high-resolution images is the generation of a heatmap, which indicates the corresponding probability scores. Once the tumour is detected, the most tumorous patches are extracted, and the top-K patches are passed to the grading module to predict the grade. Computer-aided nuclei grading aims to enhance pathologists’ efficiency and reduce misdiagnosis rates by automatically identifying tumour nuclei grades within histopathological images. Achieving this goal requires precise instance segmentation and accurate classification of the nuclei” said Dr Abin Jose, Research Scientist, Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Germany. One major advantage of deep learning is that AI algorithms can use context to distinguish between different types of information. For example, if a clinical note includes a list of a patient's current medications along with a new medication their provider recommends, a well-trained AI algorithm can use natural language processing to identify which medications belong in the patient's medical history. There are numerous ways AI can positively impact the practice of medicine, whether it's through speeding up the pace of research or helping clinicians make better decisions.   Hradhaya Bhushan Parchure, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25250/indian-biopharma-malaria-elimination-goal-where-do-we-stand-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25250/indian-biopharma-malaria-elimination-goal-where-do-we-stand-.html Thu, 10 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0530 India has played a pivotal role in the development, production, and distribution of RTS,S/AS01, the world’s first malaria vaccine targeting the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, a significant global health threat. Developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in collaboration with the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, RTS,S/AS01 received World Health Organization (WHO) approval in 2021. It marked a groundbreaking advancement in malaria control, particularly for Sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of global malaria cases occur. India's involvement began early in the vaccine’s development, contributing significantly through its participation in clinical trials. These trials were conducted in malaria-endemic regions of the country, providing a valuable setting to test the vaccine’s efficacy across diverse environmental, genetic, and socioeconomic contexts. The data generated from these trials were crucial in establishing the vaccine’s effectiveness and safety for broader populations, supporting its approval for international use. India’s biopharmaceutical industry also played a crucial role in scaling up the production of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine. Renowned for its generic drug manufacturing capabilities, India has become a global hub for vaccine production, and Indian biopharma companies, particularly the Serum Institute of India (SII), have expanded capacity to meet the demand for the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine.  This is especially important for low- and middle-income countries where malaria remains a significant public health challenge. The Serum Institute’s ability to produce millions of vaccine doses at an affordable price has been a game-changer for making the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine accessible globally, particularly to malaria-endemic regions in Africa and Asia. The R21 vaccine is the second malaria vaccine recommended by WHO, following the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine. R21/Matrix-M, developed by the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India, is for the prevention of malaria in children. Earlier this year, Serum Institute of India marked a significant milestone with the shipment of its first set of R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine to Africa.  The R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, developed through collaboration between the Jenner Institute at Oxford University and the Serum Institute of India leveraging by Novavax’s saponin-based adjuvant technology, received support from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), the Wellcome Trust, and the European Investment Bank (EIB). As per reports, Serum Institute of India has manufactured 25 million doses with a capacity to scale up to 100 million doses annually. However, reports have also revealed that approximately half of malaria burden in India is due to Plasmodium vivax, which has its own challenges and cannot be resolved with this Plasmodium falciparum vaccine. Epidemiologically, India does not have exclusive P. falciparum or P. vivax areas in the country but rather has a mix of multiple species including Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. The introduction of malaria vaccines, such as R21/Matrix-M, has indeed sparked renewed optimism in the global fight against malaria. But experts are of the opinion that a vaccine that may target both P. falciparum and P. vivax in all age groups and prevent transmission will be more fruitful for the malaria elimination goal.   Samika Jain, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25194/the-economic-and-healthcare-impact-of-hepatitis-c-treatment-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25194/the-economic-and-healthcare-impact-of-hepatitis-c-treatment-in-india.html Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0530 India's efforts to combat hepatitis C are primarily embodied in the National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP), launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2018. This programme aims to provide widespread access to hepatitis C testing and treatment, focusing on reducing transmission rates and improving patient outcomes across the country. One of the key components of the NVHCP is the provision of affordable DAAs, particularly Sofosbuvir, which has revolutionised hepatitis C treatment. DAAs offer a high cure rate of over 90% and are associated with fewer side effects compared to older treatments, such as pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The Indian government has made these drugs accessible by partnering with pharmaceutical companies to lower costs and promote local production.A notable aspect of India's approach is the collaboration with local manufacturers to produce generic versions of DAAs at significantly reduced prices. For example, while the cost of a Sofosbuvir-based regimen is approximately $84,000 and $94,500 in the USA, the price in India is reduced to approximately $161 and $312 per 28-tablet pack, thanks to generics and government subsidies (Iyengar et al. 2016). This initiative has been crucial in making treatment affordable for the millions of Indians affected by hepatitis C.   New Research and Advances in Hepatitis C Treatment and Vaccine Development Recent advancements in research may further impact India’s treatment programmes, both economically and medically. Emerging studies are exploring the use of pan-genotypic DAAs, which are effective across all hepatitis C genotypes. Cure rates of 95% to 99% after 8 weeks of treatment have been reported in people with hepatitis C who took glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Shorter treatment durations can lead to significant cost reductions, as they lower the overall expense of drugs, monitoring, and associated healthcare services. Additionally, researchers are focusing on drug resistance and combination therapies to improve efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance developing. Newer drugs like Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir and Voxilaprevir are designed to target patients who have failed previous DAA treatments. Incorporating these options into India’s public health programme could improve outcomes for patients with resistant strains, although they might initially be more expensive. There is also ongoing research into developing an effective hepatitis C vaccine. While no vaccine is currently available, several candidates are in clinical trials, such as those utilising mRNA technology similar to COVID-19 vaccines. If a vaccine were developed and introduced, it could drastically change the economic dynamics of hepatitis C treatment by preventing infections altogether, thereby reducing the long-term burden on the healthcare system.   Ongoing and Future Initiatives Curing hepatitis C has substantial long-term economic benefits. By effectively treating and curing patients, India reduces the incidence of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, which are associated with high medical costs. The prevention of these severe outcomes translates to lower healthcare costs over time and contributes to a healthier and more productive workforce. Public awareness campaigns have also played a critical role. By educating the population about hepatitis C, its transmission, and the availability of treatment, the government has encouraged individuals to get tested and seek treatment, leading to earlier diagnosis and better health outcomes. For example, in Tamil Nadu, the integration of hepatitis C treatment into the primary healthcare system has resulted in higher screening and treatment rates, demonstrating how local adaptation of national programs can enhance effectiveness. By continuing to adapt and innovate, India is well-positioned to further mitigate the burden of hepatitis C and serve as a beacon for global health initiatives.   Samika Jain, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25108/strengthening-ecosystem-for-medical-tourism-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/25108/strengthening-ecosystem-for-medical-tourism-in-india.html Wed, 04 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0530 India's prominence in the global medical tourism industry is underpinned by a blend of cost-effective treatments, advanced medical technology, and a highly skilled healthcare workforce. The country has rapidly become a sought-after destination for international patients seeking high-quality healthcare services at a fraction of the cost compared to developed nations. This strategic advantage is reflected in the comprehensive medical care and cutting-edge technological solutions offered by Indian healthcare providers. With the industry poised for significant growth, reports suggest that over 7.3 million medical tourists will visit India in 2024, surpassing pre-pandemic levels. The appeal of India as a medical tourism hub is further enhanced by the initiatives and programmes launched by major healthcare organisations and startups, aimed at attracting international patients and advancing the country’s medical tourism infrastructure. Apollo Hospitals, one of India’s most recognised healthcare providers, has been at the forefront of medical tourism with its "Apollo International Patient Services" programme. This initiative is designed to provide seamless and comprehensive care for international patients. Additionally, Apollo Hospitals has established telemedicine centres in various countries, allowing potential patients to consult with specialists in India before making travel decisions.  Fortis Healthcare, another major player in India’s medical tourism sector, has developed a robust "International Patient Services" programme aimed at catering to the unique needs of medical tourists. Fortis has set up specialised centres of excellence in fields such as cardiology, orthopedics, oncology, and neurosurgery, which are equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by internationally trained doctors. The hospital chain’s commitment to quality care and patient-centric services has made it a preferred destination for patients from across the globe, particularly from the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Further, Max Healthcare, a leading healthcare provider in India, has developed several innovative programmes aimed at enhancing the experience of international patients. For instance, the "Max@Home" service is particularly noteworthy, offering post-treatment care and recovery services in the comfort of the patient's own accommodation, be it a hotel or a serviced apartment.  Adding on, Medanta - The Medicity, a renowned multi-specialty medical institute in India, has established its "One-Stop International Patient Care" programme, which is specifically designed to cater to the needs of international patients. This programme provides a single point of contact for all patient needs, from pre-arrival consultation and travel planning to post-treatment follow-ups.  The impact of these programmes on India's economy is substantial. Medical tourism not only contributes significantly to the country’s GDP but also drives the expansion of healthcare infrastructure and the adoption of new technologies. As revenue from international patients continues to grow, it supports the development of state-of-the-art medical facilities and stimulates growth in ancillary industries such as hospitality, transportation, and retail. The influx of medical tourists also leads to job creation within the healthcare sector and related industries, further bolstering economic activity nationwide. The growth of India’s medical tourism sector is further bolstered by government initiatives and public-private partnerships aimed at enhancing the industry’s infrastructure and regulatory framework. The Indian government has implemented several policies to facilitate medical tourism, including the introduction of medical visas and the development of medical tourism promotion boards. With an aim to improve medical tourism in the country, the Ministry of Tourism formulated a National Strategy and Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism in 2022. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has also launched India’s official portal for Medical Value Travel (MVT) for those who want to avail medical treatment in India. This portal helps streamline the information and patient journey of international medical travellers to India. These efforts are complemented by private sector initiatives, where healthcare providers and startups collaborate to innovate and streamline services for international patients. By addressing challenges related to regulatory compliance, infrastructure scalability, and service quality, these partnerships are key to sustaining India’s leadership in the global medical tourism market.   Samika Jain, Freelancer   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25080/effectively-addressing-growing-rare-diseases-burden.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/25080/effectively-addressing-growing-rare-diseases-burden.html Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0530 The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) stated recently that certain categories of drugs which have already been approved in specified developed countries such as US, UK, EU, Canada, Japan and Australia, can be directly launched in India without local clinical trials, including orphan drugs for rare diseases. Considering the fact that many crucial drugs have been launched 10-20 years after being approved in the US and European Union, it might be a very positive step in the direction of promoting collaboration between local and global pharma majors to manufacture, market or distribute the drugs locally. This can particularly prove fruitful for the Indian pharma sector to address the growing burden of rare diseases in the country. With a staggering 400 million cases worldwide, rare diseases seem anything but rare. India alone accounts for some 72-96 million such patients. This means one in every 20 Indians suffers from a rare disorder. Additionally, individuals with rare diseases face numerous challenges, including late diagnosis and misdiagnosis, improper or no response to therapies, and lack of accurate monitoring tools. Misdiagnosing rare diseases is a significant obstacle that can lead to worsened symptoms along with the development of other health problems. As a result, with the third consecutive term win of the government, rare disease patients and their caregivers are now writing to the newly appointed Union Health Minister JP Nadda to draw the Ministry’s attention to the critical gaps that remain in the implementation of the National Policy for Rare Diseases (NPRD) 2021. For instance, the lives of many patients (mostly children) suffering from chronic rare genetic disorders, such as Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), are still fraught with uncertainty due to the lack of sustainable funding and delays in the effective utilisation of the allocated funds. While the recent development by CDSCO might turn out to be a good development, the industry and academia researchers must still continue their search for novel and innovative drugs to treat rare diseases. And to support the ecosystem in this search, artificial intelligence (AI) can make a big difference, in both diagnosing and finding treatments for rare diseases. The ability of AI-based technologies to integrate and analyse data from different sources such as multi-omics, patient registries, etc. can be used to overcome the challenges associated with rare diseases. To give an example, investigators from Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital have developed a deep learning algorithm that can teach itself to learn features that can then be used to find similar cases in large pathology image repositories. Known as SISH (self-supervised image search for histology), the new tool acts like a search engine for pathology images and has many potential applications, including identifying rare diseases and helping clinicians determine which patients are likely to respond to similar therapies. On the other hand, researchers from Canada's London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) and Lawson Health Research Institute are using a technology called EpiSign that leverages AI to measure a patient’s epigenome, which is a unique chemical fingerprint that is responsible for turning genes on or off. EpiSign can currently be used to help diagnose over 100 genetic diseases that were previously difficult to diagnose. Using this technology, the researchers are currently studying and developing biomarkers for over 700 rare disorders. Another kind of interesting work is being done by a Bengaluru-based startup called Peptris. This AI-based drug discovery company is focusing on helping develop drugs for muscle-related rare diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder characterised by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. With AI making significant strides in furthering our understanding of different diseases, this might be the right time for the industry to invest more into the technology, with support from the government, to improve diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.   Dr Manbeena Chawla Executive Editor manbeena.chawla@mmactiv.com ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/23486/five-healthcare-approved-sports-to-transform-your-alcohol-recovery-journey.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/23486/five-healthcare-approved-sports-to-transform-your-alcohol-recovery-journey.html Thu, 03 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0530 Five sports to pick up as part of your alcohol recovery Sport is one of the most recommended things to take up when in treatment and recovery for alcohol addiction, and with more people suffering than ever before, it’s important to discuss the options available to us.   The number of people going through alcohol rehab is quite staggering and if that’s you, then finding a routine that includes sport can be extremely helpful.    But what are the best sports to pick up as part of your alcohol recovery?  Running One of the most common sports that people with a range of mental health conditions pick up is running. It’s easy to start, can be tailored to any fitness level and you don’t need any particular equipment, except a pair of trainers.   The rhythmic nature of running can be incredibly meditative and helps clear the mind, reduce stress and as a result limit the chance for relapse. It’s a much healthier alternative to lift the mood, with the endorphins released giving you that “high” you would previously look for in alcohol. It’s a great sport for setting goals, feeling that sense of achievement and generally just being surrounded by nature. Swimming The soothing nature of water can have a real calming effect on people, reducing anxiety and stress within people. The full body workout of swimming is especially good for people in recovery as it’s low impact, so it won’t place a heavy toll on any joints.    The concentration required with swimming, particularly through your breathing technique can be a great distraction from cravings and any negative thoughts around your recovery, while it’s perfect for those new to exercise as you can go at your own pace. Yoga Often a key part of treatment, yoga is renowned for its holistic benefits and combines physical exercise with mindfulness techniques. It’s proven to help manage stress, anxiety and depression, while it can also help with deep breathing, an important aspect of calming the nervous system.   Yoga is all about connecting the body and mind and by fostering that you can really help find self-compassion within yourself. You’ll find many yoga classes out there specifically designed for alcohol recovery, and they can be a key part of a daily or weekly routine for you. Cycling Cycling is an enjoyable and versatile sport that can be both a solitary and social activity. It provides an excellent cardiovascular workout, improving heart health and endurance. For those in recovery, the sense of freedom and adventure that comes with cycling can be particularly uplifting. Exploring new routes and taking in the scenery can serve as a positive distraction from cravings and negative thoughts. Additionally, joining a cycling group can provide a supportive network of like-minded individuals, fostering a sense of community and belonging. Regular cycling can also help establish a routine, which is important in maintaining sobriety. Team Sports (Football, Rugby, Netball) Finally, the benefits of team sports are incredible. Not only have you got the physical elements of training and playing in matches, whether it be football, rugby, netball, cricket or any other sport, there’s also the team element.   This can really help in creating new, healthier friendship groups that are built on encouragement, camaraderie and being part of a community. This can be motivating, uplifting and provide you with support when you need it most.   Many local clubs welcome beginners, so why not give something new a try as you start to rebuild a new, sober lifestyle? ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24957/preemptively-combating-chandipura-virus-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24957/preemptively-combating-chandipura-virus-.html Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0530 An emerging pathogen that causes rapidly progressing influenza-like illness and acute encephalitis often leading to coma and death of the human host, Chandipura vesiculovirus (CHPV) is back again claiming lives in Gujarat and Rajasthan.  First identified during a 1965 outbreak in Chandipura village, Maharashtra, the virus has probably been endemic in this region for decades, and might have been responsible for several earlier outbreaks of encephalitis that have been recorded in India since 1954.  However, the first evidence for the Chandipura viral association with human epidemics was obtained during the monsoon season in 2003, when this virus was identified in patient samples during an outbreak in central India as a determinant of the acute encephalitis with a high fatality rate claiming more than 300 lives, mostly children, in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Later, cases have also been documented in Nagpur, Muzaffarpur and Warangal. The medical examination of patients recorded high-grade fever, occasional vomiting, rigours, sensorium, drowsiness leading to coma and death within 48 hours. Subsequently, another outbreak of this infection with more than 75 per cent fatality rate was reported in the eastern region of Gujarat, in 2004. The virus belongs to the rhabdovirus family, and has a single-stranded RNA and five genes. It travels through arthropod vectors like sand flies and mosquitoes. The virus reaches the salivary gland of the insect and is transferred to the mammalian host through bites. Animal studies showed that the virus affects only neurons and causes neurodegeneration. The virus upon entering the neurons triggers cellular stress factors and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The granules produced in response to cellular stress have been implicated in viral replication and ROS generation, which stimulates neuronal death. Both these phenomena cohesively explain the neuropathogenesis and neurodegeneration following the viral infection. However, the geographical distribution of the virus might extend well beyond India. It has also been detected in sand flies in Senegal and Nigeria. The viral detection in sand flies of the African continent indicates a high risk of its spread causing an epidemic in more parts of the globe. Given these forewarnings, it is of paramount importance to comprehensively understand viral biology and make efforts in the direction of developing antiviral measures. Though CHPV was first isolated in 1965, it was considered as an orphan virus due to low pathogenicity to cause infections in man and domestic animals. No efforts were, therefore, made to develop diagnostics or prophylactics. However, post-2003 outbreak in central India, it garnered global attention as a human pathogen of public health importance. For instance, researchers have demonstrated the application of sandfly and mosquito cell lines for early detection of the infection as the virus antigen could be detected within 2 hours of inoculation using immunofluorescent antibody technique. Also, according to studies, two candidate vaccines against this virus are under development, and awaiting trials.  Providing much needed hope, virologists at the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University are studying the pathogenic processes of the virus and will be helpful in diagnosis and drug formulation in times to come. This study highlights the important role of microRNA-155 in restricting CHPV multiplication inside the host which can then be used in microRNA based therapy. Recently, researchers at the National Institute of Virology (NIV) explored the repurposing of the antiviral drug Favipiravir against CHPV. Owing to its use during COVID-19, Favipiravir has emerged as a promising candidate, and its unique characteristics and clinical efficacy have garnered significant attention and demonstrated considerable potential in the fight against viral diseases. NIV has now gathered enough evidence of the antiviral activity of Favipiravir against CHPV infection, and further clinical evaluation may alleviate the associated mortality. Combined efforts from all stakeholders including virologists, neurologists, paediatricians and the government are warranted to address this public health concern.   Dr Manbeena Chawla Executive Editor manbeena.chawla@mmactiv.com ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/24915/oops-they-did-it-again-indian-pharmas-frequent-flyers-on-fdas-naughty-list.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/24915/oops-they-did-it-again-indian-pharmas-frequent-flyers-on-fdas-naughty-list.html Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0530 One of the FDA's key regulatory actions includes issuing warning letters to pharmaceutical companies that fail to comply with current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations. These letters alert companies to significant violations and demand corrective actions to prevent potential health risks to consumers. Indian pharmaceutical companies, which play a major role in the global drug supply chain, have been recipients of such FDA warning letters. The Indian pharmaceutical sector has witnessed many warnings issued by the FDA in 2023-2024. These letters typically address issues related to quality control, data integrity, manufacturing processes, and compliance with CGMP standards. Indian firms, including prominent manufacturers, often face scrutiny due to the scale of their operations and their critical role in supplying affordable generic medications worldwide. The FDA's oversight ensures that these companies maintain high standards to protect patient health and safety, and non-compliance can result in significant consequences, including product recalls, import bans, and delays in drug approvals.   Recent FDA Warning Letters Natco Pharma Date: April 8, 2024 The FDA conducted an inspection of Natco Pharma Limited's drug manufacturing facility in Kothur Village Rangareddy, Telangana, India, from October 9 to 18, 2023. The inspection revealed significant violations of CGMP regulations for finished pharmaceuticals. These violations included inadequate cleaning, maintenance, and sanitation of equipment, leading to contamination risks. The response from Natco Pharma was deemed insufficient, and the FDA required a comprehensive assessment and corrective action plan. Natco Pharma has committed to temporarily suspend production of all drugs intended for the U.S. market while addressing the CGMP violations. Insight: Natco Pharma's situation underscores the critical importance of robust cleaning protocols and comprehensive responses to regulatory findings. Temporary suspension of production can significantly impact revenue and market presence, emphasizing the need for proactive quality assurance measures. Sun Pharmaceuticals Date: June 18, 2024 An inspection of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, located in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, revealed significant CGMP violations. These included inadequate cleaning and maintenance of equipment, leading to contamination risks. The FDA noted repeated violations at multiple sites within Sun Pharmaceutical's network, indicating inadequate management oversight. The company was given 15 working days to respond with corrective actions and plans to prevent recurrence. Insight: Sun Pharmaceuticals' recurring issues across multiple sites highlight systemic challenges within the company's quality management system. Addressing these requires not only localized fixes but also a top-down reevaluation of corporate governance and quality culture. Dr. Sankunni’s Ayurvedic Research Foundation Private Ltd. Date: April 18, 2024 The FDA issued a warning letter to Dr. Sankunni’s Ayurvedic Research Foundation regarding serious violations related to the drug listing information submitted for multiple products. These discrepancies rendered the products misbranded, and the FDA emphasized the importance of accurate listing for patient safety. Immediate corrective actions were required, with a detailed response expected within 15 working days. Insight: The case of Dr. Sankunni’s Ayurvedic Research Foundation highlights the critical role of accurate documentation and transparent communication with regulatory bodies. Misbranding not only jeopardizes patient safety but also erodes trust and market credibility. Kilitch Healthcare India Limited Date: March 28, 2024 Kilitch Healthcare's facility in Navi Mumbai was found to be operating under insanitary conditions, leading to adulteration of drug products. Violations included inadequate facility maintenance, poor aseptic practices, and deficiencies in the quality control unit's oversight and data integrity. The FDA demanded comprehensive remedial actions and a detailed plan for data integrity remediation. Insight: Kilitch Healthcare’s violations emphasize the need for stringent aseptic practices and robust data integrity protocols. Ensuring a clean and controlled manufacturing environment is fundamental to maintaining product quality and patient safety. Madhu Instruments Private Limited Date: February 1, 2024 An FDA inspection of Madhu Instruments Private Limited revealed significant deficiencies in the manufacturing environment and equipment maintenance. The response to the FDA's Form 483 was deemed inadequate, and the FDA emphasized the necessity for robust corrective measures. The facility was placed on Import Alert 66-40, meaning products may be detained or refused admission into the United States unless compliance is confirmed. Insight: Madhu Instruments’ situation illustrates the severe consequences of failing to maintain sanitary conditions and appropriate maintenance protocols. Import alerts can severely disrupt business operations and market access, necessitating immediate and effective corrective actions. Patcos Cosmetics Pvt. Ltd. Date: December 15, 2023 Patcos Cosmetics Pvt. Ltd. faced significant CGMP violations, including failure to conduct proper identity tests for high-risk components susceptible to contamination. The FDA placed the firm on Import Alert 66-40 and required prompt corrective actions and a detailed response within 30 working days. Insight: Patcos Cosmetics' failure to conduct identity tests for high-risk components underscores the critical need for thorough quality control testing. Ensuring the safety of ingredients is paramount to prevent harmful contamination and maintain consumer trust. Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited Date: November 21, 2024 An inspection of Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited's facility in Ahmedabad revealed significant CGMP violations, including data integrity issues and failures in investigating discrepancies. The FDA demanded detailed remediation plans and effective executive management oversight. Insight: Intas Pharmaceuticals’ data integrity issues highlight the essential role of accurate and reliable record-keeping in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive overhaul of data management systems and enhanced oversight from executive leadership. Cipla Limited Date: November 17, 2024 Cipla Limited’s facility in Indore faced significant CGMP violations, including inadequate investigations into quality defect complaints and media fill contamination incidents. The FDA requested comprehensive corrective actions and independent assessments of their investigation system and CAPA program. Insight: Cipla Limited's case underscores the importance of thorough investigation and resolution of quality complaints. Effective CAPA programs are vital to prevent recurring issues and ensure continuous improvement in manufacturing practices. Global Pharma HealthCare Private Limited Date: October 20, 2023 Global Pharma Healthcare faced significant CGMP violations, including failure to conduct Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing and inadequate cleanroom practices. The FDA requested a comprehensive risk assessment and remediation plan addressing all contamination hazards. Insight: The failure to conduct critical testing, such as Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing, at Global Pharma Healthcare highlights the risks associated with inadequate product safety evaluations. Implementing rigorous testing protocols is essential to safeguard public health. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Halol Facility) Date: October 16, 2023 An inspection of Sun Pharmaceutical’s Halol facility revealed significant CGMP violations, including inadequate aseptic practices and cleanroom design. The FDA required a comprehensive action plan and the engagement of a CGMP consultant. Insight: Sun Pharmaceutical’s Halol facility underscores the complexity of maintaining aseptic conditions in drug manufacturing. Comprehensive action plans and external consulting can provide valuable expertise to address systemic issues. Jubilant Generics Limited Date: March 6, 2019 The FDA inspection of Jubilant Generics Limited’s facility revealed significant CGMP violations, including inadequate investigation of batch failures and insufficient quality control. The FDA recommended hiring a qualified CGMP consultant to ensure compliance. Insight: Jubilant Generics' recurring CGMP violations highlight the need for sustained improvements in quality management systems. Engaging external consultants can provide the necessary expertise to achieve compliance and enhance operational standards. Medgel Private Limited Date: July 20, 2023 Medgel Private Limited faced significant CGMP violations, including inadequate investigation of batch failures and poor data integrity practices. The FDA requested a detailed plan to address these deficiencies and improve CGMP systems. Insight: Medgel's violations demonstrate the critical importance of thorough batch failure investigations and maintaining data integrity. Addressing these issues is fundamental to ensuring product quality and regulatory compliance. Centaur Pharmaceuticals Private Ltd. (Pune Facility) Date: July 25, 2023 An inspection of Centaur Pharmaceuticals’ Pune facility revealed significant CGMP violations, including inadequate cleaning procedures and insufficient quality control. The FDA required a comprehensive remediation plan and independent evaluation of cleaning effectiveness. Insight: Centaur Pharmaceuticals’ Pune facility highlights the necessity of maintaining rigorous cleaning procedures and quality control measures. Independent evaluations can provide objective assessments to identify and rectify deficiencies. Centaur Pharmaceuticals Private Ltd. (Ambernath Facility) Date: June 5, 2024 Centaur Pharmaceuticals’ Ambernath facility faced significant deviations from CGMP for active pharmaceutical ingredients, including inadequate document control and cleaning practices. The FDA requested a detailed corrective action and preventive action plan. Insight: Centaur Pharmaceuticals’ Ambernath facility underscores the critical role of document control and cleaning practices in ensuring compliance with CGMP. Detailed CAPA plans are essential to address root causes and prevent recurrence of violations.   Cleaning Up Their Act: Indian Pharma’s Brush with FDA Reality Check – Will They Finally Learn?   The recent series of FDA warning letters issued to Indian pharmaceutical companies highlights ongoing compliance challenges in the industry. Prominent firms, including Natco Pharma, Sun Pharmaceuticals, and Cipla Limited, have faced significant violations of CGMP regulations. These violations encompass inadequate cleaning procedures, insufficient quality control, data integrity issues, and non-compliance with aseptic processing standards. The FDA's rigorous inspections and subsequent warnings underscore the necessity for these companies to enhance their manufacturing practices and ensure adherence to regulatory standards. The emphasis on corrective and preventive actions (CAPA) and the engagement of qualified consultants illustrates the FDA's commitment to safeguarding public health. Failure to address these deficiencies could lead to severe consequences, such as import bans, delayed drug approvals, and potential legal actions. This situation calls for robust improvements in quality systems, executive management oversight, and sustained efforts to maintain compliance. Moreover, these incidents highlight the need for a proactive approach to regulatory compliance. Pharmaceutical companies must invest in advanced quality management systems, continuous training programs for staff, and regular internal audits to preemptively identify and address potential issues. Establishing a culture of quality and compliance is essential to mitigating risks and ensuring the consistent delivery of safe and effective pharmaceutical products. In the move, the persistent regulatory scrutiny by the FDA serves as a critical reminder of the stringent standards required in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Indian pharmaceutical companies must rise to the challenge by implementing comprehensive corrective actions, enhancing transparency, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. By doing so, they can not only meet regulatory expectations but also strengthen their position in the global pharmaceutical market, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes worldwide.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24832/leveraging-space-lab-for-novel-rd.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24832/leveraging-space-lab-for-novel-rd.html Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530 Microbes continue to puzzle us by growing in the most challenging conditions. One such challenging condition is the space environment. The harsh environment of space proves to be ideal for the acquisition of adaptive mutations, particularly in microbial organisms. Adaptive evolution plays a major role in the appearance of new phenotypes in nature and is of key importance in biomedical research, including the onset of carcinogenesis and in the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. A recent study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is focused on exploring the presence of multi-drug resistant pathogens on the International Space Station (ISS), which could have key applications for astronauts’ health as well on earth. The knowledge gained from this study could shed light on microbial behaviour, adaptation, and evolution in extreme, isolated environments that allow in designing novel countermeasure strategies to eradicate opportunistic pathogens, thus protecting the health of astronauts. The ISS has previously been used to detect the presence of many bacteria and even fungi in order for scientists to understand the impact that residing and traveling through outer space can have on microorganisms and humans. This is just one of the many research studies being done within the space environment. For instance, space is also helping scientists find new treatments through stem cell research. Scientists are taking advantage of the space station’s microgravity environment to study the properties of non-embryonic stem cells. The University of California San Diego Sanford Stem Cell Institute has recently launched several new nano-bioreactor experiments onto the ISS via the second Axiom Space Private Astronaut Mission, to expand research on human stem cell ageing, inflammation and cancer in low Earth orbit. Increasing evidence shows that microgravity conditions can accelerate ageing, inflammation and immune dysfunction in human stem cells. Understanding this process is not only helpful for keeping astronauts healthy, but it could also teach us how to better treat cancer on Earth. Another research project in the US is examining the effect of gravity on a type of stem cells derived from bone marrow known as mesenchymal stem cells, or adult stem cells with growth factors and healing potential. They play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration. The experiment could have implications for future space flights that include taking humans to Mars. Further, to unlock insights into protecting our brains from cognitive decline, a team of researchers in the US are probing the effects of space conditions on the human brain to inform potential applications for treating and preventing late-onset diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia. The research team is leveraging the unique space environment to study how microgravity, radiation, and other factors influence the brain’s ageing process at the molecular level. Not to forget, 3D printing stands at the forefront of transforming space exploration, offering unprecedented on-demand and rapid manufacturing capabilities. To date, 3D printing has revealed promising opportunities across diverse space applications, including the production of space devices and food, advancements in space biomedicine, repairs of electronics and sensors, and the recovery and utilisation of space resources. While global space leaders have recently explored 3D printing technologies in space, the field is currently in the early stages of technology validation, requiring extensive foundational research and key technological advancements. But since space exploration began decades ago, it has over the years led to new technology and medical advancements. As a result, scientists across the globe are focusing on multiple projects such as studying bone and muscle loss in microgravity, which impacts care of patients with back pain, osteoporosis or limited mobility; developing new terrestrial and spaceflight applications for ultrasound-based bone health diagnostic tools; conducting first-of-its-kind genomics work on the International Space Station, with many more to come.   Dr Manbeena Chawla manbeena.chawla@mmactiv.com ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/24780/the-essential-role-of-biomarkers-in-advancing-cancer-diagnosis.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/24780/the-essential-role-of-biomarkers-in-advancing-cancer-diagnosis.html Mon, 17 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530 Types of Biomarkers Used in Cancer Diagnosis The International Agency for Research on Cancer projects that the incidence of this disease, which is already one of the leading causes of death worldwide, will become even more widespread, with cases expected to reach 29.9 million by 2040. However, the number of cancer survivors is also expected to grow, reaching up to 22.5 million by 2032. While the increase in the cancer survival rate is determined by numerous factors, advancements in diagnosis and treatment techniques, including biomarker testing, play a significant role in the battle against this debilitating condition. A tumor marker test often aims to detect the presence or absence of a specific biological molecule signaling an abnormal process in the body. Currently, medicine relies on several categories of biomarkers. The most common of them are discussed in this article. Proteomic Biomarkers As the name suggests, these tumor markers are proteins synthesized in the body affected by cancer. These proteins can vary depending on a specific type of cancer. For instance, women suffering from ovarian cancer tend to develop Cancer Antigen 125, known as CA-125, which is produced by the affected organs such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, and peritoneum. While many proteomic biomarkers indicate the presence of cancer, this category also includes proteins found in healthy individuals. For instance, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is produced not only by malignant cells of the prostate gland but also by normal cells. However, elevated levels of PSA in the blood can be an early indicator of the disease. Genomic Biomarkers Genomic tumor markers represent a broad spectrum of gene expressions, chromosomal alterations, and DNA sequences. The presence of some of these markers in the body, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can significantly increase a patient’s risk of developing certain cancers. Furthermore, many biomarkers in this category help doctors conduct precise diagnoses. For example, genomic biomarker testing of patients suffering from lung cancer can identify specific mutations, facilitating differentiation between lung cancer variations such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Meanwhile, the detection of amplified amounts of certain genes, including HER2, common in some types of breast cancer, indicates a higher probability of faster disease progression. Additionally, certain genomic biomarkers can also provide insights into the potential sensitivity of some cancers to selected treatments. Thus, the increase in HER2 markers allows doctors to estimate the possible response to breast cancer therapy based on trastuzumab. Epigenetic Biomarkers While also related to genes, epigenetic biomarkers are chemical modifications of DNA, RNA, and histones rather than molecules with altered underlying DNA sequences like genomic markers. One such epigenetic modification is chromatin remodeling, which affects the structure of chromatin — a complex of DNA and proteins responsible for packaging long DNA sequences into dense and compact structures, thereby streamlining gene expression and DNA replication. Modifications in certain chromatins, including SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex mutations, are factors that increase the probability of cancer development. Metabolic Biomarkers The metabolic processes in the body are constantly releasing products of chemical reactions known as metabolites. Some of these metabolites appear when cellular metabolism is affected by cancer. Thymidine kinase, a phosphotransferase enzyme, plays a crucial role in DNA replication and repair by catalyzing the phosphorylation of the thymidine nucleoside, a building block of nucleic acid monomers. It is often classified as a metabolic biomarker. Proliferating cells require increased DNA synthesis for cell division, which in turn elevates levels of thymidine kinase. This is a common scenario for cancer, which often causes uncontrollable cell proliferation. By measuring thymidine kinase activity in serum, doctors can evaluate the severity of tumors and disease progression. The levels of this enzyme can also indicate the body’s response to the current anti-cancer treatment. Another example of a key metabolic biomarker used in cancer diagnosis is lactate, a protonated form of lactic acid. Cancer cells often experience the Warburg effect, a phenomenon of lactic acid fermentation, which is normally an anaerobic process, even in the presence of sufficient amounts of oxygen. This often makes high lactate levels in blood and tumors an indication of cancer, usually with a poor prognosis for treatment.   The four key groups of cancer biomarkers frequently used by doctors today are genomic, epigenetic, metabolic, and proteomic. For some cancer biomarkers, their mere presence in body tissues or fluids indicates the existence of cancer. For others, increased levels of biomarkers facilitate cancer detection, or can signal cancer proliferation and poor response to treatment. Some cancer biomarkers can also be used for disease prediction, indicating greater risks for an individual to develop a certain type of cancer, while others help doctors to specify the exact nature of the cancer. Biomarker testing allows doctors to tap into a rich source of crucial information on the specifics of tumors, helping them prescribe more effective personalized treatments to patients, minimize adverse effects, and even develop methods to prevent cancer. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24649/cure-for-multiple-sclerosis-ms-still-elusive.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24649/cure-for-multiple-sclerosis-ms-still-elusive.html Tue, 21 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530 World Multiple Sclerosis Day, falling on May 30 every year, invites dialogue on the disease between different stakeholders across the globe. The fact that symptoms flare-up and subside for many people with multiple sclerosis (MS), combined with the wide variety and unpredictability of symptoms, has made MS a difficult disease to recognize, define, and treat – right from the start. MS exists in India, but the prevalence is lower than in European and American populations. The phenotypic presentation of MS in India appears to be very similar to that of the West, and some of the genes in Indian patients are also similar to those found in the Western patient population. In 2022 alone, the Global Multiple Sclerosis Drugs Market size was valued at $24.64 billion and is poised to grow from $25.40 billion in 2023 to $32.43 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 3.10% during the forecast period (2024-2031). While there is no cure for MS, there are treatments that can reduce the number and severity of relapses and delay the long-term disability progression of the disease. For instance, corticosteroids, such as intravenous (infused into a vein) methylprednisolone, are prescribed over three to five days. Roche Pharma, a global leader in healthcare, announced introduction of a groundbreaking therapy for MS in India on 27th February 2024. Ocrevus (Ocrelizumab) has been launched as the first approved treatment for both Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS). Ocrevus is a monoclonal antibody designed to destroy B-cells, a type of immune cell with a central role driving inflammation in MS. However, cost is a major challenge here. This treatment is priced somewhere between 9 and 12 lakh. Thus, limited affordability and access to expensive MS drugs can restrict their adoption and limit market growth, particularly in regions with lower healthcare budgets or inadequate insurance coverage. Another observation is that the introduction of new oral drugs like Siponimod (BAF312), Tecfidera, Laquinimod, and Ozanimod is driving the segment's growth. But due to their greater efficacy and convenience, injectable medications are becoming more and more preferred over oral ones.  Hence, there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of MS to develop affordable and effective solutions to treat this condition. Recent studies conducted by researchers at institutions such as the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) have shed light on potential biomarkers for MS progression, opening up new avenues for early diagnosis and targeted intervention. In a recent development, Multiple Sclerosis Society of India (MSSI), a non-profit organisation, is set to collaborate with the Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras for advanced research into the cause of the chronic immune system disorder. Through innovative research, collaboration, and technological advancements, companies and researchers in India can push the boundaries of science and bring hope to millions of people affected by this debilitating disease.   Samika Jain, Freelancer ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24046/suffering-from-gigo-turn-to-grds-instead-for-better-healthcare-innovations.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/24046/suffering-from-gigo-turn-to-grds-instead-for-better-healthcare-innovations.html Fri, 05 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0530 Here’s the Problem… Let me get straight to the point. Many pharma and life sciences companies that dove into the Generative AI space are now dealing with a significant problem: GIGO. For the uninitiated, that means “garbage in, garbage out.” It’s an old computing term that has taken on new life amid healthcare’s burgeoning AI enhancements. Very simply, it means training your artificial intelligence models on bad data means you’ll get bad answers in the end. Seems obvious, doesn’t it? So why do so many pharma companies fall into that trap? Was it the excitement to get on the GenAI train? Was it budgeting reasons? No matter why they did it, healthcare companies are now finding out that their GenAI setups are suffering from hallucinations, and their output isn’t quite good enough for guiding next-best-actions for field reps or chatbot responses to potential clients and patients. It's very simply a matter of incomplete data at the onset. The idiom is “garbage in, garbage out,” but the reality is that the data you put in is massively valuable. It is in no way garbage; it’s just incomplete. You may be using structured data like those found in Excel sheets, customer databases, clinical trial results, and a myriad of other sources. But you’re missing out on the gold mine of results and insights: unstructured data. This includes doctors’ notes, recordings from patient exams, image scans, wearable data streams – any data that simply doesn’t fit into a neat spreadsheet. You need to find a way to get that treasure trove of information into your GenAI setup. And you do that by turning it into “generative AI-ready datasets” or GRDs.   Generative AI-Ready Datasets By converting data into the kind that’s ready for AI analysis, you can have GRDs that become far superior for applications like natural language generation and creative work. GRDs allow generative models like ChatGPT to learn and craft content that resembles the input data. In the pharmaceutical space, GRDs have the potential to revolutionise research and advance personalised medicine. From an operational standpoint, GRDs can help build the template for future custom training models. They can help refine models already in use. And they can bolster bespoke medicine by using individual patient preferences and health information. Of course, this is all done with the utmost adherence to privacy and ethical guidelines.   Sounds Familiar, But It’s Not Introducing natural language interactions provides real potential, from faster data retrieval to a laser-like focus on a topic to time saved. The upside is limited only by your creativity. But simply adding a fancy chatbot to your framework won’t cut it. None of these benefits will be possible if your information assets aren’t prepared. You need to turn them into generative AI-ready data. We know that GenAI and the large language models (LLMs) that power it are prone to inheriting biases from the training data. Those biases are two-fold. First, it can only report on the information it was fed. If your statistics were flawed, if you had the wrong dates, if you underestimated the number of prescriptions, whatever your mistakes were at the start – those mistakes will carry over to the results. But the second and more capacious bias is the style of answer those models will give. If you’re not feeding it the unstructured data, you can’t expect it to provide similar results. In other words, to paraphrase the idiom at the start of this piece: “human in, human out.” If you train your GenAI model with doctor’s notes, you can give results the way a doctor would say it. Feeding it the “human touch” will make the responses far easier for us in the physical world to understand.   Conclusion It’s not a suggestion at this point. To get the most out of your expensive AI setup, you must feed it the best information possible. That means no longer ignoring the hard-to-analyze unstructured information. You must convert it to generative AI-ready datasets. All data is valuable, so why leave half of it on the table? Use it, and you’ll uncover the hidden gems of insights you already possess. Forget “GIGO.” With GRD, you’ll have “insights in, better patient results out.” And that gives us all a brighter future for healthcare innovation.   Jassi Chadha, President and CEO, Axtria ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23976/women-of-northeastern-region-facing-severe-healthcare-challenges.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23976/women-of-northeastern-region-facing-severe-healthcare-challenges.html Tue, 19 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0530 The Northeastern Region (NER) of India, with its unique geography, diverse terrain, and rich socio-cultural fabric, is making strides in socio-economic development of the country. However, a deep-seated healthcare crisis continues to afflict the region, with both communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting the day-to-day lives of the people. The health challenges faced by women in NER encompass a spectrum of issues, including but not limited to maternal health, malnutrition, and infectious diseases; ignorance, limited access to healthcare facilities in remote areas amplifies these concerns, leading to a higher prevalence of health disparities. In women healthcare, NER is weaker than any other state of the country. The factors responsible for poor rural healthcare services are:   Menstrual health Issues Menstrual health among women is intricately tied to a complex interplay of cultural, social, and economic factors. Fortunately, various initiatives and awareness campaigns have been implemented to tackle these issues. These efforts aim not only to break the silence surrounding menstruation but also to empower women with accurate information and access to essential hygiene resources. Additionally, educational programmes are being conducted to dispel myths and foster a more supportive environment for women's menstrual health.   HIV and other infectious diseases North eastern states of India have higher number of HIV cases than any other part of the country. According to the NACO report Manipur has more than 25,000 registered people living with HIV and their children whether affected or not usually avoid getting tested for AIDS, for the fear of social ostracism. One of the major reasons for the increase in the cases of AIDS is drugs. Mizoram shares two international borders, one with Myanmar, the golden triangle in the east and Bangladesh in the west, a haven for drug traffickers, who often use infected syringes leading to its fast spread, affecting both men and women equally. According to the NACO Mizoram has acquired the dubious distinction of becoming one of the leading states that registered an average of 5 to 6 positive cases in a day. Manipur and Nagaland are not too far behind in the race.   Cancer According to the ICMR reports, the probability of developing cancer over a lifetime is as high as 1 in every 4 males and 1 in every 6 females in Assam. Among women, breast cancer was found leading with 14.5 percent followed by cervix uterus 14.2 %. According to the cancer incidence DAR for 2012 -2016 the highest incidence of cancer in women in India was in the North Eastern region, with Aizwal and Kamrup leading the cancer incidence rates.   Peculiar Dietary Habits Almost negligent availability of fruits and vegetables, highly spicy food, limited water intake, over dependence on hot beverages and consuming fermented pork, dried and salted meat and fish using soda as food additive, raise the risk of cancer. The prevalence of H pylori infection which may act as carcinogen is very high in these regions. The practice of betel nut chewing was found to be one of the major reasons for oesophageal cancer. Mizo women, particularly from Aizwal district, have the highest incidence of lung cancer due to excessive tobacco use, cigarette smoking, and inhalation of second-hand smoke. About 22.8% women suffer from tobacco related cancer, of which Tripura leads in tobacco consumption. In breast cancer, Aizwal recorded the highest incidence among all North Eastern states. Cervical cancer, another leading type of cancer, caused by persistent infection with HPY 16 and 18 is prevalent among women.   Other conditions Maternal health remains a significant concern, with inadequate antenatal care and unskilled birthing assistance contributing to heightened risks during pregnancy and childbirth. Cultural norms and societal taboos surrounding menstruation continue to influence women's experiences in the region. These norms can contribute to a lack of open dialogue about menstrual health, leading to misinformation and stigma. Infectious diseases, such as malaria and waterborne illnesses, pose additional threats to the well-being of women in the region. Economic disparities also play a role. Many women have to struggle to afford sanitary products, leading to improvised solutions that may compromise hygiene. Efforts to address these issues involve a multi-faceted approach, combining improved healthcare infrastructure, community health education, and targeted interventions for maternal and child health. Collaborative initiatives between governmental and non-governmental organizations are essential to alleviate the agonies faced by these women.   Disease Burden and Healthcare Utilisation Study A comprehensive study was conducted by Manali Swargiary and H. Lhungdim which aimed to understand the disease burden and healthcare utilization in the North Eastern Region of the country. The findings were shocking. The study revealed that Sikkim and Mizoram reported the highest prevalence, while Meghalaya emerged as the 'healthiest' state with the least reported prevalence. The prevalence of infectious diseases was highest, followed by other ailments and NCDs. Notably, NCDs, including vaginal, menstrual, and reproductive health issues, have been gradually expanding in the region, warranting urgent attention and preventive measures. A survey conducted by Gynoveda in the eight states of Northeast India highlighted the staggering health challenges faced by women in the region. A staggering 98% of women reported grappling with health issues.    Over the years, the Government of India has implemented various healthcare infrastructure and policies to bridge the gap between the need and the feed in these underserved areas. However, despite an increase in expenditure in recent years, the region still lags behind the rest of the country.  The prolonged isolation, marginalization, increased cross border movements and insurgency in the region have hindered development. To improve women healthcare and establish primary medical and diagnostic facilities for the women in this region, a collaborative effort of the public and private sector is needed. Other than Government PSUs and Corporates have a crucial role to play in bridging the healthcare gap and build a better diagnosis and treatment facility by spending CSR funds here. Which can really make a difference.   CSR Funds and Healthcare in North East India A critical analysis of CSR spending in the Northeast reveals that it constitutes a mere 0.91% of the total CSR funds spent in India, as per the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. While there is a growing trend in the absolute amount, the percentage share remains disproportionately low. Education, health, and rural development emerge as the top recipients of CSR funds, but the challenges persist due to a lack of awareness, insufficient infrastructure, and difficulties in identifying and implementing projects.   Rural Development and Healthcare The Census data underscores the unique challenges faced by the Northeast, with 84% of the population residing in rural areas, surpassing the national average of 70%. The region, constituting 8% of India's total geography and home to 4% of the population, grapples with severe developmental challenges. Poverty rates in the region are significantly higher than the national average, standing at 34.28%. Despite government schemes, the Northeast continues to face developmental challenges, with limited CSR funds spent in these crucial areas such as healthcare.   Challenges and the Way Forward The healthcare challenges faced by women in Northeast India are deeply intertwined with the overall development and healthcare infrastructure of the region. Limited CSR funds spent, coupled with challenges such as lack of awareness, infrastructure deficits, and difficulties in project implementation, exacerbate the healthcare crisis. The agonising healthcare challenges faced by women in Northeast India demand immediate attention and concerted efforts from both the public and private sectors. The region's unique socio-cultural fabric, coupled with the burden of diseases and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, necessitates a comprehensive approach. Increased CSR funds spent in focused manner, awareness campaigns, and strategic healthcare interventions are crucial to empower women, enhance healthcare access, and alleviate the suffering of the Northeastern population. Only through collaborative efforts can the region overcome its healthcare challenges and pave the way for a healthier and more prosperous future.   Dr Rupinder Mahendra Murjani, Chief Medical Advisor, Superceuticals ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23841/education-must-for-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23841/education-must-for-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html Wed, 15 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0530 Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed type of cancer claiming the lives of more than 0.5 million women every year globally. Breast Cancer has become so common in India that we are bound to know a friend or a family member suffering from it. Thanks to the scientific and technological advances in oncology, early detection and treatment have helped increase survival to almost 95%, reduce morbidity and lower cost of care. However, even literate people are unaware of this or shy about accessing early breast cancer detection methods. Constant efforts are needed to increase breast cancer awareness among doctors as well as women and the public.     Breast Cancer Disparities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries commit to a holistic, 3-pillar public health approach, including health promotion, timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, and supportive care. Mortality due to breast cancer has dropped by 40% in high-income countries because of access to early detection and treatment facilities. Yet, this is not the case in low- and middle-income countries like India, pushing several families to poverty and financial hardships, social instability, and suffering. For countries with dense/remote populations with limited resources, cancer awareness and early detection of breast cancer are sustainable ways to reduce incidence and mortality. The National Cancer Control Programme was started by the Government of India in the 1970s. However, breast cancer screening is yet to become a part of national health monitoring systems in every district.     Early Detection and Diagnosis Early detection methods (EDM) mainly include breast awareness, clinical breast examination and mammography. Imaging techniques including MRI, PET, ultrasound, molecular markers and traditional tissue pathologies are further employed for confirmation and staging. Research on newer digital imaging techniques and molecular diagnostics is underway to provide affordable and accessible diagnostic methods. Studies on cultured, ex vivo and in vivo breast cancer cells are contributing to furthering fundamental understanding of the erratic behaviour of cancer cells. Emerging Artificial Intelligence-based solutions for breast cancer are awaited. Early detection methods (EDM) can be classified as those that can be handled at the individual or community level and others that require access to a facility or an expert. Trained ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife) and ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) workers, and physicians (Medical, AYUSH) play a pivotal role in early detection and referrals at the community level. Studies have shown that creating awareness among the public about breast health and risk factors, and training women in self-examination, had a significant increase in the early-stage BCs reported. This in turn helps in quick and effective management.   Medical Education and Interdisciplinary Collaboration The medical curriculum of the Indian National Medical Council delves into various cancer and tumour types including BC. Continuous medical education and skill-based fellowships can provide doctors and students of medical and allied professions the necessary exposure and skills to adapt to the changing S&T scenarios. Innovative early detection methods can be arrived at through the trans-disciplinary collaboration of medical doctors, health scientists, technologists, and sociologists. Government policies and programmes that prevent environmental damage and enable lifestyle improvement are long-lasting solutions to reducing breast cancer cases.   Dr Padma Venkat, Dean, School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES, Dehradun  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23832/addressing-monumental-challenges-for-rapidly-increasing-ageing-population.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23832/addressing-monumental-challenges-for-rapidly-increasing-ageing-population.html Fri, 10 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0530 The global population is growing as well as ageing. Globally, there are 1.1 billion persons aged 60 years or above in 2022, comprising 13.9 percent of the total population of 7.9 billion. Over the next three decades, the number of older persons worldwide is expected to double to 2.1 billion by 2050, with the share rising to 22 percent of the total population. This increase in the number and share of older persons will be visible across all regions of the world. In more developed regions, the share of older persons will increase from 26 percent in 2022 to 34 percent in 2050, while in less developed regions, it will increase from 11.5 percent to 20 percent during the corresponding period. India is not an exception to this phenomenon. There are 149 million persons aged 60 years and above in 2022 (as on 1 July), comprising around 10.5 percent of the country’s population. By 2050, the share of older persons will double to 20.8 percent, with the absolute number at 347 million. This unprecedented rise in the ageing population will have significant implications for health, economy and society in India. As seen in Japan and in European countries, this inverted aging pyramid will lead to 3 distinct challenges Increase in the load and burden on the Healthcare system Necessity to increase working age groups to maintain nation building activities Social Security and benefits related impact on the government India is currently poorly equipped to manage this transition both from infrastructural and resource availability. We are short by 0.12 million beds and more than 5 million trained medical and paramedical personnel as per WHO standards. Looking into the aspect of healthcare challenges alone we have 4 specific and monumental challenges with respect to the rapidly increasing ageing population: Care for Chronic illness and frail elders Accessibility for acute illness management Managing costs for Hospitalisation and Medication Wellness and Quality of life management for Healthy Elders   Care for Chronic illness and Frail Elders This segment includes bedridden elders and those who are unable to perform their activities of daily living. Taking into account the incidence of these (approx 0.25% of total population based on the index of frailty used) these account for nearly 3.5 million people who require either full time or part time caregivers. Home healthcare services provide this gap and over the past decade there is a shift from unorganised to organised home healthcare services with few organisations like HCAH, Portea etc leading the way. However, the home healthcare industry is plagued with critical challenges with availability of trained resources for the providers and at price points varying between Rs 20000 per month to Rs 1,50,000 per month based on the services needed brings forth significant affordability challenges in an environment where insurance is almost unheard of.  Where affordability is a constraint, this effectively means that for every elder who requires caregiving one family member remains unemployed to take care of them. Most home healthcare organisations are now migrating to assisted living models where resource availability concerns are being addressed to a certain extent. With the market growing at over 25% annually we have still not penetrated more than 3% in this space.   Accessibility for acute illness management Currently this is well addressed in Metros and Tier 1 cities with a mushrooming of private hospitals, however lack of geriatricians and trained nursing staff continues to impact the elder care space. Corporate hospitals guided by lower ALOS (average length of stay) metrics and pressure to increase ARPOB (average revenue per occupied bed) lead to early discharges with almost no transitionary care or continued care facilities available to ensure better outcomes. Once you are outside the metros and Tier 1 cities accessibility is a major challenge both from the availability of hospital beds and trained doctors and nurses. Covid as well as seasonal issues like dengue show the vulnerability of our system with severe shortages in bed availability, medicine availability and high mortality rates The goal of care for elders is still very transactional right now in hospitals rather than a preventive and holistic care cycle.   Managing costs for Hospitalization and Medication India has one of the lowest insurance penetration for senior citizens. With out-of-pocket payments continuing to be around 60-70% of healthcare expenditures, falling sick is becoming a financial nightmare for many families. Low sum insured also contributes to this with an average of under 3 lakhs per person. This effectively means that insurance struggles to cover more than 5-6 days of stay or 1 major procedure (hip/knee replacement etc) for the elders.  However, we have seen that the insurance space is growing at over 30% per annum in the age groups of 60 and above especially with progressive companies offering insurance for the parents of their employees. The critical challenge is the penalty for pre-existing diseases with ensures that a large number of medical issues remain unaddressed for anywhere between 1-3 years of the policy, which again feeds the vicious cycle of out-of-pocket payments and co-payment.   Wellness and Quality of life management for Healthy Elders This is currently the most under served area with fragmented services. Between clinics/diagnostic centres/health camps, these services are offered in bits and pieces without synergy. We feel that this is an area where a country like India needs to invest significantly, as this will reduce the burden of disease and frailty and bridge the gap between life span and healthy lifespan (around 16% of lifespan today). The core tenets of early identification, appropriate management and regular tracking is a space that is sorely absent in the country today. The healthcare system today is rewarding transactional care over holistic care and evolved into fragmented ownership of the patient’s outcome among various healthcare channels instead of consolidating the same and re-visiting the family physician concept. Basic screening+ diet+ fitness+ medication management is missing and this will be the differentiator between a healthy country and an unhealthy country. The onus should be on reduction of hospitalisation especially for preventable causes like malnutrition/ physical fragility and medication mismatch rather than rewarding hospitalisation among the private and governmental institutions.      About the author- Dr Harsha Guduru is the founder of Restory and a passionate physician in the space of geriatrics and quality of life in elderly. He has over a decade experience in the geriatrics space across Home Healthcare, Critical care and Hospital management.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/23446/augmented-intelligence-shaping-the-future-of-healthcare-through-ai-advancements.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/23446/augmented-intelligence-shaping-the-future-of-healthcare-through-ai-advancements.html Wed, 09 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0530 Explore how augmented intelligence, including Biological AI, Generative AI, and Emotion AI, is shaping the future of healthcare through enhanced decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment. Discover the transformative potential and challenges of AI integration in healthcare. In a world where technological breakthroughs are transforming industries at an unprecedented pace, the realm of healthcare stands poised to witness a revolutionary evolution with the integration of augmented intelligence. Bob Samuels and Sean Markin will be engaging in a live candid conversation with Steve Ardire, a seasoned Strategic Advisor, to delve into the potential of augmented intelligence in healthcare on “Candid with Bob”. This discussion will shed light on how emerging fields like Biological AI, Generative AI, and Emotion AI are set to revolutionize the healthcare landscape, enhancing decision-making, diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient experience.   Augmenting Human Intelligence in Healthcare   At the core of this transformation lies the augmentation of human intelligence through the power of AI. The integration of AI technologies can lead to more accurate and data-driven decision-making processes. Healthcare professionals can harness the vast capabilities of AI algorithms to analyze extensive datasets, uncover hidden patterns, and assist in diagnosing complex medical conditions. This augmented intelligence does not replace human expertise but rather amplifies it, leading to more informed medical interventions and improved patient outcomes.   Biological AI: Nature's Blueprint for Innovation   One of the remarkable breakthroughs that will be discussed in the conversation is the concept of Biological AI. Inspired by the intricacies of nature and biology, this branch of AI aims to replicate and harness natural processes to solve complex problems. By mimicking the efficiency of biological systems, researchers and healthcare practitioners can develop novel solutions that were previously unimaginable. This could lead to the creation of advanced prosthetics, organ replacements, and even regenerative therapies, ushering in a new era of personalized medicine and enhancing the quality of life for countless patients.   Generative AI: Unleashing Creativity for Better Outcomes   Generative AI, another exciting facet of the conversation, has the potential to transform the healthcare landscape by creating new data, content, and models. This technology holds the key to addressing data scarcity, a common challenge in medical research. Through generative AI, researchers can simulate scenarios, generate synthetic datasets, and develop predictive models, thereby accelerating drug discovery, treatment optimization, and disease understanding. The ability to create vast amounts of diverse data can drive innovation and lead to breakthroughs that were previously hindered by data limitations.   Emotion AI: Enhancing Empathy and Well-being   One of the most intriguing aspects of the conversation centered around Emotion AI. This cutting-edge field enables machines to comprehend and influence human emotions and behaviors, paving the way for improved patient experiences and enhanced empathetic interactions. Emotion AI could be integrated into wearable devices to monitor patients' emotional states, assist in mental health assessments, and even deliver personalized interventions. By understanding and responding to human emotions, healthcare providers can establish deeper connections, ultimately fostering a more holistic approach to patient care.   Navigating Challenges and Risks   While the potential of augmented intelligence in healthcare is awe-inspiring, it's important to address the challenges and risks associated with its adoption. Data privacy, ethical concerns, and the need for stringent regulations remain key areas of focus. Ensuring the security and privacy of patient data, establishing transparent AI algorithms, and maintaining a balance between human judgement and AI-driven insights are vital steps toward successful implementation.   In conclusion, the live candid chat between Bob Samuels, Sean Markin, and Steve Ardire will underscore the transformative potential of augmented intelligence in healthcare. The fusion of Biological AI, Generative AI, and Emotion AI has the capacity to revolutionize medical practices, enabling better decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment. As the healthcare industry continues to embrace AI-driven advancements, the prospect of a future where technology and human expertise harmoniously coexist appears brighter than ever before plus, you will get a chance to ask Steve your questions and get his insights on the future of AI in healthcare. So, mark your calendar for August 17, 2023 and register yourself for this informative yet “candid” webinar! ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23142/biotech-dreams-within-reach-5-insider-tips-and-tricks-for-success.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23142/biotech-dreams-within-reach-5-insider-tips-and-tricks-for-success.html Sat, 27 May 2023 00:00:00 +0530 The field of biotechnology holds immense potential for innovation and discovery. As the industry continues to advance, staying ahead of the curve is crucial for professionals. Whether you're a scientist, entrepreneur, or simply passionate about biotech, this article will provide you with five insider tips and tricks to help you succeed. Let's explore how you can turn your biotech dreams into reality!   Foster Multidisciplinary Thinking: Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that blends biology, chemistry, computer science, and engineering. Embracing multiple perspectives will broaden your thought process and allow you to approach challenges from multiple angles. Seek opportunities to collaborate and learn from experts in different fields, as this will improve your problem-solving skills and lead to new solutions.   Continuous Education and Career Development: The biotechnology industry is evolving rapidly with new discoveries and emerging technologies. To stay relevant and competitive, lifelong learning and professional development are essential. Attend conferences, seminars, and workshops to expand your knowledge and collaborate with experts. Additionally, explore online courses, books, and research papers to deepen your understanding of specific biotech topics.   Embrace Emerging Technologies: Technology plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of biotechnology. Stay updated on advancements such as gene editing (CRISPR-Cas9), artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced scanning techniques. Understand their applications and relevance in the industry. Effectively utilizing these technologies can enhance research, streamline processes, and enable the development of novel solutions.   Build Effective Networks: Building effective networks is critical in the biotech industry. Connect with like-minded individuals, attend industry events, and engage in biotechnology discussions online or through social media groups. Actively participate in discussions, share your insights, and seek guidance from experts. A strong network can provide educational opportunities, collaborative partnerships, access to funding, and potential career prospects.   Entrepreneurial Mindset and Perseverance: Biotechnology thrives on innovation, often requiring an entrepreneurial mindset and perseverance. Embrace the adventure and be open to exploring various job opportunities in different regions. Develop your business acumen, understand the regulatory environment, and learn how to effectively present your ideas to investors. Furthermore, be resilient in the face of disappointment and failure. Success in biotechnology is often achieved by those who persevere and learn from their experiences.   Embarking on a career in biotechnology or business is an exhilarating journey full of possibilities. Remember that success in this field requires a combination of skills, business acumen, and ethical responsibility. By following these insider tips and tricks, you can position yourself for a strong and prosperous future in biotech.   Dr Asha Rajiv, Director – IQAC & School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University)   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/23137/a-quick-guide-to-understanding-individual-health-insurance-comprehensive-coverage-at-a-minimal-premium.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/23137/a-quick-guide-to-understanding-individual-health-insurance-comprehensive-coverage-at-a-minimal-premium.html Wed, 24 May 2023 00:00:00 +0530 As the awareness about investing in a Health Insurance plan is growing, many people from different age groups, especially the younger generations, take steps to secure their health and finances with Health Insurance.  Health Insurance plans can be broadly categorized under two sections - Individual Health Insurance and Family Health Insurance. As the name suggests, Individual Health Insurance plans provide coverage on an individual basis whereas a family of self, spouse, children and parents can be covered under a Family Health Insurance plan. Based on age, requirements and family commitments, one can invest either in Individual or Family Health Insurance.  Against popular belief, Health Insurance is an essential investment for young people. Individual Health Insurance is a feasible investment option to secure one’s health if they are single and just starting their career. This type of plan has a single Sum Insured and offers coverage up to the maximum coverage limit. Below are some of the perks of Individual Health Insurance.  Low Premium Individual Health Insurance plans provide coverage for an individual under a single Sum Insured. Unlike Family Floater Health Insurance, where a fairly large Sum Insured is required to cover the medical needs of the family members, individual plans can be opted for with a small Sum Insured. This reduces the premium. Moreover, if you are young and single, consider purchasing an individual plan as you can opt for it at a much less premium.  Cumulative Bonus Cumulative bonus, otherwise known as a no-claim bonus is a common feature in many Health Insurance plans. If a policyholder does not make a claim during a policy year, then a certain percentage of the Sum Insured is offered as a bonus. This will be added to the overall Sum Insured, thus, one can get extended coverage at times of need. This is an attractive feature, especially when it comes to Individual Health Insurance plans where the probability of making a claim is low compared to the Family Floater plans.    Flexibility One of the reasons that you can consider investing in Individual Health Insurance without much thought is that you can always convert most of the individual plans into Family Floater Health Insurance plans. During renewal, you convert your existing individual plan into a Family Floater plan by adding your family members like spouse, dependent children, etc., at an additional premium. You can also opt for a higher sum insured for covering the medical needs of all the added family members. Some policies allow you to add new family members even in the middle of a policy year. This feature is called Mid-Term inclusion. With this, you do not have to wait until the renewals to add your family members.  Discount Health Insurance policies offer a variety of discounts. One such discount is the long-term discount. If you purchase a medical insurance policy with a policy term of more than one year, then you can avail yourself of a certain percentage of discount on your premium. This will be highly beneficial with Individual Health Insurance plans. Since individual plans have less premium, you can opt for such plans with a term of more than one year. This further reduces your premium and helps you get comprehensive coverage at an affordable rate.  Individual Health Insurance is the best choice to secure your health if you are young and single. While planning out for your future, it is advisable to add Health Insurance to your list as you can get comprehensive coverage at an affordable premium.  _+_ ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23014/oral-cancer-awareness-month-raising-awareness-taking-action.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/23014/oral-cancer-awareness-month-raising-awareness-taking-action.html Thu, 27 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0530 One of the most concerning trends in oral cancer is the rise in the number of cases being diagnosed each year. Globally, oral cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer with India contributing almost one-third of the total burden and the second country having the highest number of oral cancer cases. In India, around 77,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths are reported annually. As compared to the west, the concern of oral cancer is significantly higher here since around 70 per cent of cases are reported in the advanced stages. Because of detection in the late phase, chances of cure are very low, almost negative; leaving five-year survival rates around 20 per cent only. This trend highlights the urgent need for increased awareness and prevention efforts. There are several common causes of oral cancer including tobacco use, betel-quid chewing, alcohol consumption and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. These risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing oral cancer and it is important for individuals to be aware of them and take steps to reduce the risk. This can include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption and practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection. Detecting cancer in its early stages is crucial in preventing additional physical, psychological and financial harm to the patient. By identifying it early, appropriate treatment can be administered promptly, potentially increasing the patient's survival rate to 90 per cent. While anyone can develop oral cancer, there are certain populations that are at increased risk. This includes individuals over the age of 45, men and those with a family history of cancer. Additionally, individuals who use tobacco and alcohol as well as those with a weakened immune system, are also at higher risk. The most vulnerable section of the society is underprivileged and lacks access to healthcare services. Many times, these individuals do not have the resources to get the necessary screening and care for oral cancer, making them more susceptible to the disease. The State of Kerala displays the lowest occurrence of oral cancer, whereas West Bengal records the highest. In the western regions of Maharashtra, oral malignancy is most prevalent in individuals aged 60 years or older, followed by those between 40 and 59 years old, with males being affected twice as frequently as females. An association based on gender has been observed in cases of oral cancer, with males exhibiting a high prevalence of cancer related to tobacco use. To address these risk factors and promote oral cancer prevention, it is important to prioritize regular screenings and check-ups with a healthcare professional. This can help to detect oral cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable. Additionally, individuals can take steps to reduce the risk by adopting healthy habits such as regular exercise, a balanced diet and good oral hygiene. Early detection is crucial in the successful treatment of oral cancer. It is important to know the signs and symptoms of oral cancer which can include persistent mouth sores, white or red patches in the mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing, and a persistent sore throat. If any of these symptoms are present, it is important to consult a healthcare professional immediately. Performing self-examination is regarded as one of the most efficient ways to detect oral malignancy at an early stage. Utilizing a visual screening method is a practical approach that can lower the mortality rate and potentially prevent roughly 37,000 deaths caused by oral cancer worldwide. Additionally, Artificial intelligence (AI) devices using different AI algorithms and techniques can analyse the images of the oral cavity. This can play an important role in detecting pre-cancerous lesions and predict the development of oral cancer which can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery. The Government of India has taken several initiatives to address the rise in cases of oral cancer. This includes providing free screening and treatment services for oral cancer as well as launching campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of early detection and prevention. In 2020, India devoted close to Rs.2,386 Cr towards the treatment of oral cancer which was funded through various means including insurance schemes, Government and private sector expenditures, out-of-pocket payments and charitable contributions or a combination thereof. Assuming no inflation in treatment costs, this is anticipated to result in an economic burden of Rs.23,724 Cr on the country over the next decade. Addressing the burden of oral cancer in India necessitates a focus on prevention, early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Raising public awareness regarding the causes and fatality of oral cancer, the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as the significance of maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial. As we observe Oral Cancer Awareness month, let us come together to raise awareness about the disease and take proactive steps to prevent it. By working together, we can make progress in reducing the incidence and impact of oral cancer and ensure that individuals receive the care and support they need to live healthy, fulfilling lives. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/20870/preventive-measures-against-high-blood-pressure.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/20870/preventive-measures-against-high-blood-pressure.html Thu, 23 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0530 You can assist in keeping your blood pressure in a healthy range by leading a healthy lifestyle. The risk of getting heart disease and stroke can be decreased by keeping your blood pressure under control. Use the following healthy lifestyle choices listed below.   Maintain Your Healthy Weight   High blood pressure is more likely to occur if you are obese. Doctors frequently analyse your body mass index to see whether your weight is within a healthy level (BMI). If you are aware of your height and weight, you can calculate your BMI. Doctors occasionally measure a patient's waist and hips to determine body fat. With your medical team, go over methods for reaching a healthy weight, such as choosing the right foods and doing frequent exercise.   Stay Active   High blood pressure can be prevented by exercise. The more exercise you get, the better, but even moderate exercise, like walking for 30 minutes three times a week, can be beneficial. Exercise increases the efficiency with which your heart uses oxygen, reducing the effort required to pump blood and reducing blood pressure.   Limit Alcohol   Alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure, even in healthy individuals. Your doctor might urge you to drink in moderation if you do. This implies no more than one drink per day for ladies and two for males.  If you are already under blood pressure treatment, your doctor might advise against drinking. Moreover, the additional calories in each drink might thwart attempts to lose weight. Inform your doctor if you're having trouble reducing your alcohol intake so they can suggest a treatment plan.   Manage Your Stress Levels   Stress can exacerbate high blood pressure and make it challenging to continue with good lifestyle practices. Adults should get 7 to 8 hours of sleep every night, exercise for 30 minutes three times per week or more, and try to avoid external stressors as much as possible to manage stress better. Moreover, consider engaging in relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises.   Keep Track   Healthy living creates the groundwork for healthy blood pressure, but hypertension is still asymptomatic. The best method to monitor your blood pressure and ensure you can react to any necessary changes is to take regular measurements. Both your doctor's office and most pharmacies provide blood pressure checks. Keep an eye on your blood pressure. Make sure to have your blood pressure frequently checked, either at home or in your doctor's office. According to research, high blood pressure frequently develops without symptoms; therefore, the only way to determine whether your blood pressure is rising is to take a blood pressure reading. Examine your daily routine to identify any modifications you might make to assist in lowering your blood pressure. Set modest objectives, like choosing fruits and vegetables as snacks rather than processed foods, and work on developing these healthy behaviours until they become second nature. If you are under high blood pressure treatment, making these lifestyle adjustments can help reduce it. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/20578/health-insurance-critical-illness-plans-limitations-and-conditions-who-can-buy-and-who-can-not-buy.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/20578/health-insurance-critical-illness-plans-limitations-and-conditions-who-can-buy-and-who-can-not-buy.html Sun, 06 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0530 A single piece of news and the fate for all the other three family members changed. Cancer comes in handy not only with emotional stress; it adds to economic pressure and uncertainty. Cancer treatment can exhaust over 30 lakhs - 35 lakhs, and it is a vast amount and dream for many in India.    You have a health insurance plan, but that will not be able to support your other needs related to critical illness.   And, it is nearly impossible to obtain a cancer insurance plan while they are already diagnosed with cancer or a cancer survivor. However, a critical illness plan can be added to their existing term plan to act as a savior in a dire time.    This blog will help you understand and,    Find the checks and balances applied to cancer insurance plans Who can and cannot apply for a cancer insurance plan Having a critical illness plan is important    If you are ready, let us take a deeper dive into this topic to understand a cancer insurance plan in a more detailed manner.    What is Critical Illness Cover?    A critical illness plan will cover all your hospital and non-hospital-related expenditures and comes with other benefits that will not only help you but your family members if you meet with an untimely death.   Buying health insurance and critical insurance plans is essential because with changing lifestyles, things are changing, imposing numerous changes within our body and hormones.    With such changing phenomena, our bodies are also exposed to multiple diseases, and cancer is one of them. This mere five-lettered word comes with a destructive magnitude that is enough to shatter your family and career.    And this is where the importance of a critical illness plan is understood. So, what is a critical illness plan?    Many assume that health and critical illness plans are the same, so those who think you live in a bubble. Health insurance is an efficient plan to help you sail through hospital expenditures. On the other hand, a critical illness policy helps provide monetary aid when diagnosed with any critical ailments such as cancer.    Factors Affecting Health Insurance Premium   A health insurance is designed to pay all the medical-related bills of the life insured. However, it doesn't cover the expenses of any critical ailments. In a nutshell, it reimburses the incurred expenses that the life insured has to bear or ends up paying directly to the hospital.    When you buy health insurance, the premiums paid by the life insured towards the insurance company can be influenced due to the following factors, and they are as follows:   Pre-existing medical ailments: Before you opt for any health insurance, the user is expected to undergo specific medical examinations, and the medical report needs to be submitted to the insurance company. It guarantees that there are no pre-existing health issues. However, if the user has any pre-existing health problems, the insurance company can accept them in their policies or even opt not to cover them. And if accepted, there is a fair chance of paying higher premiums compared to others.    Family medical history: If any critical illness runs in the family as hereditary, the premiums might be affected.    Harmful substance intake: If you are a smoker, drinker, involved in drugs and other harmful substance intakes then, it acts as a disadvantage for the user because these things are against healthy life and raise the threat rate for the user to get ill soon.    Marital status: Even though it is uncertain whether married souls live longer, insurance premiums are often lower for them. However, a change in marital status acts as a benefit for men as it helps them reap better benefits.    Gender: There might be certain differences when a female buys health insurance compared to a man, resulting in variation in premium payments. Experts say that - women are more likely to perform doctor's visits, have medications, and be afflicted with chronic ailments.   Age: It is said that buying insurance for a younger generation is always beneficial because the premiums are low, and there aren't many health issues that one shall face compared to the elderly souls. The death risk is also lesser compared to an old life insured.    Profession: For instance, if the user works in a hazardous or life-threatening environment such as construction sites, labs that deal with chemicals, radiations, coal mines, and many more. They are required to pay higher premiums because they are more prone to chronic diseases such as heart-related ailments, etc.    Conditions to Buy a ABSLI Cancer Shield Plan   Every insurance plan comes with certain checks and balances, and while planning for insurance, you should be well aware of the plan. Apart from the benefits and features, one should also be mindful of the constraints and conditions of the critical illness plan.   Let us take the Aditya Birla Sun Life Insurance Cancer Shield Plan into consideration to understand the limitations that a person planning to buy a critical illness plan should know. The list of ifs and buts in the world of ABSLI Cancer Shield Plan are as follows:   If you have indulged in smoking and tobacco in the last 1 year or were advised by the doctors/medical practitioners to quit tobacco consumption or smoking due to health reasons, it is a red flag. The condition of 7 days survival is important for claims to pass. The user has been advised by the doctor to halt the consumption of alcohol due to health-related reasons or ever diagnosed with liver problems as a result of alcohol consumption. Therefore, if you continue to consume, you aren’t eligible for cancer insurance. If anyone from your near family has suffered or is suffering from cancer and have succumbed to the deadly disease before the age of 60? You will not be eligible to avail this cancer insurance plan. If the life insured is diagnosed with more than one cancer in a single go then, the insurance company shall pay for only one. That benefit will be the amount corresponding to the cancer stage with the highest benefit amount. Ever been hospital to get checked, advised, diagnosed, undergone surgery, been treated, or observed any of the following clinical signs-   a) Bleeding, pus, or discharge from any part of your body, such as your nose, ears, mouth, skin, rectum, vagina, anus, blood in your stool/sputum/urine/vomit? b) Prolonged fever, headache, cough, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness of voice (for more than two weeks), vision problems, seizures/epilepsy, unconsciousness, blood diseases, irregular blood cell count. c)Have you or your partner been tested for HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?   You will not be eligible if the interested user has ever been diagnosed with cancer or early signs of cancer such as tumors or unusual symptoms such as discharge of body fluids, bleeding, pus, etc. If the doctor has advised you to perform the below-mentioned medical tests in the last six months concerning cancer detection or suspicion - ultrasound (USG), body scan, MRI, CT scan, cytology, pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy, blood tests, cancer/tumor markers, you will not be eligible to buy.   Conclusion   Life can be challenging, especially when health issues and financial crunch hovers over life. It is why insurance is vital in your good healthy days as it acts as a messiah in disguise during your adverse times.    Don't forget to opt for the right plan from a credible insurance provider rather than falling for sugar-coated insurance plans provided by any tom dick and harry. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/19976/health-insurance-vs-mediclaim-which-is-a-better-option.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/19976/health-insurance-vs-mediclaim-which-is-a-better-option.html Mon, 15 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0530 The abundance of options and the complex features and terms under plans which qualify as the best health insurance plan in India may be difficult to navigate for many prospective policyholders. One of the most recurrent confusions people have, is choosing between a health insurance plan and a mediclaim.  Many people often conflate health insurance with mediclaim as they are both policies targeted towards fulfilling expenses made for one’s health and treatment for the same. Health insurance and mediclaim can be utilised to fulfil different aspects of their medical needs. At a time where people are actively seeking types of covid 19 insurance, and diseases are on the rise due to high-stress lifestyle choices and inflation in medical expenses such as hospitalisation, doctor fees, tests and drugs; it is imperative that people invest in insurance solutions that can protect them monetary problems and stress caused by these costs.  Let is first understand the fundamentals of both these plans and how the best health insurance plan in India can help potential policyholder fulfil their needs.  A health insurance plan is a policy that covers medical costs incurred in the course of a prolonged hospitalization, and costs post discharge as well. It is a general policy that has many variations offered by insurance providers according to age groups and family structure. One may choose from an individual health plan, a family plan, senior citizen coverage and even critical illness insurance plans.  At times of great inflation in medical and hospitalization costs, the selection of the best health insurance plan in India is a necessity for every individual, otherwise one may run the risk of having to use their emergency savings to afford these costs.  A Mediclaim is a specific type of insurance policy that promises coverage to a policyholder but under specifies capping limits. These limits may range from hospitalisation duration or certain types of illnesses. The costs are covered under a Mediclaim are usually lower when compared health insurance.  Under a mediclaim there are two ways in which a policyholder can avail their monetary claim; a cashless transaction or a reimbursement. For a cashless transaction, the policyholder will not have to make any payments post-treatment, as the insurance provider completes the payment from their end directly to the hospital/treatment centre. For a reimbursement, a policyholder may make a payment at the time of billing and then apply for a claim to the insurance provider, the sum is then reimbursed to the policyholder’s account. Now that we have established the major features of a health insurance plan and a mediclaim, let us look into the differences between the both which can enable the policyholder make the correct choice: Feature: Mediclaim features vary across insurance providers. The coverage, capping is differentially offered by providers on the basis of their personal policies. Under a health insurance plan however, a specific sum is guaranteed on expenses incurred.  Coverage: Health Insurance plans offer complete end-to-end coverage against hospitalization costs, ambulance fees, including pre and post-op care. According to the necessities of the policyholder, they can avail a sum assured in the event that their income become irregular in the event that the policyholder meets with an accident.  Under mediclaim however, only the costs of hospitalization and treatment are financially compensated by the insurance provider within some pre-determined policy limits regarding each illness.  Flexibility: A mediclaim has limited to no flexibility, whereas a health insurance plan offers ample room for a policyholder to customize their policy as per their circumstances such as reduced premiums after a specified time period, or extending one’s tenure to avail insurance till retirement and after.  Sum Assured: The sum assured under a mediclaim policy is capped at Rs 5 lacs, whereas a health insurance plan is capped at Rs 6 crore per annum. The latter all-round offers a more financially robust and extensive cover for the policyholder.  Hospitalisation: Hospitalization is necessary for a policyholder to be able to avail their mediclaim sum to cover their costs. For a health insurance plan however, one does not need to be hospitalised. Critical Illness: One of the most important features of a health insurance plan is its Critical Illness benefit which provides coverage for more than 30 critical diseases such as cancer, kidney diseases, stroke and more.  Claims: Under a mediclaim policy a policyholder can avail claims till the point their total amount has been exhausted. For health insurance plans however, one can avail claims according to their reason. For standard claims one can avail coverage till their sum assured isn’t exhausted. For situations such as disability or critical illness the policyholder can receive a lump-sum payment from the insurance provider. One must note that claims made under the aforementioned reasons are only one-time payouts.  Add Ons: One can add additional riders for critical illness, maternity, accident and accidental disability onto an existing health insurance plan, but for mediclaim there is no such provision available.    A mediclaim and health insurance plan may vary across many factors but the main goal is to aid financial expenditure at a time when the policyholder is going through treatment and recovery. Understanding the fundamentals of health insurance and Mediclaim policies both is necessary to help you choose the right plan for you. It is a relief to have that additional support and Max Life Insurance can promise the same with their wide range of plans tailor-made for policyholders according to their needs. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/9108/what-to-expect-from-your-home-solar-power-system.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/9108/what-to-expect-from-your-home-solar-power-system.html Fri, 29 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0530 If you are a homeowner and have been contemplating installing a home solar power system on your property, we hope you have factored in the various benefits associated with the same. In case you haven’t or are only aware of some of the many benefits that home solar systems offer here’s a list of benefits that you will receive if you go solar. Reduced Carbon Footprint   One of the most important benefits of going solar is that it helps reduce carbon footprint. That’s because solar energy has an amazingly low carbon footprint. Home solar power systems produce energy through the photovoltaic process that has significantly lower environmental impact as compared to the energy produced by conventional fossil fuels. So if you care for the environment and would like to contribute to a greener future, then you must surely consider installing a home solar power system on your property.  Slashed Electric Bills   Worried about the rising electricity rates?  Or want to get rid of those big fat energy bills? Harnessing solar energy can help you do just that.  By installing a home solar power system, you generate energy for free. And in case you are thinking how you would power your home during the nights or on days that are cloudy you can install solar batteries to store the extra energy produced during the daytime which can later be used during the night. You may also go for a bi-directional net meter that sends excess units of energy to the local grid and the same can be offset in your monthly bill.   Complete Peace of Mind    If you experience long and frequent power shedding in your area and want to stop depending on your local grid for your power requirements you should go solar. Depending upon the frequency and duration of power cuts in your area, you may choose between a grid-tied (or On grid), and an off-grid solar power system. If you live in an area where power cuts are rare, you can go for an on-grid solar power system that is connected to your local grid. So whenever there’s a power outage or the solar panels aren’t producing enough energy, the grid tied solar power system draws energy from the local grid. Similarly, a property with an off-grid solar power system has no connection to the local grid whatsoever and it only relies on solar panels and solar batteries for its energy fulfillment.  High Return on Investment   Installing a home solar power system seems like a very big initial investment. But rest assured that installing a home solar power system can help you reap great returns on your investment.  That’s because the initial amount you spend on installing a home solar power system gets recovered in the first 4 to 5 years itself through the savings that you make on your monthly energy bills. Once you breakeven the amount you save on your electricity bills is the return that you make on your initial investment. Don’t you think it’s a great idea to go solar then?   Bring Home the Best Solar Power System  Now that you know the various benefits of installing a home solar system you must get one installed without much ado. Just make sure you buy from a trusted brand such as Luminous that offers a wide range of on-rid, off-grid and hybrid home solar solutions. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/19858/health-insurance-vs-mediclaim-which-is-a-better-option.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/19858/health-insurance-vs-mediclaim-which-is-a-better-option.html Wed, 27 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0530  The abundance of options and the complex features and terms under plans which qualify as the best health insurance plan in India may be difficult to navigate for many prospective policyholders. One of the most recurrent confusions people have, is choosing between a health insurance plan and a mediclaim.  Many people often conflate health insurance with mediclaim as they are both policies targeted towards fulfilling expenses made for one’s health and treatment for the same. Health insurance and mediclaim can be utilised to fulfil different aspects of their medical needs. At a time where people are actively seeking types of covid 19 insurance, and diseases are on the rise due to high-stress lifestyle choices and inflation in medical expenses such as hospitalisation, doctor fees, tests and drugs; it is imperative that people invest in insurance solutions that can protect them monetary problems and stress caused by these costs.  Let is first understand the fundamentals of both these plans and how the best health insurance plan in India can help potential policyholder fulfil their needs.  A health insurance plan is a policy that covers medical costs incurred in the course of a prolonged hospitalization, and costs post discharge as well. It is a general policy that has many variations offered by insurance providers according to age groups and family structure. One may choose from an individual health plan, a family plan, senior citizen coverage and even critical illness insurance plans.  At times of great inflation in medical and hospitalization costs, the selection of the best health insurance plan in India is a necessity for every individual, otherwise one may run the risk of having to use their emergency savings to afford these costs.  A Mediclaim is a specific type of insurance policy that promises coverage to a policyholder but under specifies capping limits. These limits may range from hospitalisation duration or certain types of illnesses. The costs are covered under a Mediclaim are usually lower when compared health insurance.  Under a mediclaim there are two ways in which a policyholder can avail their monetary claim; a cashless transaction or a reimbursement. For a cashless transaction, the policyholder will not have to make any payments post-treatment, as the insurance provider completes the payment from their end directly to the hospital/treatment centre. For a reimbursement, a policyholder may make a payment at the time of billing and then apply for a claim to the insurance provider, the sum is then reimbursed to the policyholder’s account. Now that we have established the major features of a health insurance plan and a mediclaim, let us look into the differences between the both which can enable the policyholder make the correct choice: Feature: Mediclaim features vary across insurance providers. The coverage, capping is differentially offered by providers on the basis of their personal policies. Under a health insurance plan however, a specific sum is guaranteed on expenses incurred.  Coverage: Health Insurance plans offer complete end-to-end coverage against hospitalization costs, ambulance fees, including pre and post-op care. According to the necessities of the policyholder, they can avail a sum assured in the event that their income become irregular in the event that the policyholder meets with an accident.  Under mediclaim however, only the costs of hospitalization and treatment are financially compensated by the insurance provider within some pre-determined policy limits regarding each illness.  Flexibility: A mediclaim has limited to no flexibility, whereas a health insurance plan offers ample room for a policyholder to customize their policy as per their circumstances such as reduced premiums after a specified time period, or extending one’s tenure to avail insurance till retirement and after.  Sum Assured: The sum assured under a mediclaim policy is capped at Rs 5 lacs, whereas a health insurance plan is capped at Rs 6 crore per annum. The latter all-round offers a more financially robust and extensive cover for the policyholder.  Hospitalisation: Hospitalization is necessary for a policyholder to be able to avail their mediclaim sum to cover their costs. For a health insurance plan however, one does not need to be hospitalised. Critical Illness: One of the most important features of a health insurance plan is its Critical Illness benefit which provides coverage for more than 30 critical diseases such as cancer, kidney diseases, stroke and more.  Claims: Under a mediclaim policy a policyholder can avail claims till the point their total amount has been exhausted. For health insurance plans however, one can avail claims according to their reason. For standard claims one can avail coverage till their sum assured isn’t exhausted. For situations such as disability or critical illness the policyholder can receive a lump-sum payment from the insurance provider. One must note that claims made under the aforementioned reasons are only one-time payouts.  Add Ons: One can add additional riders for critical illness, maternity, accident and accidental disability onto an existing health insurance plan, but for mediclaim there is no such provision available.    A mediclaim and health insurance plan may vary across many factors but the main goal is to aid financial expenditure at a time when the policyholder is going through treatment and recovery. Understanding the fundamentals of health insurance and Mediclaim policies both is necessary to help you choose the right plan for you. It is a relief to have that additional support and Max Life Insurance can promise the same with their wide range of plans tailor-made for policyholders according to their needs. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/19859/should-you-include-parents-under-family-health-insurance-or-opt-for-individual-health-covers.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/19859/should-you-include-parents-under-family-health-insurance-or-opt-for-individual-health-covers.html Wed, 27 Oct 2021 00:00:00 +0530 That said, it has also managed to highlight the importance of a health insurance policy that comes to your rescue in these unprecedented times. Considering the sky-rocketing cost of hospitalization and treatment, a comprehensive health plan is now one of the most important aspects of everyone’s financial wellbeing.    These days, you have lots of options with respect to health insurance. For instance, if you wish to provide health insurance coverage to your loved ones, you could either purchase health insurance for family or buy a separate individual health insurance policy for each one of them.    If you’re unsure of what the right course of action is, this article may just be able to provide you with some much needed clarity.   Family Health Insurance Plans: Here’s How They Work A family health insurance plan is tailor-made for families. It extends the coverage to the entire family instead of just restricting the protection to just one individual.  If any of your family members, who are dependent on you, fall ill, you might be forced to go through tremendous financial hardship to cover medical treatment costs. Here’s where family health insurance policies come to your rescue. With health insurance for family, you can opt for a total comprehensive coverage that includes all of your family members by just paying a single premium.    Family Health Insurance Plans: Are There Any Drawbacks? The sum assured in family health insurance can be extended to cover several members of the same family in the time of emergency. However, opting for a blanket cover for an entire family or including elderly parents in a family health insurance plan also has its own drawbacks as the insured sum is shared between all family members. Suppose, you have taken a family health insurance cover of Rs. 8 Lakhs for six members of your family. In case, your mother undergoes a surgery that costs around Rs. 6 Lakhs, then the remaining cover for the other four members only be Rs. 2 Lakhs.    Also, the premium under the family insurance plan is subject to the age of the eldest family member. This effectively means that the chances of the premium that you’re required to pay shooting up as a result of inclusion of senior citizens in the policy is also quite high. That’s not all, there are more chances of you losing out on NCB (No Claim Bonus) benefits when you’re under health insurance for family too.    Individual Plans for Family Members: The Way Out Under individual health insurance plans, you purchase separate policies depending upon the number of members in the family. Here, each family member has a dedicated sum assured under the health cover. Opting for health insurance for individuals for each separate person in your family ensures that all of you have adequate medical assistance that can cover hospital expenses during medical emergencies, which can be quite unpredictable. So, in order to safeguard your finances against high hospitalization costs and medical bills, it may be a good idea to purchase a dedicated health insurance plan for each of your family members.   Conclusion Life is full of uncertainties, and a comprehensive health insurance plan offers you peace of mind during these uncertain and tough times. It provides you easy access to the best treatment available when you and your family members need it the most.    Here’s a point of advice. Irrespective of the type of insurance policy that you choose to purchase, always use a health insurance calculator. This nifty little tool can help determine the amount of premium that you would have to pay.    Also, since health insurance benefits tend to vary from one plan to another, it is good to compare health insurance online. This way, you not only get to make more informed decisions overall but can also ensure that you provide your family with the best protection.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9468/consumer-tech-trends-in-2021.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9468/consumer-tech-trends-in-2021.html Fri, 03 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0530 Many people relied on tech for many different things like entertainment, communications, productivity, and personal wellness. However, it’s also getting to a point wherein people are starting to question whether tech is starting to oversaturate their lives. Practically everything that is worth doing these days requires some kind of technological device.   The world is rapidly changing and it’s gearing towards a society that’s more receptive and adept at using technology in daily processes. Although, this is a fast-paced industry that has trends changing on practically a daily basis. Here are a few of the top consumer trends that are highly prevalent in 2021.   First, there are digital communications. Yes, most people are probably sick and tired of all their Zoom and Microsoft Teams meetings. However, these tools are largely responsible for continuing productivity within a work structure that relied on people staying efficient while working from home. More than just for work, people rely on tech for establishing closer ties with friends and loved ones as well. It allows people to literally feel more connected with one another despite being in different parts of the world. Of course, digital entertainment is a trend that has been around for quite a while now, but it’s still continuing to serve up new innovations every day. YouTube changed the game when the streaming service first launched back in 2005. However, these days, the world of digital entertainment has grown to become a lot more expansive. A lot of traditional services or sources of entertainment that are done in the physical world are now being transitioned to online spaces. For example, look at online casinos. There are so many online casino platforms that are recruiting new users every day because of the accessibility of the gameplay. One example of the innovations that casinos are rolling out these days is live roulette games. With live roulette games, actual human dealers are connected with real players through video conferencing technology. This essentially eliminates the need for an algorithm and it brings back the human element of playing at an actual casino. It’s not just roulette either. This is a trend that’s prevalent in multiplayer strategy casino games like live poker as well.    These days, more and more people are paying attention to their health. This is why companies like Garmin and Fitbit are totally finding success with their wearable tech products. Even other tech giants like Samsung and Apple are looking to capture a huge part of the market share with their wearable products like health trackers, smartwatches, and wireless earbuds. Slowly, technology is integrating itself into peoples’ articles of clothing as well.    Because of the pandemic, many people saw the necessity to innovate the way transactions are done. Amazon first made this popular with their self-checkout systems at their stores. But more and more establishments have adopted this kind of system. Essentially, customers are able to get the product or service that they need without having to interact with a human seller. It’s a matter of selecting a product and merely using technology on their phones or credit cards to make instant payments on their own.    Lastly, there is the gig economy. One thing that the pandemic helped people realize is that it’s perfectly possible to earn a living while working remotely. This is why many people have resorted to side hustles that have allowed them to consistently apply their talents and skills into opportunities for monetization.    It’s interesting to see how the world is going to continue to adapt and evolve together with the technology that it produces. It’s especially a lot more interesting to look at these developments coming right after a global pandemic that essentially necessitated the use of technology for continuity when it came to productivity and efficiency. At this point, it’s really no longer a question of whether tech will dominate our lives or not. It’s more of a question of how. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/9395/stopping-addictions-before-they-develop.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/9395/stopping-addictions-before-they-develop.html Fri, 20 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0530 Treating people who have developed a fully-fledged addiction can be difficult, which is why addiction prevention is the best thing we can do to make sure that as few people as possible are affected by the illness. Today, we know that physical and psychological addictions are real illnesses that require real attention and treatment. But, the first to look at is how to recognize addictive behaviors and how to distinguish them from normal leisure activities that so many people get involved with. To do that, let’s talk about a few common addictions in this modern era, and how they can turn into addiction if left unchecked with certain individuals. Video Gaming Video games are a very common pastime in this age and people of all ages and sexes seem to enjoy them to some degree. However, the less known fact is that video gaming can easily turn into a real addiction that can have very real consequences. Most children these days are first introduced with video games at a fairly early age, and this is the best time to make sure they are not over-exposed. By teaching your children that video games should be consummated in moderation, you can make great strides in preventing potential addiction later on. Most people who fall into the addiction trap of video gaming are in their teen years, when video games can be a great substitute for lacking social life, self-esteem, and other factors. If you notice your kid spending more than a couple of hours a day in front of the screen, it may be time to consult an expert and get ahead of things. Gambling Gambling has always been a popular vice and one of the most addictive types of behaviors out there. In recent years, we have seen an increased access to gambling, as online gambling sites have allowed people to gamble for real money from the comfort of their homes. Of course, not all betting or participation in games of chance can be considered as addiction. As you can see in this Dafabet review, the online betting sites provide leisure for millions of people who enjoy recreational betting, without any serious consequences. Yet, it is very important to be honest about your own gambling issues or those of your loved ones. The moment things start escalating and you are investing money you need for other things into your gambling hobby, you may be in over your head and looking for help would be a good idea. Alcohol and Drugs Alcohol and drugs are among the most common addictions simply because they are so available, and they make us feel so good. Most people in the Western world are exposed to alcohol in their teen years, while drugs can often be encountered in the early youth as well. The addictive nature of synthetic drugs is such that the single best tip for addiction prevention is to stay completely clear of them. Alcohol, on the other hand, is not as addictive and can be consumed in moderation without becoming an addict. Yet, in both cases, the best thing you can do is listen to your friends and family. If they notice changes in your everyday behavior and call you out on it, you should realize that the substances are changing your behavior patterns and it is time to change your habits, even if it means going into rehab.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19340/7-ways-technology-is-helping-nurses.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19340/7-ways-technology-is-helping-nurses.html Tue, 10 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0530 One industry that has benefitted from advancements in technology is the healthcare industry. From research to the medical diagnostic and imaging tools, even to the way patients are seen (virtual visits), technology is playing a massive role. And depending on your profession in the healthcare industry, technology will play an even bigger role. Curious as to how technology is helping nurses in particular? Here are seven ways in which it’s making a positive difference for nurses. Take Advantage of Online Programs One of the first ways technology is helping nurses is with the most important first step – their education. Those wishing to pursue the field of nursing can do so through options like the accelerated nursing programs online through Baylor University. This kind of remote learning has become mainstream nowadays, giving students a lot more flexibility, convenience and a more affordable option in many cases. Depending on the school and the course, there may still be a need to attend on-campus classes but these tend to be very short, with the majority of work being done online. Clinical placements will also be done in-person, making sure students get a well-rounded and complete experience. To take advantage of online degree programs students just need reliable internet - preferably high speed - and a computer/laptop. It couldn’t be more convenient. Smart Beds - an Exciting Advancement While it's hard to pinpoint the best technology that is helping nurses today, smart beds would likely rate high on that list. Smart bed technology is incredible once you start to dive a little deeper into it, and chances are we are just scratching the surface of what this technology will be able to offer.  Some of the highlights of a smart bed include being able to track vitals, the patient's weight and even movement. Nurses don't have to be in the room checking on the patient to see this information, and alerts can be sent to them to keep them up-to-date and aware of issues that need immediate attention. Smart beds will also be instrumental in helping to identify and track patterns that can assist in a patient’s recovery and treatment plan. It’s not that they replace the need for nurses, rather they provide a helpful insight, which allows nurses to be even more effective. In terms of patient safety, these beds are also proving to be valuable. Because they can alert nurses or the nurse station if a patient falls out of the bed, it allows them to quickly respond. Watch for these smart beds to expand in use and become more standard across the board. Wearable Devices for Patients The more information that can be gleaned about a patient, the better their treatment plan will be. There's no doubt about this, but gaining that information isn't always easy. This is where nurses are leaning on technology again. Wearable medical devices that can be used by patients help to provide useful medical insight.  These kinds of devices can track such information as heart rate, breathing sounds, resting heart rate, activity level and so much more. Again, it's as though we are just now scratching the surface of what this technology is capable of. Electronic Health Records - Creating a More Streamlined System Here's another way that technology is having a big impact. Electronic health records create a more seamless way to keep track of patient records and history. This information can then be accessed state and even country-wide, with notes, comments, lab and test results, diagnosis and more being updated in real-time.  Not only do electronic health records make a nurse’s job easier, but it also helps to ensure that mistakes in care aren’t made. Important details won’t be overlooked, as the nurse will have access to a patient’s entire medical history quickly and easily. This isn’t just the path forward in the future; it is happening right now. Electronic Communication Tool Nurses need to be in constant contact with each other as well as other healthcare professionals in the workplace. This is especially true in a hospital environment where nurses are working with multiple patients per shift, each with their team of doctors and professionals. This is where electronic messaging can be very helpful, allowing everyone to be in touch in real-time. Not only does this streamline communication but, again, it helps to ensure errors aren’t made and important details aren’t missed or overlooked. Some of the tools used can include instant messaging and even headsets that nurses can wear. Administering Medications - Effective Tools to Use A big part of each shift for nurses is to make the rounds to check on each patient's medications and fluids when it comes to IVs. This can be incredibly time-consuming but it’s important to do. Technology has now transformed this aspect of the job thanks to smart pumps. Nurses can now set up the administration of the fluid or medication, set reminders and alerts and feel confident that should there be an issue with tubing or low levels - that the smart pump will let them know. This kind of technology can go hand-in-hand with smart bed technology. Together they provide an in-depth picture of the patient’s current status. Telehealth Medicine – Providing Care to All Then there is telehealth medicine which has made basic care available to anyone even if they live in a remote region. Patients can speak to nurses, among others, over the phone in their own homes. This can be used for all kinds of different issues and has proven especially helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology Is Transforming the Nursing and Healthcare Industry Stating that technology is transforming the nursing and healthcare industry as a whole isn’t exaggerating, as it is touching upon so many aspects of patient care and well-being, as well as the productivity and effectiveness of nurses. These trends are expected to continue and evolve, offering even more benefits to nurses. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19171/mental-health-needs-more-candour.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19171/mental-health-needs-more-candour.html Wed, 04 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +0530 The number of people suffering from mental health illnesses and disorders, such as anxiety and depression, is going up globally. According to WHO, depression is the single largest contributor to global disability and also a major contributor to suicide deaths. And, with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic all over the world, the mental health crisis has accentuated. India is amongst the most depressed countries in the world. According to a study by the India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative, the disease burden in India owing to mental health illnesses and disorders increased from 2.5 per cent in 1990 to 4.7 per cent in 2017 in terms of DALYs, or disability-adjusted life years. The study also showed that India was the leading contributor to YLDs, or years lived with disability, contributing to 14.5 per cent of all YLDs in the country. In India, mental health illnesses and disorders are highly stigmatized. This results in cases of depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders going largely unreported. Additionally, most people diagnosed with mental health illnesses do not seek any kind of treatment. The stigma associated with mental health disorders as well as the lack of awareness, access, and affordability of mental healthcare has caused large gaps in treatment. Additionally, seeking treatment for mental health disorders places a considerable economic burden on those suffering from the illness. This has been known to drive families to economic hardships. This burden is more pronounced on middle-aged individuals, who are also the most affected by mental health disorders, as it affects their productivity resulting in an amplified burden on the individual as well as the economy.   Current Scenario According to WHO, the mental health workforce in India is not up to the required standard with a huge shortage of psychiatrists and psychologists in the country. In India, per 100,000 population, there are only 0.3 psychiatrists, 0.12 nurses, 0.07 psychologists, and 0.07 social workers. This is far below the recommended level of at least 3 psychiatrists per 100,000 people.   In 1982, with the recommendation of WHO, The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) was introduced to provide mental health services as a part of the general healthcare system. While the program improved mental healthcare access at the community level, insufficient infrastructure and resource constraints resulted in limited impact. The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 made several provisions to improve the state of mental health in the country. The Act stated access to mental healthcare as a ‘right’. It also instituted Central and State Mental Health Authorities, or SMHA, who would focus work on building a strong infrastructure that includes registration of mental health practitioners and implements service-delivery norms. However, as of 2019, only 19 out of 28 states have constituted SMHA. As of 2021, only a few states have included a separate line item towards mental health infrastructure in their budgets. After passing The Mental Healthcare Act in 2017, the budget estimates for the NMHP increased from Rs 3.5 million in 2017-18 to Rs 5 million in 2018-19. In 2019-20, this budget estimate was reduced to Rs 4 million and has remained at the same level in the following years. This includes 2021-22 when the Covid-19 pandemic reported worsening of mental health issues. With the rising need to address mental health concerns, new advancements are taking place all-around and digital drive have accelerated a transition to telemedicine or telehealth. This is expected to aid towards the adoption of telepsychiatry. The burden of mental health illnesses in India is large and yet understated. Healthcare institutions, such as Veda Rehabilitation & Wellness, operating with a team of world-class professionals, are a thriving tool in providing high-quality mental healthcare. Because it’s time to acknowledge, address and treat mental health concerns with responsibility!   Shaili Mehta Sonani, in-house psychologist, Veda Rehab & Wellness ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19252/what-is-more-influential-in-the-development-of-allergies-in-children-genetic-background-or-the-environment.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19252/what-is-more-influential-in-the-development-of-allergies-in-children-genetic-background-or-the-environment.html Thu, 29 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0530 Around 40% of children in the US have some type of allergy, and sometimes they can be life-threatening.  Researchers have been puzzling over the reasons behind allergies for many decades. The golden question is, what has the heaviest hand in causing allergies; genes or the environment?   The above question is not just crucial for medical researchers. Parents need to understand it as well so that they can provide the best environment and care for a child with allergies.   In this article, we are going to explore the two causes behind allergies in children and attempt to determine which one is the bigger culprit.  Allergies and Your Body Allergies happen when the immune system reacts to an allergen that does not affect other people. The immune system reacts this way because it believes that the allergen is harmful to the body when, in fact, it is not.  An allergen can be any substance that triggers the immune system to react abnormally in some people. To protect the body from the supposed “harmful substance,” the immune system produces immune cells and antibodies. These cause inflammatory reactions that affect various parts of the body.  A child with an allergy can feel adverse symptoms in their lungs, nose, throat, eyes, skin, gut, or throughout the body. These symptoms will appear whenever the allergic child comes into contact with the allergen.   Types of Allergic Conditions Allergies come in various forms. Allergic conditions include atopic eczema, asthma, hay fever, and food sensitivities or allergies.   It’s important to note that allergies have diverse causes. There may be both environmental and genetic factors involved. However, their degree of involvement will vary with each allergic condition.   Here are some of the common allergies that your child may have developed:  Food Allergies Here are some common allergens in food that your child may be reacting to:  Dairy Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Fish Shellfish Gluten Soy If you suspect that your child is allergic to some foods but are not sure which one, it’s possible to find out with at-home allergy and food sensitivity kits. If you are interested, you can learn more in this article about the best kits to use at home. You can also figure out if your child has multiple allergies.  Airborne allergies  Airborne allergies cause problems in the respiratory tract. Here are some common ones:  Pets Dust mites Pollen  Molds Cockroaches Other common allergies Some allergies are not airborne or food-related. Here are some common ones: Insect bites Medicines Dyes Detergents Pesticides Genetic Factors in Allergies  You may have noticed that if your child has an allergic condition, they might not be the only one in the family with it. Many kinds of allergies have a genetic link that has been passed down from the parents.  However, it’s important to remember that if you have an allergy, it’s not necessary that your child will develop it as well. The opposite is true too. If you and your spouse don’t have an allergic condition, your child can still develop it.   The above scenarios happen because genes don’t entirely cause allergies. They only increase the chances that someone will have an allergy. This process is also called genetic predisposition.   For example, you and your spouse may have no problem eating eggs. But your child has an allergic reaction whenever they eat eggs. In this case, you or your spouse may carry genes associated with this allergy, but they don’t have a strong expression. In the child, however, these genes are strongly expressed.  Impact of the Environment on Allergies The environment also has a significant role in the development of allergies. In most cases, a child will develop an allergic condition when they have the genetic predisposition for it.   So when a child is exposed to a specific allergen that they have a genetic predisposition for, it can worsen their allergic condition.   Early exposure to some environmental factors has been linked to the development of allergic conditions. Some of these include:  Cigarette smoke Farm animals and products Pets Viruses Vaccines Air pollution  Diet Medicines  Since allergens in the environment trigger allergies, the best way to combat them is to make changes in the child’s lifestyle and surroundings.   For food allergies, this task is easy. You only need to tweak their diet and check labels on packaged foods.   Airborne allergies, on the other hand, are more challenging to deal with. Try minimizing allergens in your house by rooting out pests and thorough cleaning to remove animal allergens. Make sure that your child wears a mask for seasonal allergies, and try investing in an air purifier.  Epigenetics — When Genetics and the Environment Conspire Together Scientists are uncovering a new reason behind the early development of allergies; epigenetics. It has come to light that some environmental factors can bring changes to how your genes work and express.   The effect of epigenetics is the strongest on fetuses. The mother’s lifestyle, diet, environmental exposure, and surroundings can significantly impact the child’s long-term health.    A study showed that exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy in some women caused the development of asthma in their toddlers. Many other studies show that eating processed foods during pregnancy has an effect on the child’s DNA structure which can possibly trigger allergies.  The good news is that children with a healthy lifestyle and diet have a reduced tendency to develop allergies. That may be true even if they have a genetic predisposition to develop that allergic condition.  The Final Word Both genetics and the environment have a part to play in the development and seriousness of allergic conditions in children. Your child may have the genes to develop a certain condition. But if they have a healthy lifestyle and diet, it’s less likely that the condition will appear. That’s why even if your genes put you at a disadvantage, don’t lose heart because you can take steps to fight against them,  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19085/covid-19-crisis-buy-term-insurance-in-this-way-to-get-maximum-accuracy.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/19085/covid-19-crisis-buy-term-insurance-in-this-way-to-get-maximum-accuracy.html Sun, 04 Jul 2021 00:00:00 +0530 It is common for people to experiment with various investment tools to meet their long-term and short-term financial goals. However, in the absence of a sound financial plan, you will not be able to grow your wealth or provide adequate security to your loved ones, in case something happens to you. Therefore, it is important to understand the power of investments and tools like term insurance calculator in making the right investment decisions.    So what is term plan? Term insurance is a crucial risk management tool that can help in protecting your family’s financial future and keep them prepared for life’s uncertainties. They also help you lead a tension free life, knowing that your loved ones will be able to sail through, even if you are no longer there to provide for them.    In this article, we will talk about term insurance and how it is an important milestone in your financial planning.    Importance Of Term Insurance   Term insurance is a crucial addition to your financial portfolio. With an increased risk to life in the modern world, term insurance provides you with a low-cost risk cover that protects your family against these eventualities. In case of your untimely demise, the policy nominee will receive the death benefit that will help them get back on their feet.    At the same time, term plans can be supplemented with riders to give you protection from events, such as critical illnesses, accidental death, loss of employment, etc., and provide an extra layer of security.    However, make sure that you add riders as per your lifestyle because each of these add-ons will bump up the premium price. You can use a term insurance calculator to calculate the premium you can afford and sustain throughout the policy tenure.    Benefits Of Using A Term Plan Calculator   Term plans are a low-cost life insurance tool that comes with affordable premiums that allow you to get extensive life coverage. Besides, you also get tax-saving benefits, the option to get returns on premium, and security against critical illnesses, etc. However, it is common for prospective buyers to struggle to choose the right term insurance plan, especially when the market is flooded with so many options. This is where a term insurance calculator comes in.    This tool can be used to calculate the exact premium for the required sum assured that will be adequate to help the policyholder’s family carry on their lives even in your absence. The term insurance calculator will calculate the amount based on your lifestyle and other financial commitments.     Simply put, a term plan calculator is an online tool that allows you to calculate the exact insurance that is required to protect your family once they no longer have your income to support them. It also recommends policies provided by different insurance providers that match your budget and requirement.    The users, too, find it easy to use this straightforward tool when looking for a policy to invest in. All you need to do is enter all the details necessary, such as age, retirement, annual income, liabilities, etc., and let the term insurance calculator do its job. The system analyses your financial details to determine your assets and liabilities.    Based on this information, it suggests the optimal cover that is suitable for your needs. Some calculators may even allow you to personalize your term cover to meet your specific requirements.    Here are some of its benefits:      Objective Insight Into Suitable Policies   Buying term insurance is an important investment decision. However, before you take that plunge, you need to educate yourself about the policy and its benefits. It should be adequate to cover all your needs and be reasonably affordable enough to ensure that you can pay premiums throughout the policy term.    This is why it is important to use a term insurance calculator that can help you calculate the appropriate cover along with the premium that you would have to pay.      Compare Policies    When it comes to comparing policies, a term insurance calculator can prove to be an invaluable tool. You can compare plans based on offers, rider benefits, premium, eligibility, etc., to choose the cover that suits you best.      Helps You Choose Affordable Policies   Since the term calculator gives you the liberty to look at policies, their benefits, overall cost savings, etc., objectively, it becomes much easier to buy the right policy that matches your budget.      Saves You Time   There is no need to devote long hours scrolling through the internet to understand and choose the best insurance plan. You can simply use a term insurance calculator, fill out all your details, and wait for it to calculate the quote for you. It is one of the most precise and hassle-free ways to determine which insurance plan can work for you, based on your inputs.    Keep all these points in mind when buying term insurance, and be sure to use the term plan calculator to make the right decision.    Source:  https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-india     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/9208/stopping-addictions-before-they-develop.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/9208/stopping-addictions-before-they-develop.html Thu, 24 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0530 Treating people who have developed a fully-fledged addiction can be difficult, which is why addiction prevention is the best thing we can do to make sure that as few people as possible are affected by the illness. Today, we know that physical and psychological addictions are real illnesses that require real attention and treatment. But, the first to look at is how to recognize addictive behaviors and how to distinguish them from normal leisure activities that so many people get involved with. To do that, let’s talk about a few common addictions in this modern era, and how they can turn into addiction if left unchecked with certain individuals. Video Gaming Video games are a very common pastime in this age and people of all ages and sexes seem to enjoy them to some degree. However, the less known fact is that video gaming can easily turn into a real addiction that can have very real consequences. Most children these days are first introduced with video games at a fairly early age, and this is the best time to make sure they are not over-exposed. By teaching your children that video games should be consummated in moderation, you can make great strides in preventing potential addiction later on. Most people who fall into the addiction trap of video gaming are in their teen years, when video games can be a great substitute for lacking social life, self-esteem, and other factors. If you notice your kid spending more than a couple of hours a day in front of the screen, it may be time to consult an expert and get ahead of things. Gambling Gambling has always been a popular vice and one of the most addictive types of behaviors out there. In recent years, we have seen an increased access to gambling, as online gambling sites have allowed people to gamble for real money from the comfort of their homes. Of course, not all betting or participation in games of chance can be considered as addiction. As you can see in this Dafabet review, the online betting sites provide leisure for millions of people who enjoy recreational betting, without any serious consequences. Yet, it is very important to be honest about your own gambling issues or those of your loved ones. The moment things start escalating and you are investing money you need for other things into your gambling hobby, you may be in over your head and looking for help would be a good idea. Alcohol and Drugs Alcohol and drugs are among the most common addictions simply because they are so available, and they make us feel so good. Most people in the Western world are exposed to alcohol in their teen years, while drugs can often be encountered in the early youth as well. The addictive nature of synthetic drugs is such that the single best tip for addiction prevention is to stay completely clear of them. Alcohol, on the other hand, is not as addictive and can be consumed in moderation without becoming an addict. Yet, in both cases, the best thing you can do is listen to your friends and family. If they notice changes in your everyday behavior and call you out on it, you should realize that the substances are changing your behavior patterns and it is time to change your habits, even if it means going into rehab.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/18976/stopping-addictions-before-they-develop.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/18976/stopping-addictions-before-they-develop.html Mon, 21 Jun 2021 00:00:00 +0530 Treating people who have developed a fully-fledged addiction can be difficult, which is why addiction prevention is the best thing we can do to make sure that as few people as possible are affected by the illness. Today, we know that physical and psychological addictions are real illnesses that require real attention and treatment. But, the first to look at is how to recognize addictive behaviors and how to distinguish them from normal leisure activities that so many people get involved with. To do that, let’s talk about a few common addictions in this modern era, and how they can turn into addiction if left unchecked with certain individuals. Video Gaming Video games are a very common pastime in this age and people of all ages and sexes seem to enjoy them to some degree. However, the less known fact is that video gaming can easily turn into a real addiction that can have very real consequences. Most children these days are first introduced with video games at a fairly early age, and this is the best time to make sure they are not over-exposed. By teaching your children that video games should be consummated in moderation, you can make great strides in preventing potential addiction later on. Most people who fall into the addiction trap of video gaming are in their teen years, when video games can be a great substitute for lacking social life, self-esteem, and other factors. If you notice your kid spending more than a couple of hours a day in front of the screen, it may be time to consult an expert and get ahead of things. Gambling Gambling has always been a popular vice and one of the most addictive types of behaviors out there. In recent years, we have seen an increased access to gambling, as online gambling sites have allowed people to gamble for real money from the comfort of their homes. Of course, not all betting or participation in games of chance can be considered as addiction. As you can see in this Dafabet review, the online betting sites provide leisure for millions of people who enjoy recreational betting, without any serious consequences. Yet, it is very important to be honest about your own gambling issues or those of your loved ones. The moment things start escalating and you are investing money you need for other things into your gambling hobby, you may be in over your head and looking for help would be a good idea. Alcohol and Drugs Alcohol and drugs are among the most common addictions simply because they are so available, and they make us feel so good. Most people in the Western world are exposed to alcohol in their teen years, while drugs can often be encountered in the early youth as well. The addictive nature of synthetic drugs is such that the single best tip for addiction prevention is to stay completely clear of them. Alcohol, on the other hand, is not as addictive and can be consumed in moderation without becoming an addict. Yet, in both cases, the best thing you can do is listen to your friends and family. If they notice changes in your everyday behavior and call you out on it, you should realize that the substances are changing your behavior patterns and it is time to change your habits, even if it means going into rehab.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/18538/what-is-a-mediclaim-premium-calculator-and-how-does-it-help-you.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/18538/what-is-a-mediclaim-premium-calculator-and-how-does-it-help-you.html Thu, 29 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0530 A premium calculator is an online tool that helps you to calculate mediclaim premium even before buying it. A premium calculator is developed to make the policy buying procedure easy and hassle-free for people with a busy and hectic lifestyle. The digital presence of the health insurance industry has eliminated the hassle of meeting with the agent,  visiting the branch office, reading a bunch of documents, etc. The online buying process of mediclaim insurance policy is simple and easy. Benefits of Using a Mediclaim Premium Calculator All the processes can be done online from the ease of your home. All you require is the internet and the browser of your computer or smartphone. It helps you save time and money by excluding unnecessary steps such as visiting the insurance company office, listening to a policy agent for hours, etc. All the hidden charges charged earlier by the agent after you have decided to buy the policy are also eliminated. The premium calculated is free of any extra charges. The various add-ons provided by the insurance company can also be opted as per the needs and requirements that suit you before calculating the premium. The insurance companies also provide various offers from time to time. You opt for an offer, if available at the time of premium calculation. Leading companies like Care Health Insurance, ICICI Lombard, Go Digit, etc., have online premium calculators. You can visit their official websites and calculate the premium for your mediclaim insurance policy. Important Factors Affecting the Mediclaim Premium Calculation Age: The age of an individual plays an important role in the premium of a policy. As the risk of getting various diseases increases with the increase in age, the policy's premium also increases. Add-ons: If you have opted for any add-ons depending upon your needs, such as international second opinion, air ambulance, etc., the premium of the policy increases. Duration of the policy: The insurance providers are willing to pay a discount to an individual if he is buying a policy for the long term compared to that of the policy for a short time. Coverage Amount: The coverage amount selected by an individual plays the deciding factor. The greater the coverage provided by the policy, the larger will be the premium. When calculating the premium of a mediclaim insurance policy, various things should be kept in mind like features and benefits that you want from your policy, the duration of the policy, etc. If an individual is financially stable, he should opt for a long-term policy. Hopefully, all the points given above will give you a better understanding of the mediclaim premium calculator. You can easily use it to make an informed decision.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/18455/covid19-crisis-how-can-you-plan-health-wealth-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/18455/covid19-crisis-how-can-you-plan-health-wealth-.html Mon, 19 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0530 In the current pace of life we live with, our financial strength does count for almost everything. A significant proportion of our activities is directed towards meeting financial needs and support the life of those who depend on us. This is exactly where the best saving plans play a critical role.   Many of us think that having a secure job that brings in a certain amount every month is enough for a good life. But it is not entirely true, and you would agree on that amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic. Layoffs, pay cuts, and losses to businesses during the lockdown phase have made us realize the importance of a guaranteed income.    While market-linked investments or small savings may not guarantee a specific income, it is possible with the best saving plans. If the pandemic period has made you worry about losing an income, it’s time to start saving money for uncertain times with the best savings plan.   Let’s start with the basics of guaranteed income plans and how they work.   What are Savings Plans for Guaranteed Income?   A guaranteed income savings plan is a unique type of life insurance plan that provides both life cover and guaranteed earnings in the form of monthly income. The terms of the best saving plans, including the payout period and life insurance coverage, may differ from one another. You can consider them as life insurance saving plans that encourage disciplined savings and provide guaranteed returns.    When you invest in the best saving plan, you get multi-fold benefits, including financial protection for the family, guaranteed payouts, and tax-savings. They are best suited for all individuals, especially those with low-risk appetite. Depending on your eligibility for a specific savings plan, you can start saving money for long-term needs.   How Do Guaranteed Income Plans Work? When the worst pandemic hit the world, he was worried about managing his finances while facing pay cuts and risk to job security. In such a situation, his decision to choose the best saving plan earlier helped him a lot. He started receiving a guaranteed income per month as chosen while buying the plan, which provided him the much-needed financial support.    In case Mr. Dubey did not survive the plan tenure, the nominee would have received a death benefit immediately on claim approval.    Common Features of the Best Saving Plans     Easy to Understand for Young Investors     The basic definition of savings is to keep a certain aside regularly for rainy days. However, when you choose the best saving plan for such savings, you get several rewards in the long run. Unlike many complex investment products, savings plans are easy to understand –    You pay a certain amount every month or year as the saving plan premium and will get guaranteed returns in the form of a secondary income. Alongside this, you get life insurance coverage during the policy tenure.    Based on the minimum age criterion related to the best saving plan, you can personalise the savings as per your financial profile. In most cases, this minimum age is around 25 years. If you are in your 20s and have started earning a substantial salary, now is the right time to choose a savings plan.     Availability of Riders to Strengthen the Plan Further     Being a type of life insurance, the best saving plans also come with the facility to add riders to the base plan. These riders or add-ons are meant to make the plan more comprehensive in terms of its benefits.    Take the case of Max Life Guaranteed Income Plan – one of the best saving plans in India, which provides guaranteed income for ten years. When you buy this plan, you can include Max Life Critical Illness and Disability rider to get coverage for up to 64 critical illnesses and total and permanent disability.   Financial Planning for the Tough Times   Only having a six-figure income does not imply a bright future. To live a life free from financial stress, you need to make smart financial planning decisions. Saving money under the best saving plan is just one aspect of financial planning. It is about making a comprehensive plan for all your short-term and long-term goals with the right investment instruments. Hence, it is important that you gather useful information about various instruments that can help accomplish your goals.   For instance, if you want both life cover and returns from your investment, research what is ULIP and how you should invest in it. Keep in mind that having adequate knowledge about the right way to invest money is highly advantageous.    To understand the functioning of the best saving plan, consider the following illustration:   Mr. Dubey, a 30-year-old salaried individual, chose the best savings plan with a policy period of 10 years in 2009. He decided to save Rs.1,00,000 per year to plan for a guaranteed income source later. The ten-year period ended in March 2019, and he expected to start receiving guaranteed payouts from March 2020.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/18160/heres-how-you-can-select-the-best-medical-billing-software.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/18160/heres-how-you-can-select-the-best-medical-billing-software.html Tue, 23 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0530 Technology has revolutionized numerous sectors across the globe, and healthcare is no different. Harnessing the true potential of technological advancements, the healthcare sector has seen elevated levels of success and care being rendered. It has also allowed for automation across various facets, pushing healthcare professionals to put their time and energy into aspects that demand expert attention. These technological advancements have also helped healthcare providers to digitize the entire chain of processing medical bills. Healthcare providers across the world have started using the best medical billing software(s) to process confidential and privileged information of invoices across vendors, employees, consultants, and patients. This medical billing solution has reduced the burden on staff, making it less time-consuming, less cumbersome, and ensuring no costly errors take place. Thanks to this shift to using the best medical billing software, healthcare practices across the world have been efficiently able to manage numerous claims at once that were earlier deemed impossible to process. But what is medical billing software? Medical billing software can be defined as a computer application that facilitates the automation of the entire billing process. Healthcare practices and hospitals often use the best medical billing software as it significantly optimizes their revenue, improves their reimbursement rates, and helps in sustaining the financial health of the business/practice. What are the benefits of medical billing software? It is not surprising to know that the healthcare industry processes colossal volumes of claims every single day to maintain their revenue streams and flows. This also helps practices operate at requisite volumes and helps them in having a seamless operation across different financial departments. While processing of claims is one of the most significant benefits of all the best medical billing software(s), they bring a multitude of advantages to a practice. This includes the likes of: Reducing office expenses Practices that have integrated one of the best medical billing software(s) can reduce the amount of strain and energy that is focused on their accounting departments. It helps in constricting the practice from investing in additional employees. Data analysis By having the best medical billing software, practices can look at real-time billing data to analyze revenue trends. This helps practices in focusing on certain facets that offer a better return on investment in comparison with other streams. Moreover, these software solutions facilitate the access of this data from almost anywhere. Eliminating errors One of the biggest disadvantages of having traditional billing methodology is the likelihood of errors. The probability of errors increases proportionally with the amount of billing material that needs to be processed. All the best medical billing software(s) in the market eliminate these errors by bringing together a practice’s administrative, clinical, and financial functions together to be processed and reviewed. This helps practices in analyzing revenue data and in optimizing revenue streams to ensure there is no audit risk whatsoever. What are some of the features of medical billing software? All the best medical billing software(s) offer convenience to practices, by streamlining their operations holistically. It helps physicians in getting relevant information in seconds, instead of them searching through a pile of records. It also helps patients and practices in claims processing by avoiding any denials that could’ve been caused due to incorrectly filling out the forms. While the advantages are innumerable, let us look at some of the features that all the best medical billing software(s) have: Eligibility verification One of the first and most pivotal steps for processing claims, medical billing software solutions must first verify the eligibility of a patient and their insurance credentials. This helps the practice and the patient in being on the same page when it comes to having the bills processed. Appointment scheduling All the best medical billing software(s) now come with the required scheduling features to ensure seamless appointments and consultations. Financial management While the name suggests that the software takes care of all the billing processes, the best medical billing software also manages the accounts and finances of the practice. A software can help practices with timesheets, payroll, outstanding payments, credit card processing, revenue cycle automation among other facets. Security and encryption All healthcare practices are bound to comply with HIPAA regulations. In order to comply with these regulations, medical billing software(s) must have the best security features. Moreover, these software(s) deal with massive amounts of sensitive information, putting the onus on practices to ensure its storage and transmission is secure on every front. How to choose the perfect medical billing software vendor? Choosing a vendor who can offer the best medical billing software is always meant to be an onerous task. To make this process of selection easier, here are things a few aspects healthcare practices must look for while choosing the perfect medical billing software vendor: Look beyond the price There is no simple way to say this – the best medical billing software solutions don’t come cheap. Healthcare practices must realize the sensitivity of the information that is being processed and the plausible advantages a software can bring in, and associate the price being quoted with these facets. Healthcare institutions must ask the vendors of the number of personnel that would be working on a single account, the years of experience they have in solving different issues, the policies they have in place to make the transition as seamless as possible among other things. Understand all the technological facets Healthcare practices must apprise themselves with all the relevant information and data before making a sound decision. This includes understanding the technological facets of a software too. When practices understand the technicalities, they can look for tailor-made solutions that cater to them. This can also help practices in having the required plugins and add-ons to make their experience much better. Don’t compromise on transparency Medical billing software(s) handle financial data of institutions, and not having a transparent and trustworthy partner could be detrimental to the entire process. Practices must read numerous reviews, have conversations with other practices that employ the services of a vendor to see how transparent they are. Only when healthcare practices have a transparent relationship with the medical billing software vendor, will the synergy yield good results. Conclusion With a customizable and trustworthy partner, healthcare practices can realize the advantages and potential of some of the best medical billing software(s) in the market. They bring in enhanced patient experience, smarter decision-making abilities, and features that ease the lives of clinical, administrative, and financial staff. A decision that is bound to have a proportional ripple effect on the efficiency and profitability of the institution/practice.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17992/depression-will-be-the-biggest-non-covid-19-issue-as-a-result-of-the-pandemic.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17992/depression-will-be-the-biggest-non-covid-19-issue-as-a-result-of-the-pandemic.html Tue, 26 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0530 One year after the first COVID-19 case in the U.S., Sermo surveyed physicians around the world as part of its COVID-19 Real Time Barometer, revealing that 86% of doctors around the world believe that mental health issues and depression will be the biggest non-COVID-19 public health issue after the pandemic. Other areas of concern for the coming year are an increase in violence (34%), increase in spousal or child abuse (27%), increase in suicides (26%) and an increase in opioid abuse (21%). The effects of COVID-19Fielded Jan. 8, 2021-Jan. 13, 2021, Study 16 of Sermo’s COVID-19 Real Time Barometer included insights from 3,334 physicians across 24 countries. The study also revealed that the majority of physicians (53%) believe the long-term side effects of COVID-19 will be the biggest COVID-related public health issue over the next year. In addition, almost two out of three do not believe or are unsure whether the U.S. and the world will be able to return to normal after the vaccine is rolled out. The survey also revealed that 63% believe the general public will need an annual vaccine to protect against COVID, while 64% said they are very concerned/concerned that a new COVID virus is on the horizon. Of those who participated in the survey, 53% believe the next pandemic will arrive in 5 or more years. What have we learned after one year of COVID-19?Study 16 also asked physicians about the biggest lessons learned during the first year of the pandemic, revealing unified beliefs about: Preparedness -- We needed to be more unified and better coordinate federal and global response to the pandemic Health System Fragility -- Worldwide, healthcare is seen as an area for cost cutting rather than investment, which has resulted in it being easily susceptible to a health crisis Public Education -- We must focus more on educating about the importance of hygiene, prevention and vaccines without devolving into political turmoil “I have learned resilience,” said Dr. Christopher Michos, emergency medicine physician in Bridgeport, Conn. “I have witnessed from my colleagues, our nurses, our techs and the truly unsung heroes, the maintenance and cleaning staff of my hospital. Every day, without a second thought, we are out there. It is war and we are the soldiers trying to save our patients, not knowing as we enter the battlefield, if the next exposure will be the bullet that will kill us.” What do we still have to learn after one year of COVID-19?Physicians surveyed are also concerned about the lessons still to learn about the pandemic, including where the virus originated, how it is transmitted, why certain groups are more at risk of severe infection, what the long-term effects of the virus could be, as well as how long the vaccine will last. Additional findings from Study 16 include: 73% are very concerned/concerned that COVID-19 variants will spread in their region 48% are concerned that pulmonary compromise will be a significant COVID-19-related public health issue in the coming year; 27% are concerned about blood clots and other cardiovascular issues, and 22% are concerned about the neurological side effects and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C, MIS-A) 78% are concerned about the long-term impact to the world economy; 50% believe the long-term impact to the healthcare system will be among the largest hidden consequences of the pandemic “The biggest lesson from the pandemic is to help each other,” said Dr. Lisa Nassif, a pediatric neurologist in Houston, Texas. “I just opened my private practice during the start of the pandemic. I wasn’t able to buy PPE because of the shortage. I had colleagues give me masks and face shields. Once I obtained PPE, I shared what I obtained, as well. Without coming together, we wouldn’t make it through this awful time.”   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17950/impact-of-sensitive-and-reliable-kits-for-covid-19-testing-at-a-scale-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17950/impact-of-sensitive-and-reliable-kits-for-covid-19-testing-at-a-scale-.html Mon, 18 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0530 In May 2020, 15 of the 25 samples tested by Government Villupuram Medical College, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, turned negative in the confirmatory test. It came hours after the lab technicians had confirmed that the screening tests were positive. Another incident in November 2020- Telugu superstar, Chiranjeevi, announced on Twitter, that he had tested positive earlier due to a faulty kit.    In the case of the Government Villupuram , experts said it could be a problem based on multiple reasons: insufficient sample, technical issues with the kits or inexperienced staff running the test. A significant aspect of SARS-CoV-2 is that it can be transmitted while a host is asymptomatic. Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated that pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission of virus has driven the current epidemic.  In such setting, the best test is not necessarily one that determines whether a person has any evidence of SARS-CoV-2, but one that quickly and accurately identifies individuals who are capable of transmitting the infection to others.   The different types of testing: Currently, there are three major types of testing.    Rapid Antigen Testing: This looks for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the body by testing the fragments of proteins that are found within the virus. It can be analyzed at the point-of-care in a process that can take as little as 15 minutes. However, the trade-off for the speed and convenience of an antigen COVID-19 test is its specificity and reliability   RT-PCR tests: The RT-PCR tests are considered the gold standard for COVID-19 testing as it provides a more definitive result because of its high level of specificity and sensitivity Here samples are tested for genetic material of the virus.   Serological Assay: For ramping of tests, apart from molecular test, quantitative measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies raised against the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus will provide a better understanding of a person’s immune response after being exposed to the Covid-19 virus.    The impact of false negatives and false positives False negatives can lead to disastrous consequences. It can not only endanger the life of the person who has been deemed virus free, but also possibly set off a cascading chain of infections.  In many cases, infected people are asymptomatic and hence are not isolated. They can subsequently rapidly infect others. Similarly, a false positive can erroneously lead to unnecessary quarantine and contact tracing exercises, as well as significant stress for the concerned individual and family.  Today a major point of concern for most healthcare bodies is the availability of reliable and consistent tests in the country. In October 2020, Maharashtra’s health minister, Rajesh Tope, pointed out that the state had 12.5 lakh faulty RT-PCR test kits in circulation. Purchased from a private company, the test kits were found to have a lower positivity rate.  In September 2020, the Delhi High Court has also suggested to the Delhi Government to use of reliable testing strategies to control the outbreak. As the COIVID pandemic required companies to manufacture and scale their capacities, approvals were fast-tracked to enable a quick response. These incidents clearly highlight the need for a strict follow-up on the quality and reliability of the test-kits  Importance of review assessment for test accuracy and clinical researchers    Given the varied experience of healthcare staff handling samples, it is critical to establish standard guidelines. First, tests must be sensitive and validated under realistic conditions. Regulators must also ensure that manufacturers must provide details of the clinical sensitivity of the tests and the specificity at the time of market authorization.  For people who have tested negative, it is important to again test the probability of infection using another method that will either confirm or deny the result.  Test kits must hence be subject to rigorous quality checks and must be ISO certified. It is also important to leverage emerging techniques such as mass spectrometry that can detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus accurately.    Features to look for in reliable test kits Some of the key capabilities and features that should be looked for from manufacturers of reliable test kits include:   Must be highly sensitive to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus Ability to detect the presence of the virus at very low levels when used by a qualified lab according the strict requirements of the most current regulatory approvals  Must have the capability to produce more than huge number of tests per week to meet the rising demand  The test kits must be updated with the new techniques, depending on market and research developments Must include detailed instructions for use, with continuous and ongoing software support for updates. Large distribution to enable faster deliveries and training support to handle samples and operate instruments.  Testing as part of a coordinated strategy   Even as efforts continue to address public health testing challenges, health systems and government must place a greater emphasis on quality tests than procuring test kits because they are low cost and unreliable. In addition, acceleration of new and innovative assays that can screen asymptomatic patients and provide access to affordable surveillance testing that are easy-to-implement, deliver trusted quality and reliability would play a pivotal role in preventing further spread and in management of infectious diseases.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17665/2020-has-been-a-challenging-year-in-terms-of-global-health-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17665/2020-has-been-a-challenging-year-in-terms-of-global-health-.html Thu, 26 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0530 As countries continue to reel from the current COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing striking disparities in terms of infection and death rates between certain regions. This once again highlights the fact that levels of healthcare will ultimately impact our quality of life long after the pandemic subsides. In some ways, this subject has been touched upon to an extent in the past.The team at Lucky Nugget online casino took the time to collate a list of the "luckiest countries" to live in. Metrics included cost of living, access to nature, culture, and population. Still, taking access to healthcare into account is a factor which cannot be overstated. What are some of the most profound medical benefits associated with living in first-world countries? Let us take a closer look at why some nations appear to be light-years ahead of others.   Knowledge is PowerOne primary difference is the simple fact that the populations of wealthy nations can generally enjoy nearly universal Internet access. Thus, they have the ability to research the symptoms associated with a specific ailment in order to determine whether a professional diagnosis is required. This type of proactive stance can help to prevent small issues from evolving into major health crises. A Greater Per Capita IncomeIt is no secret that some medications and treatments can cost significant amounts of money (even for those who may already have a health insurance policy in place). Citizens with a higher per capita income can therefore afford such treatments without placing an unnecessary amount of strain upon their bank accounts. The same cannot be said for nations known for underdeveloped healthcare systems and where medical costs are extremely high due to sheer demand. More Trained Medical ProfessionalsMany younger medical professionals are flocking to developed nations such as the United Kingdom and the United States. This partially arises from the simple fact that there tends to be more room for advancement. Also, working within such environments provides the opportunity to obtain hands-on clinical knowledge. So, living within a developed country will provide patients with more access to vital treatments when they are needed. Dietary ConsiderationsThose living within developed countries enjoy a richer and more diverse diet. Of course, this can be taken to an extreme (such as when considering the obesity epidemic in the United States). It is still a fact that access to healthy foods is normally not an issue. Other concerns such as quality control are likewise kept in check due to stringent regulatory guidelines. Citizens are therefore much more likely to receive vital nutrients that are required on a daily basis.It nonetheless needs to be highlighted that even the most advanced nations on the planet still have issues with their existing healthcare protocols. It is hoped that poorer communities will be provided with the means to advance their current infrastructures so that they can better care for their citizens in the future. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17628/unsure-about-survival-benefits-of-term-plan-know-this.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17628/unsure-about-survival-benefits-of-term-plan-know-this.html Thu, 19 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0530 At times like Covid-19 and other uneven contingencies, having an excellent financial backup can help your family stay calm and economically secured. That's where the role of term insurance comes to play. However, not many people know about the term plan with return of premium option, which comes with survival benefits.   Let us discuss that in detail.   What is Term Plan With Return On Premium?   A significant share of the population still doesn't have an insurance cover. Complex plans and high premiums are the primary reasons for investors stepping back to insure their life. If you are one among those not-insured customers, then term insurance is for you.    Term plan with return on premium is a simple and affordable form of life insurance. Under thiskind of life insurance policy, the insurer paysthe premiums received back to the policyholder. What makes a term plan with return on premium different from other standard insurance plans is that it offers the benefit of return on premium as a survival benefit on surviving the policy tenure.    Term plan with Return of Premium Vs. Pure term insurance plan Term plan with return on premium (TROP) Pure term insurance plan Term plan with return on premium is a variant of term insurance. Pure life insurance is the simplest form of life insurance plan. Here, the insurance coverage includes death benefits along with return of premium as survival benefits.  The insurance coverage in a pure term plan is offered only as a death benefit.  TROP offers a lower sum assured amount to the policyholder. The sum assured amount offered is comparatively higher. The premium rate of a term plan is available at affordable rates.  The premium charged is considerably lower.  Term plan with return on premium is best suited for people who don't mind gaining some returns and insurance coverage. A term plan is best suited for a policyholder who wants financial protection for their family.  Term insurance with return on premium provides tax exemptions under the Income Tax Act, Section 80C. A term plan also offers tax benefits under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act 1961. What Are The Benefits Of A Term Plan With Return Of Premium?   What setsa term plan with return of premium apart from other insurance products is its survival benefits. The following are the benefits offered by a term plan with return of premium:     Maturity benefits for the insured    Death benefits Tax benefits Future planning    Maturity benefits/ survival benefits for the insured   Unlike traditional insurance plans, a term plan with a premium return provides maturity or survival benefits if the policyholder survives until the end of the policy term.    Death benefits   Apart from the survival benefits, a term plan with return of premium provides death benefits to the policyholder's familylike a pureterm insurance plan. The designated nominee is entitled to receive the lumpsum amount as death benefits if the insured dies untimely.    Tax benefits The benefits of term insurance with return of premium are not just confined to survival and death benefits. The policyholder can also get tax benefits for the premium payable as per Section 80C, Income Tax Act 1961.   Future planning    A TROP (term plan with return of premium) provides financial security to people of all agegroups.  If you are single and unmarried, you can use a TROP to secure your parent's needs in the future. Even if you survive, you can consider this investment as a financial cushion in the long run.  If you are a married policyholder but have no kids, then buying a term plan with a return of premium can help your spouse with financial backup in your absence.  If you are married and have kids, then a term plan with a premium returnsecures the future financial planning and takes care of any liabilities that need to be paid off in an emergency.    Considering all these benefits, it is worth investing in a term plan with a premium returnas one of the best investment options. When buying a term plan with return on premium, make sure to buy it online for a hassle-free experience. It alsohelps lower the cost involved in premium payment and allows youto compare various insurance companies' different premium plans easily. After all, you don't want to invest in an insurance plan that doesn't provide benefits.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/17640/tips-for-buying-steroids-online-safely.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/17640/tips-for-buying-steroids-online-safely.html Sun, 15 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0530 The problem with this is that unscrupulous suppliers are also selling substandard substances to unsuspecting buyers. You could easily end up buying the wrong product. And this could affect your body negatively. But you no longer have to buy steroids in a physical store. Technology has made it easy to order them online. The best part is that they are delivered to your doorstep. Challenges with buying steroids online One in every ten Americans is scammed online every year. For example, some people pay for products online but they never get delivered. If you are not careful when buying steroids online, you will either buy a fake product or lose money to scammers. To avoid this, read the tips we have provided below. Always use legitimate and real pharmacies When you go online to buy anabolic steroids, you need to confirm that they exist and are legitimate. How can you do this? Read reviews. If you read online reviews, you can tell if the suppliers are genuine and whether they are supplying quality steroids. If you come across a lot of negative reviews, do not order from that online seller. You can also increase your chances of buying steroids online safely by checking out independent sites that review steroid vendors to see what they have to say about the vendor you want to buy from. Use websites that have been operational for a long time Scammers are always creating new websites and abandoning them as soon as they make their money. As you embark on buying steroids online, safety is of the essence. A website that has been operational for the last three years is always a good sign of legitimacy. It means that they have been serving happy customers for a long time and have a solid reputation. Buy from such websites and your chances of ending up with the wrong product are slim. Customer support Readily available customer support is another aspect that you should consider. If you can engage, contact customer support and enquire about their delivery terms and so on. If the customer support agents are not only helpful but also respond promptly, you are on the right track. It shows that the business values its customers and is concerned about your welfare. Online pharmacies with such dedication are always legitimate. Avoid suppliers with minimum order requirements Unfortunately, some suppliers force you to buy more than enough steroids because you are probably not to be satisfied. Such pharmacies have a minimum order requirement. This means that unless you order a certain quantity of the product, they are not willing to sell. Do not buy steroids from any online supplier with such terms. Ensure that you are getting an authentic and licensed steroid Most steroids are not legal. The FDA has not approved any of these products. But this doesn’t mean that you cannot get an authentic steroid. Ensure that whatever steroid you buy is popular among users and it works. Buying steroids has now been made convenient. With a fitness store selling these substances online, you no longer need to walk into a pharmacy to buy. With the tips we have listed above, you can now buy steroids online safely.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/17641/the-research-on-cbd-for-sleep.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/17641/the-research-on-cbd-for-sleep.html Sun, 15 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0530 The hemp plant is undoubtedly the major source of CBD, a compound that has received a lot of attention over recent years. According to research, CBD from hemp is majorly used for wellness benefits with managing insomnia being one of them. When trying to understand CBD for sleep, you have to understand what insomnia is first. This is a condition where people find it difficult to sleep since they are affected by conditions such as anxiety, stress, depression, effects of medication, pain, or chronic illnesses. Well, CBD for sleep can aid in managing the underlying causes of insomnia and promoting better sleep. Whether you are directly affected or not, it is worth taking notes of the best insights that are invaluable to you. The Research on CBD For Sleep Research recognizes that poor sleeping habits are associated with numerous things like what we have mentioned above. Additionally, the use of alcohol, caffeine, and some foods can also be a factor. When it comes to the use of CBD for sleep, the goal is to manage the external conditions and promote high-quality sleep in the long run. Researchers advise on using high-quality CBD products from reliable sellers for better results. With numerous sellers on the web, it is worth taking time to understand those you have narrowed it down to. They must be among the best in your region and the final one must assure the best CBD for sleep. Taking CBD For Sleep You can take a variety of CBD for sleep products depending on what you prefer. Hemp CBD is sold in different forms and they all work perfectly.       CBD oil - For a long time, this has been the most common form that CBD comes in. It is sold in dropper bottles and you can take it sublingually, mix it with food, or even add it to skincare products.       CBD concentrate - This is also very popular and the strongest. It is used to manage chronic pain and chronic illnesses, which in return promotes healthy sleep.       CBD gummies - If you are stressed or anxious, you can chew CBD gummies to fight insomnia.       CBD vape juice - Vaping CBD for sleep is a great way to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and promote better sleeping patterns. Buying CBD For Sleep As the cannabis industry is growing, numerous brands are coming up. This can be overwhelming to buyers, especially if they are not sure of what is good for them. But it can be easy if you already know which product works well for you. You can decide to buy online or from a health shop near you. Always consider checking the percentage of CBD in relation to other ingredients and also the type of hemp flower strains that have been used. Consider products that are customized for insomnia since they are the best. Conclusion If you take the right CBD for sleep, you will enjoy the results immediately and in the long run. It will manage all the underlying causes in the best way and make sure that you have a sound sleep every day.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17435/choosing-a-cloud-based-ehr-software-solution-for-medical-practice.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17435/choosing-a-cloud-based-ehr-software-solution-for-medical-practice.html Thu, 22 Oct 2020 00:00:00 +0530 What is an EHR Software? In the simplest terms, EHR software provides the digital papers of a patient’s medical details. EHR is the abbreviation for Electronic Health Records, which in itself is self-explanatory. The main aim of the best electronic health records software is to provide professionals with the treatment and medical histories of the patients. Apart from this it also provides a broader view of the patients care necessities. EHRs will bring about a positive change by creating a standardized format that all healthcare providers will begin using. This will make it easy to share patient records and discuss further care options. What is a cloud-based EHR Software? Generally, EHRs are stored on a server (local, in a clinic or external, on the cloud) which makes it possible for authorized doctors and clinical staff to access these files. A cloud-based EHR software can be identified as all data is available to any device that can be connected to the Internet as it is stored on an external server. The data mining capabilities of the software allows admins to keep a tab on the work process to convert weaknesses into strengths. The best EHR software will enable the identification of potential drug interactions, behavior patterns, health risks, etc. by examining a patient’s data. This entire process becomes manageable with a cloud-based EHR software, where the technicalities are handled by the SaaS (Software as a Service) providers. Along with this, a top EHR software will ensure that the patient files are kept safe, and there is no HIPPA violation. Healthcare professionals only have to concentrate on their job as doctors and clinical staff.  Now that there is a clear understanding of the EHR software, let’s talk about its benefits. What are the benefits of using a cloud-based EHR Software? The tradition has been to have in-house servers storing patient data. Recently, several practices have become aware of the benefits of using the best EHR software. This has led to a number of practices making the shift. Let’s take a look at the benefits of having a cloud-based EHR software: Reduced Requirements of IT Resources With an in-house system, it becomes essential to have a team of IT professionals looking after the system. On the other hand, when all data is moved to the cloud, every aspect is handled by the SaaS provider. Updates become automated and there’s always an up-to-date version available. Simple Implementation Since cloud-based EHR software is web-based, it does not require any hardware or software installation, cash flow is never interrupted. There’s a boost in return on investment as well. Easily Scalable Even small healthcare clinics have the freedom to grow by simplifying the process of adding new doctors, patients, and locations to the system by using a top EHR software. Greater Collaborations and Accessibility Cloud-based EHR software allows its users to log in securely from any location with a stable internet connection. In fact, it also allows professionals to log in from a remote location and keep in touch with their patients. Cost-Effective Small clinics need to worry about EHR installation when it is client-server based. But with a cloud-based EHR software, there’s only a monthly fee that needs to be taken care of.  EHR features and their importance Considering the number of benefits that come with EHR, it is obvious that there is a certain importance that it holds. Let’s take a look at how important it is to invest in the best electronic health records software:         Scheduling appointments and editing them is easy.         Workflow is more streamlined and productivity can be increased.         Medical errors can be easily avoided with the help of inbuilt drug libraries and intuitive support tools         Updating code-sets, fixing security patches, and renewing encryption certificates is done by service providers.         A cloud-based EHR software will keep the patient information secure and can only be accessed by people who have been given the authorization.         Order sets can be created i.e. a template that will simplify the process of filling a patient’s medical file.         Prescriptions can be filled quickly and sent to patients and professionals in the same loop. Read more about cloud-based EHR software here. How to choose a perfect Cloud-Based EHR Software vendor (Questions to ask) On one side, EHR software is making things easy for the healthcare industry. On the other hand, choosing the right EHR software is a tough choice. There are various options available in the market. But there are a couple of questions you should ask yourself and your vendor before making the purchase. The first thing you want to do is clear your goals, research, and then reach out to cloud-based EHR software vendors to ask some of the following questions: Where is the data stored? What are the fees? Are there any hidden fees? Who owns the data that is collected? What happens in case of a disagreement? Are you HIPPA compliant? Is your customer service available 24/7? Is there a demo available? Is training provided? For how many hours? Conclusion The top EHR software companies should offer you the best services possible. But in the pool of 100s of EHR service providers, it may be tough to pick out the right ones. Without a hint of bias, we bring to you the top 10 cloud-based EHR software choices that shed light on every aspect of the companies. The features, the pros, and the cons. Check out our top 10 picks for the best cloud-based EHR software here ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17240/comparison-of-online-and-desktop-forex-platforms-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17240/comparison-of-online-and-desktop-forex-platforms-.html Mon, 21 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Choosing Forex Software: Online vs. Desktop Today, Forex is popular in many countries. Over 15 million users take part in online trading, and this army is rapidly growing. In India, currency exchange is easy to access. Global brokerages provide education, support, and tools. But which terminals are best? When it comes to trading platforms, there are two options. You may use a web-based solution, or install software on your device. Traders are advised to choose depending on their needs and style. Here are the key points to consider. How Flexible Is the System? With an online platform, you can access your account from any device. It does not matter where you are. However, downloadable platforms now come in desktop and mobile versions. Thus, you can install the terminal on your laptop and an app on your smartphone.  Systems like MetaTrader 5 allow cross-platform functionality. This means that a position may be opened from the PC and closed via the phone, or vice versa. Still, if you switch devices often, you have to install the terminal on each.  Is It Fast and Responsive? Recently, Internet speeds have been accelerating around the world. However, it is still true that software on your machine reacts more quickly. It is not dependent on the connection.  The performance of web terminals, however, relies on the capacity of the broker’s servers. If these are weak, the connection will be slower. Even the speediest Internet will not prevent hindrances.  Of course, the difference is measured in seconds rather than minutes. However, for a Forex trade, even the slightest delay can be disruptive. Thus, to ensure the quickest response, opt for downloadable terminals.  Are Updates Automatic? An online platform is updated automatically. Users know they have the latest version at all times. Traders who prefer downloadable software may need to check for updates regularly. Of course, manual updates are not a big deal, but they may be a distraction. If the system does not notify you in time, you risk trading on an outdated system. It is easy to forget about this.  How Much Does It Cost? Prices for online platforms may vary. Sometimes, you need to make a one-time payment. In other cases, your card is charged monthly. While this is rarely the case, you will still be using a system that does not belong to you. Therefore, a terminal which runs on your machine gives you peace of mind. After all, a web-based environment makes you dependent on the provider. Many traders prefer platforms that can be legally owned by them. Here, downloadable products win hands down.  Moreover, popular systems for trading online in India are free. For instance, the top platform MetaTrader 4 is provided by FXTM free of charge. It can be downloaded from brokerage sites and app stores for both Android and iOS.  Is Backup Reliable? Today, users’ data is often stored in clouds. For instance, Gmail does not save your emails locally. Instead, they go into a cloud and are always accessed from there. The same applies to Google Docs (as opposed to Microsoft Word).  Cloud computing revolutionized data storage. Forex brokers have also adopted the technology. For traders, this translates into more reliable backup services. After all, any data stored on your machine may be lost due to a virus or system crash. On the other hand, an online environment exists independently of your devices. Thus, deletion is less likely.  How Secure Is It? Web-based terminals have an important drawback for security-conscious users. They store data in a cloud. It may be difficult to trust the Google environment or any other cloud-based service. Their concerns are not baseless.  Think about the various Google services we use today. We use them to create documents, communicate by email, save photos, and much more. Google may know more about us than our relatives do. Thus, in terms of privacy, downloadable software is the winner.  Do You Have Enough Resources? Installation is a five-minute process that is not bothersome by itself. However, a downloaded program takes up some of your device’s memory. Thus, if it is already clogged, you may find yourself struggling with glitches and crashes.  This is not a reason to reject such terminals. While they do put pressure on processors, this is an issue for older computers only. Moreover, if this is the case, your machine may not support web-based trading either. Begin by tidying up your memory. See if you can make room for the trading platform.  The Bottom Line Consider these seven points to make the right decision. There is no one-size-fits-all solution. It is up to every trader to decide. Everything depends on your trading needs and available resources.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/17198/cisco-ccna-200-301-certification-exam-great-way-to-establish-your-networking-career.html https://biospectrumindia.com/reports-white-papers/81/17198/cisco-ccna-200-301-certification-exam-great-way-to-establish-your-networking-career.html Mon, 14 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Cisco provides the individuals with an effective way to prove their proficiency in networking through getting the Cisco CCNA 200-301 Practice Test . But how exactly this certification enables you to build a successful networking career? Let’s find out about it more in this post. Key reasons why Cisco CCNA Certification is beneficial Cisco has evolved over the years to become a certification provider recognized all over the world. And here is some evidence that the CCNA badge can be a springboard for your employment or further career growth:   It Offers You a Great Networking Foundation.   The Author: PETER B is designed for the individuals who are just getting into the industry. By starting their networking journey at this point, they learn the basic skills that they will use throughout their career. These include network basics, network access, IP connectivity and services, fundamentals of security, and automation as well as programmability. To gain these skills, you’ll have to study and pass the August 12,2020 , which is the only one for this credential. Use exam dumps available on various sites to get acquainted with the structure of this test. This will help ensure that your preparation meets the standards needed to qualify for this associate-level certification.   It Sets You Apart from Other Applicants.   The CCNA badge helps you get the expertise that your potential employers and colleagues will surely notice. With this credential under your belt, you will be able to widen your network of contacts and attract the right people who can support you in your aspiration of getting a decent job. Moreover, having the Author: SAM C added to your resume increases your chances of being chosen over others applicants with whom you will compete during job interviews.   It Improves Your Earning Potential.   If you got a job before obtaining a certification, getting Cisco CCNA will give you an opportunity to negotiate a pay increase. Nowadays, the employers appreciate the members of their team that have validated their skills with the help of credentials. Pursuing the badge demonstrates their commitment to take responsibility and be persistent in achieving the intended objectives. Your future boss will surely reward you for your continuous efforts in improving your expertise. An average salary of the Author: ZAC D amounts to $78,284 as suggested by PayScale. Such a generous wage will encourage you to continue working hard and obtaining more advanced certifications. This will enhance your stature as an expert in networking even more! Conclusion To become an in-demand professional in the job market, you need to demonstrate that you have the background demanded by the employers. Cisco CCNA is the best way to open up new employment opportunities and fill the gap that exists today in the job market. More professionals with networking skills are required to help businesses grow and strengthen their positions in the market. By looking at what we’ve covered today, you can be confident that by earning the Author: COLE E you have every reason to launch an exciting career in networking! ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17192/sturgis-rally-turns-into-reported-coronavirus-superspreader-event.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17192/sturgis-rally-turns-into-reported-coronavirus-superspreader-event.html Fri, 11 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0530 What is a Superspreader Event? Medical and pandemic-related terms continue to pop up in the media. The average reader or viewer may know what the terms refer but might not possess a full understanding. The term "superspreader" continues to appear in the news. However, the word does seem a little ambiguous. What constitutes a superspreader event? Does the spread need to be as significant as the one in Sturgis? The term superspreader refers to an individual who spreads the virus to a significant number of others. The critical point here is "individual." One person could spread the virus to many people, and those persons may spread the virus to many more. It only takes one person to spread the virus to several other people. The assumption that a significant number of people become necessary to spread the virus to a larger number of people would not be correct.   No one will likely know the number of infected people who attended the Sturgis rally. With 400,000 people in attendance, the odds are many attendees were COVID-19 positives. 1% of 400,000 would be 4,000 people.   What makes the Sturgis rally worse than many other superspreader events is the national nature of the gathering. Thousands of motorcyclists traveled from around the country to attend the rally and then return home. Someone infected at the rally would possibly transmit the virus to others on the return journey or the return destination. Playing casino games such as Teen Patti might be preferable to some, while others choose to take risks outside the home. Human nature is what it is.   The situation remains dire in the United States and around the world. In the U.S., the coronavirus death toll now hovers in the 180,000 range. The figure will increase dramatically before a vaccine is developed and distributed.   Vaccine Development and Controversies Hope exists for a vaccine's fast development, but various clinical trials become necessary before a manufacturer may release one. The trials do more than explore a drug's effectiveness. The tests also examine safety. A drug might effectively vaccinate people, but there could be health risks that far outweigh the benefits. The trials also investigate how much of a drug is safe to use and when it may become toxic. Acetaminophen, for example, is a common over the counter product. Used at unsafe doses, it can cause liver failure. Manufacturing and distribution come with hurdles. It takes time to get the vaccines to the public, and then there are dosage amounts. A person may require two injections over one month. And it could take several weeks for the hypothetical vaccine to deliver the intended result.   In short, the creation of a successful vaccine precedes logistical issues. Persons expecting miracle results will likely feel disappointed.   Following Safety Steps Superspreader events, be they at Sturgis, college campuses, or anywhere else, represent health risks. Healthcare professionals continue to stress the basics: social distances, hygiene, facial masks, and the like. Those choosing to ignore the advice put themselves and others at risk. And an unfortunate number of people do seem to ignore the suggestions.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17133/future-of-telemedicine-and-telehealth-what-you-need-to-know.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/17133/future-of-telemedicine-and-telehealth-what-you-need-to-know.html Tue, 01 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0530 At a time like this, the world is waking up to realize the potential and power of online healthcare services. In the core of this realization for millions of people lies the advent and advancement of telemedicine software solutions and telehealth software solutions.  For eons, effective communication between doctors and patients was pivotal in building an effective relationship. But, at a time like the one we are living in right now, a telemedicine software facilitates effective communication between the two parties while helping the doctor gather relevant health and lifestyle information of the patient. This in turn is used by the doctors to disperse accurate counseling, diagnosis, and treatment like never before. McKinsey’s recent estimate suggests that healthcare spending could see a $250 billion shift towards virtual care models. While the use of telehealth software solutions has seen a steady rise, with more than 60% of the healthcare institutions providing virtual care in 2016 to 76% in 2017; the true growth will be seen now, in a during-pandemic and post-pandemic era.  Telehealth Software Solutions and Covid-19 The sudden surge of pandemic and the restrictions and limitations that came with it expedited the world into looking at more scalable and sustainable telehealth software solutions. While other streams across the healthcare industry including the likes of reimbursements are seeing a satisfactory development, the focus now lies on how telehealth software solutions are developed. Owing to this, various telemedicine and telehealth software solution providers have seen rapid investments to respond to growing demands.  But what are the developments that we’ll see in telehealth software solutions in the coming days and months? Let’s find out:    A true contact-free experience    As with any major occurrence in the world, social and societal practices change, either for the better or the worse. In the case of Covid-19, we can see a world that is afraid to touch anything that is exposed to the world. This exposure to various deadly bacteria and viruses is more prominent in hospitals and healthcare institutions, albeit them taking utmost care to maintain neatness and hygiene. To constrict any contact, we can see numerous technologically advanced checkpoints in hospitals too. Right from the registration process to examinations to diagnostic procedures, we can see a metamorphosis in the way medical services are executed.    Remote monitoring to be the norm   Another aspect that is gaining traction in the medical landscape that is bound to spearhead the change is how virtual visits become more frequent. With more people being comfortable in using their smart devices, virtual visits can help doctors in giving out the requisite diagnosis to the patient right from the comfort of their homes. With remote monitoring becoming more frequent, caregivers can now offer real-time treatment and communicate with their patients more effectively. This includes everything from post-discharge care instructions, health coaching, counseling, appointment reminders through text, SMS, mobile alerts, or IVR. Data mining tools have also come to aid in offering emergency response during dire situations. Automated communication tools and telehealth software solutions can also improve healthcare institutions by having targeted interventions, improving adherence to medication regimens, and significantly reducing no-shows for appointments.    Decentralized care to be the future   At a time when healthcare must be offered to every member of the society, telehealth software solutions are being developed away from the traditionally larger settings. This is being done to increase community-based offerings that are cost-effective as well. With healthcare institutions decentralizing their niche offerings, solutions are being offered through community extension services or through partnerships with emergency care centers. Decentralized offerings through telehealth and telemedicine software solutions also allow specialists to see different patients from around the world, offering them viable and effective care.  The future for technology-enabled healthcare models The pandemic has laid bare the necessity of a revolution in the healthcare landscape and telehealth software technologies were adept in bridging the gap. However, these technology-led services must be further tuned to make them user-friendly. In simple words, these technologies must emulate and replicate the in-person experience that always exhumed warmth and care.  There is also a pressing need for an ideal synergy between telehealth software solutions and EHR platforms. Numerous EHR platforms lack the requisite interpretability between different technological platforms, causing numerous roadblocks in adopting the same. This hurdle can be overcome by consolidating all the fragmented web portals into a single interface that uses existing tools for scheduling and communication, thereby offering a better experience.  The adoption of viable and sustainable telehealth software solutions should be acknowledged as a certainty. While the world may be accustomed to the traditional medical experience, it is noteworthy to mention that telehealth was never meant to replace the conventional experience. It rather offers operational efficiencies that can ensure better care for the patients by rightly identifying various high-impact touchpoints. With different patient populations having varied preferences when it comes it digital engagement due to their demographics or socio-economic factors, the onus is on telehealth software developers to design the appropriate experience for the patients while remembering to address every need of the caregiver. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16831/use-of-healthcare-technology-nowadays.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16831/use-of-healthcare-technology-nowadays.html Sat, 11 Jul 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Healthcare Technology Healthcare is definitely the industry has most benefited from technology. Innovation plays a major role in medical technology, and some disciplines like biotechnology and pharmacy improve people’s lives by making use of the latest technology. Technology has definitely made a big impact on medicine, starting from small innovations like adhesive bandages and ankle braces, ending with machines like MRI machines and artificial organs. Thanks to these brilliant innovations, medicine can move forward and find ways how to improve medical practices.  Medical equipment is a product of technological advancements, and robots performing medical operations are a wonder of the 21st century. Patients have their surgeries performed by robots while physicians are only monitoring the process and operate the robotic devices. The procedure itself is with minimal invasions and patients feel more secure in the room. Medical laboratories at full power are researching and exploring new ways to prevent, diagnose, and cure diseases.  Medical Researches Technology is a tool widely used in medical laboratories where physicians are testing vaccines and examining diseases so that adequate antibodies will be produced. Vaccines save more than 3 million lives in the world. It also saves lives in many different ways, and investment in medical technology is an investment that saves lives and helps people. People’s lives are in the hands of medical researches, and none of it would be possible without the use of technology. That’s why investments in medical research are always good investments.  They are beneficial both for medicine and for the community in general. The use of technology in medicine doesn’t stop here. The increasing use of mobiles and tablets is very beneficial for both physicians and patients, at least in regular communication. Electronic medical records are a great way to organize medical data in computers that are always available for review. When it comes to communication, distance video conferences connect physicians and patients, it’s time-efficient and saves money.  Physicians also have benefited from using technology, such as mobile phones in getting information in hand, gaining access to thousands of researches and studies, as well as collecting data about the history of records of their patients, and information is always with them by carrying their mobile phones. Some applications also help in detecting diagnoses and treating potential health threats, it becomes evident that medicine and technology are two inseparable parts and no one could have imagined the medicine that we have today without the use of technology in different disciplines of medicine.  Gaming Not to mention that mobile gaming has completely changed the idea of gaming sitting in front of the PC for hours playing your favorite video game. Online games were an instant hit in the online gaming world. They were well accepted by gamers from all around the world because they easily accessible on sites as Net Bet  Entertainment is not everything that online slots are about because when luck is on the player’s side, they can also win some cash prizes.  Sports betting is also revolutionized by digital technologies. Sports betting on sport.netbet.com has been so much improved to improve the user’s experience of fans. Mobile betting is one the rise thanks to mobile apps that everybody can download from the app store. It’s expected that 5G technology will take sports betting to a completely new level and it’s definitely the betting of the future. Mobile Gaming The gaming industry has an annual revenue worth more than $150 million. It’s noticeable that the huge growth of the video games industry is mostly thanks to the convenience of technological advancements that make gaming even more appealing to gamers around the world. Watching the first board game in Egypt in 1300 BC and today’s games with face recognition technology, virtual gaming, gesture control technology, it becomes obvious that gaming has gone a long way to become a huge success today. The games have put technology to their advantage, improving the visual presentation of the games as well as adding realistic elements in the gaming, such as including a live dealer who deals the cards just like playing poker in any land-based casino. Today, players can enjoy playing games on-the-go, playing with their friends and competing in tournaments, play games during office breaks, during the daily commute, while on the bus or the train. It’s expected that mobile tablets will completely overtake PC gaming in the near future. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16667/-things-to-know-about-cannabis-its-species-medical-application-and-drawbacks-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16667/-things-to-know-about-cannabis-its-species-medical-application-and-drawbacks-.html Mon, 15 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0530 “Cannabis” is the name given to the plant. It is a member of the flowering plant family: Cannabaceae. The Cannabaceae plants are commonly dioecious, which produces distinctly female and male plants, and are wind-pollinated.   There are three main types of Cannabis:   Cannabis Sativa is the most common species of cannabis and the one with most applications. Its plants grow to about six ft.tall and have a flowering stage from 10 up to 16 weeks.    Being the tallest variety of cannabis, Sativa creates the longest fibers, making it have a wide array of industrial uses. The Sativa strains give out a cerebral “high” experience, followed with food cravings, particularly sweet food or “munchies.” The Cannabis Sativa gives the effects of stimulation and mind-alterations to whoever consumes it. Sativas uplifts the mind and is often said to go well with exercise, socializing, and perhaps in instances when one needs to boost their creativity.   Cannabis Indica has a shorter and cone-like shape. Its plants grow from 2 to 4 feet with its flowering stage spanning from 8 to 12 weeks. Indicas tend to give off more body-centered effects compared to Sativas. Effects such as physical sensations of sedation, red eyes, and drying of the mouth. With these sedating effects, Indica strains are perfect for relaxing or can be used as a nightcap.   Cannabis Ruderalis is known to grow in Central Asia and Europe. Ruderalis has short and stalky plants that grow between 1 to 2 and a half feet. With having lower concentrations of THC from Indica and Sativa, Ruderalis has a more versatile trait of breeders that would like to utilize its autoflowering genes. These autoflowering genes are useful attributes to produce an autoflowering hybrid with a developed flavor and potency with its genetic partner.   Medical marijuana uses portions of the Cannabis sativa plant or chemicals within it to treat diseases or specific conditions. The Cannabis sativa plant contains cannabinoids or a hundred varieties of chemicals. Each compound is having a unique effect once ingested in the body. THC or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and CBD or cannabidiol are the two primary chemicals used in medical applications. The THC creates the “high” sensation the human body feels when smoking marijuana.   The great benefit of hybrid strains is that it can accommodate to each individual’s preference and medicinal needs. Learn the best types of hybrid strains here: Visit Weekend Gardener for more info.   In terms of application, medical marijuana can be applied and used through: smoking, consuming, along with your food or a beverage, form on the skin as a lotion or cream. Based on research, The cannabinoids from medical marijuana can reduce inflammation, reduce a patient’s anxiety, destroy cancer cells, control nausea through cancer chemotherapy, and stimulate appetite in people that have cancer and AIDS, among others.   Research shows cannabinoids can: Help reduce anxiety Relieve inflammation and pain Help alleviate nausea and vomiting  Destroy cancer cells and slow down tumor growth Relieve tight muscles Stimulate appetite and improve weight gain    To take medical marijuana, if advised by a professional, medical practitioner, one can: Smoke the cannabis Inhale through a vaporizer which turns the pot into a mist Mix it with a smoothie, a meal or a snack Apply as a lotion or cream to the skin  Put a small amount under the tongue     With the recreational and medicinal advantages of cannabis comes a variety of drawbacks as well. Despite the further advances in research, experts noted that marijuana has its adverse effects on one's physical well being. Here are some of the drawbacks of cannabis usage:   Disruption of Daily Eating habits The consumption of marijuana can cause you to change your dietary routine. Someone who is an avid user of cannabis has the possibility of mismanaging their diet, which can cause health issues.   Depression and Paranoia While there are no fatal overdose recorded on the use of cannabis, one cannot deny that it can alter one's healthy or stable state of mind.   Heart Problems If one has an issue or condition with their heart, their life may be at risk when taking cannabis. Studies show that users who take cannabis shall experience an increase with their heart rate, making them vulnerable to heart attacks within the first minutes of taking cannabis.   Addiction Though many people consider marijuana as harmless, studies show that a person can be addicted to the drug. And with reviews, the majority of those who are long term consumers of cannabis develop an alarming dependency on the drug. And, in turn, makes it extremely hard for them to give up smoking cannabis. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16632/mind-and-machine-two-sides-of-the-same-coin.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16632/mind-and-machine-two-sides-of-the-same-coin.html Tue, 09 Jun 2020 12:00:00 +0530 Ancient Greek philosophers had spent much of their time pondering about what truly makes one intelligent. But this concept was embraced in science and research only about half a century ago. Ever since its inception, neuroscience has strived to understand how the brain processes information, makes decisions, and interacts with the environment. But in the mid-20th century, arose a new school of thought – how can we emulate intelligence in an artificial system? Brain science and AI have been progressing in a closely knit fashion since the past several decades. Soon after the birth of modern computers, research on AI gained momentum, with the goal of building machines that can “think”. With the advent of microscopy in the early 1900s, researchers began probing into neuronal connections in brain tissues which inspired computer scientists to mould the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), one of the earliest and most effective models in the history of AI. In 1949, Hebbian learning, one of the oldest learning algorithms, was subtly inspired by the dynamics of biological neurons. The essential principle : when synapses fire repeatedly, the connection gets strengthened. In a biological context, this is one of the ways that we learn and remember things, the way that “potentiation” of memory occurs.  The same holds true for an ANN. Following this development, ANNs witnessed an enormous surge in research. A singular achievement was the perceptron. Developed by Frank Rosenblatt in 1957, this single-layer ANN can process multiple inputs, and laid the foundation for the subsequent multilayer networks. The 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Hubel and Wiesel for elucidating visual processing by capturing the responses of neurons when exposed to different images. Their work proved that biological systems use successive layers with nonlinear computations to transform simple inputs into complex features, paving the way for modern AI research. Activation of one neuron in our brain creates a spike in potential which is transmitted as electrical signals. On an analogous principle, the neuronal cell body equates to a node, dendrites to the input, axon to output and the synapse to the weights in an ANN. In ANNs, mathematical tools such as linear combinations and sigmoid functions are used to compute the action potential at a certain node. A typical ANN consists of input, output, and hidden layers with the complexity increasing by adding more hidden layers. AI essentially aims to investigate theories and build computer systems equipped to perform tasks that require human intelligence, decision-making and control.  Thus, it has an important role in understanding the nuances of the brain. In fact, it is rapidly metamorphosing into an indispensable tool in neuroscience. Machine Learning has greatly simplified the interpretation of data obtained from techniques such as Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). But it can also benefit from this, because a detailed analysis of how the brain works could provide important insights into simulating these artificially. Neural networks are only a rough representation of the brain, as it models neurons as numbers in a high dimensional matrix. On the contrary, our brains function as highly sophisticated devices with the help of electro-chemical signals. That makes us unique as individuals. It is an undeniable fact that AI has left an indelible mark on the world in several facets. Nevertheless, for machines to achieve the computational power and mystique of the human brain, may well remain an impossible feat for years to come.   Sukanya Chakraborty1 , Siddhartha Sen2 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16618/the-brain-from-discovery-to-diagnosis-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16618/the-brain-from-discovery-to-diagnosis-.html Sat, 06 Jun 2020 19:00:00 +0530 Since the 1970s, with the development of computed tomography (CT) scanning, new advancements to aid the diagnosis of the extremely malignant brain cancer has proliferated. With the alarming estimate of about 40,000-50,000 people diagnosed in India with brain cancer per year, developing faster and more effective ways for detecting the tumour is imperative. Only once it has been identified will the doctors be able to administer the most suitable treatment, hopefully increasing the grim 5-year survival rate. Every year, we celebrate World Brain Tumor Day to raise awareness and encourage innovations in this field. Only with these innovations and new technology will we be able to completely revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment. The research and development of artificial intelligence (AI) have manifested in several fields, notably while testing for brain tumours. The use of this technology increases the accuracy and speed of diagnosis tremendously. Recent experiments have shown the detection of a brain tumour in less than 3 minutes as compared to older methods that would range from 20 to 30 minutes. This is possible due to specific algorithms which are programmed to scan pictures and make accurate distinctions between healthy and cancerous tissue. To fully make use of this technology, scientists have coded the identification of 10 of the most prevalent cancers. Hence, this advancement in technology would propel faster identification of brain tumour and use of the most effective treatment for each patient. Recently, Yashoda Hospital in Hyderabad used a novel form of technology- intraoperative Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By allowing doctors to view the brain during surgery, stress on precision is alleviated, making surgery safer. This is because, while accounting for safety, surgeons are likely keep a part of the tumour in the patient. With an iMRI, they are aided by a clear and complete picture of the brain and its components, allowing them to operate completely and receive a scan checking for any remainders of the tumour. Furthermore, through the introduction of Stereotactic Radio Surgery in several hospitals in India, doctors hope to revolutionise the treatment of brain tumours. Unlike surgery, this method relies on a ray of radiation that is only concentrated on the tumour, leaving the neighbouring organs completely unharmed. By carrying out 3D imaging such as CT or MRI, one is able to locate the tumour and the type of tissue surrounding it. Thus doctors are made more aware of its nature and are able to guide treatment in the best possible way. Despite only being able to treat tumours smaller than 3 cm, its applicability in children and the elderly, is making it more popular as a form of quick and safe treatment. Also, the discovery of fibre-guided tractography seems to play an essential part in gaining a deeper understanding of the brain’s structure and nerve cells which will surely improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours. Through the use of an imaging method known as diffusion MRI, this software will be able to create 3D renders of a patients’ brain, including detailed structures of nerves. These coloured and intricately formed images will help surgeons gain a deeper understanding of the connections in one’s brain as well as assist them while isolating the tumour from the brain tissue. To test this new development, SMS Medical College in Jaipur, conducted a study to devise the location of various small tumours. The results proved the efficiency and accuracy of this method, as patients with language disorders and frequent seizures were diagnosed for the root of their problems- brain cancer. An understanding of the complexity of the brain is demonstrated in each and every innovation as the pursuit of safer and more precise methods of diagnosis increases each year. The combination of science and technology has allowed doctors and researchers to help provide patients with the earliest possible diagnosis, which in turn speeds up the process of treatment. Thus these advancements hope to reduce the risk of brain cancer, control its growth and hopefully, cure it.   Nysa Adurkar, Mumbai ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16605/theres-insufficient-content-and-no-evidence-in-relation-specifically-to-covid-19.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16605/theres-insufficient-content-and-no-evidence-in-relation-specifically-to-covid-19.html Thu, 04 Jun 2020 00:00:00 +0530 COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus discovered after an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As yet, there’s no vaccine against the novel coronavirus. Researchers are currently working on creating a vaccine specifically for this virus, as well as potential treatments for COVID-19. Considering there is no treatment available at the moment with conventional medicines, there is a demand for an alternative therapy that could mitigate/prevent the symptoms associated with Covid-19. A lot is known about increasing immunity with homeopathy in India & across the world. Homeopathy is a form of holistic medicine based on the principle of “like cures like”, in which a substance given in small doses will cure the same symptoms of illness they are known to cause in high doses. Historically homeopathy was used for epidemics by its founder Dr. Samuel Hahnemann who recommended Belladonna for scarlet fever. Homeopathy became popular in the 19 th century due to its success in treating epidemic diseases such ascholera, yellow fever and typhus. Homeopathic treatment may be divided into at least five types, depending on the way of prescribing. Clinical prescription aims at treating the disorder using symptoms of the ailment. For example, local symptoms of flu are looked at and a remedy is prescribed. Combination Remedies uses combining several different remedies that are commonly prescribed for a specific disease into one medication and treat people during an epidemic. It is important to match the correct remedies with the symptoms of the epidemic being treated. Constitutional prescription aims to bolster the entire constitution of the patient. A detailed description of the patient’s physical, mental and emotional symptoms are taken into account and a specific single remedy is prescribed. As a result different people receive different prescriptions for the same ailment, as their constitution is different. Other homeopathic researchers have reported treating other epidemic diseases, such as Chikungunya fever, pulmonary tuberculosis, and malaria, using individualized prescribing. Isopathy/Nosode: Isopathic remedies are made from the actual cause of the illness, or from its by-products, to treat that same condition. It is somewhat similar to conventional vaccination, although the preparation is in accordance with homeopathic pharmacy guidelines. A study involved using a nosode exhibited prophylactic effect of homeopathic medicines prepared by dilutions of the causative organism of a disease called leptospirosis in Cuba. Over 2 million inhabitants in Cuba who were treated with the nosode prophylatically had a much lower than expected incidence of the infection that year. In contrast, the incidence of leptospirosis in the other, untreated, provinces of Cuba rose by 21.7%. Furthermore an interesting fact is that Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that humans contract from animals!. Genus Epidemicus: A prescription using this principle is based on the concept that during a true epidemic of acute disease a majority of cases will respond to the same specific remedy, provided the remedy is similar to the characteristic symptoms of the epidemic. There is anecdotal evidence of homeopathic prophylaxis and specific treatment against infectious diseases. Homeopathic medicines exhibited efficacy and prophylactic effect was noted against the Spanish flu epidemic after World War 1, swine flu and dengue. There is a need to combine the traditional knowledge of homeopathy with the scientific parameters of clinical trials to prove the remedy’s efficacy in prophylaxis. Conclusion: Homeopathy is an integral part of treatment in many countries. India is considered as a hub in homeopathy as it is recognised by the Government in the form of educational institutions, research organizations, drug manufacturers, professional associations etc with its specific funding of AYUSH. Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-groups and Placebo-controlled trials may be conducted to explore the efficacy of homeopathy both in prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Several different homeopathic methods can be used to treat the pandemic and homeopathy could be seen as an attractive alternative, but only if there is a robust experimental evidence of its success.   Dr Vinita Pandey (PhD, LCHE, RSHom) is a qualified Homeopath and practices at Health Zone Clinic, Wimbledon, London, UK. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16593/ai-crucial-in-tackling-pandemics-like-the-covid-19.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16593/ai-crucial-in-tackling-pandemics-like-the-covid-19.html Tue, 02 Jun 2020 12:45:00 +0530 In December 2019, Canada-based Artificial Intelligence backed platform BlueDot spotted a cluster of pneumonia-like illnesses spreading in Wuhan, China. Scanning health data from multiple sources, the platform was able to identify the contagion, warning its clients about an impending global outbreak. BluDot’s prediction came much before WHO officially warned the world about the novel coronavirus threat. AI-based data analytics and predictive modelling techniques give an in-depth insight into the spread of diseases and helps forecast future outbreaks in time to be able to prevent them. This is just one example of how the use of Artificial Intelligence is helping the human race identify, tackle and manage such diseases. To be fair, the world is not new to pandemics. In fact, over the past 10 years a series of such outbreaks have jolted the world --- be it SARS, Ebola, Nipah or COVID 19 -- the latest and the most devastating of zoonotic diseases to have hit the globe. While the world is still grossly under-prepared to deal with such pandemics, new age digital and Artificial Intelligence backed technology using biosensors and remote monitoring is offering remarkable new ways to tackle such health crisis. Much like other fields, AI has also boosted healthcare with intelligent machines that can emulate human behavior, offer greater precision and can analyze loads of scattered data and make sense of it. According to a market research, the global artificial intelligence in healthcare market is expected to reach USD 31.3 billion by 2025. Some factors fuelling this surge include increasing adoption of precision medicine, use of big data in healthcare and co-opting of cost cutting technologies in healthcare. Speeding diagnosis and flattening the disease curve With faster diagnosis critical to containing the disease spread and flattening the curve, Artificial Intelligence backed interventions are emerging key solutions in the global fight against COVID 19. A number of new AI-based inventions are helping the medical fraternity improve its diagnosis capability. Researchers in China have claimed to have successfully used AI to diagnose COVID 19 from CT Scans of lungs, which is a much faster diagnostic solution that the sputum test currently being used. Another set of researchers in the US and UK have developed an AI model that can predict whether someone is likely to have COVID-19 based on their symptoms. According to the researchers this may provide help for populations where access to testing is limited. Similarly, a team of biotechnology students and a professor from Mumbai has claimed to have developed an AI tool to test COVID-19 through voice-based diagnosis using a smartphone. Clearly, AI based tools offer the new age solution to diagnose, tackle and address such pandemics in the future. Mass screening of patients Experience has shown that countries that were successful in widening their testing net were the ones that fared better in the fight against COVID 19. A wider testing net allows access to more accurate information about disease penetration and Spread. This in turn allows for better informed policy decisions. Screening of people in public places, offices, hospitals or public transport systems such as airports, railway stations etc is another area that needs to be taken seriously. Accurate screening can allow authorities to better curtail entry of suspected people ad contain the disease spread. However, thermally screening thousands of people every day at such joints is an uphill difficult task and also raises the threat of a large crowd gathering in waiting queues to be screened. AI-based mass screening technology can be an effective answer to this. In fact, Baidu, a Chinese multinational has already built AI-based solutions to effectively screen large populations and detect a change in their body temperature while they are on the move. This system can examine about 200 people per minute without disrupting the flow of people. Such technologies are ideal to be implemented in crowded areas, hospitals, railway stations, airports, etc to quickly identify suspected patients and quarantine them. In Israel, a health insurance providing organization is using AI technology to run a data screening on its members to identify those who are most at risk of severe covid-19 complications. This tool draws upon data such as age, BMI, existing health conditions and previous history of hospital admissions to spot at-risk individuals and fast track their diagnosis. Effective monitoring of patients Another critical usage of AI technology is in improving treatment outcomes and installing better patient monitoring mechanisms. COVID 19 patients, particularly those deemed high risk, need constant monitoring of health parameters. However, with hospitals inundated with patients, manual monitoring of patients is not easy. AI based tools offer a valuable solution to automate monitoring of patients’ parameters such as heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, among others. Digital solutions such as the ones created by Helyxon in collaboration with IIT Madras are helping hospitals across the world institute better patient monitoring mechanisms. Not just in hospitals, these digital systems offer an effective way to monitor patients quarantined at home as well. Helyxon’s devices use biosensors and keep a track of the body’s vital parameters. The devices keep a track of the spikes and aberrations and whenever an anomaly is observed a system-generated call alert is made to the user while an automatic escalation to the local provider is done. Interestingly, the devices are also equipped with Geo-fencing tracking alerts to keep a track of patients’ movements and ensure isolated patients do not violate the provisions of quarantine. Use of AI platforms, biosensor devices and remote monitoring technologies is helping create better disease management protocols by improving diagnosis, screening and monitoring drives. The use of such technology has also made it easier for researchers to find relevant data and studies to acquire new insights or approaches to address the COVID-19 outbreak. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16568/from-an-epidemic-to-a-pandemic-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16568/from-an-epidemic-to-a-pandemic-.html Sat, 30 May 2020 13:00:00 +0530 Smoking, an epidemic that took the world by storm from the early 1900s, has become one of the most pertinent health threats today.  Numerous diseases are caused and amplified due to this degradative habit. In India itself, about 120 million smoke regularly, making up 12% of the total population of smokers. With the swell of the COVID-19 pandemic, one cannot help but wonder about the implications of the respiratory health of smokers. Thus this discernable connection between the two has spurred researchers to uncover several ideas and theories regarding the occurrence of this disease in smokers. Smoking has multiple repercussions on one’s health, specifically damage to the respiratory system. This is what some scientists believe makes smokers more susceptible to the coronavirus. Chronic smoking causes irreparable harm as it breaks down the lung tissue needed for respiration. In doing so, the smoke also stimulates the production of ACE-2 or angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, found in goblet cells, which is where the virus binds and enters the human cells. The goblet cells begin to replicate in a process called secretory cell hyperplasia.  Hence, the virus is given more opportunities to multiply and infect a larger number of cells. Moreover, through the suppression of immune responses, smoking weaken the body’s defences, allowing the virus to bind to the cells and proliferate. Thus the virus is easily able to spread through the respiratory tract, giving rise to more severe symptoms. Finally, a smoker’s habits further contribute to an increased risk of contracting the virus. While smoking, one tends to touch the mouth more frequently, thus escalating the chances of contracting the virus.  E-cigarettes are likely to be shared between many, especially amongst the youth, thus allowing for a greater possibility of the spread of the virus from an asymptomatic or untreated person. Once contracted, the disease can take shape in an extremely dangerous manner, one needing mechanical ventilation and intensive medical care. In over fifty thousand laboratory cases, the fatality rate was much higher among those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease or cancer than those with no pre-existing chronic medical conditions. Since smoking leads to several complications, specifically causing acute respiratory distress syndrome or emphysema (lung failure), one is more susceptible to irreparable damage on contracting COVID-19. One of the adverse effects of smoking is that the tobacco destroys the alveoli, or air sacs, where the exchange of gases takes place. Thus, difficulty in breathing is commonly observed, which is an impediment in one’s recovery. Although research has proven the ill effects of smoking and its correlation to COVID-19, several case studies across the world have revealed contradictory results. Studies published in both France and Italy have shown a lesser percentage of smokers having the disease, as compared to the total number of smokers in the country. Similarly, Chinese researchers found that only 8% of individuals who smoke were hospitalized while about 26% of the population are heavy smokers. However, it is important to note that a small sample size was used in these studies, which casts a doubt on its reliability.  These startling results were backed by several claims to the properties of nicotine and gases released. On smoking, the levels of nitric oxide in the airways increases as the body’s mechanism of cleaning the air before it reaches the lungs. Hence, the gases ability to inhibit the binding of the virus to host cells could lead to fewer cases of this disease. However, it is important to note that once SARS-CoV-2 begins to spread, a smoker’s condition may rapidly deteriorate due to a decreased immune response and severe inflammation stimulated by nicotine.  Nevertheless, smoking has led to multifarious implications to human health and its depreciatory effect can be seen over a large population. One should be aware of the consequences smoking has on one’s body as well as the complications that arise on developing this perilous disease. Even though a conclusive agreement is yet to be made, quitting smoking will surely have its long term benefits in any individual. Health is being treated with greater caution as about two thirds of smokers in India, predominantly between the age of 18 to 24, have expressed their desire to quit smoking, as per the survey results from the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World. These findings herald World No Tobacco Day, celebrated on 31 May, as the future generations begin to understand the consequences of smoking and forgo it. Thus the body can slowly recuperate from the damage caused, blessing one with a healthier and safer future.   Nysa Adurkar, Mumbai  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16557/sustainable-menstruation-in-india-where-are-we-headed.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16557/sustainable-menstruation-in-india-where-are-we-headed.html Thu, 28 May 2020 15:35:00 +0530 Your periods are on and each of the approximately five days, you wrap that sanitary pad in another piece of plastic or paper and throw it into the bin. How many times do you wonder about the life cycle of the disposed pad after it moves out of your house? Just to give you a fair idea, there are over 336 million menstruating girls and women in India, which totals to approximately 121 million used disposable sanitary pads. This number is a huge concern given the fact that it takes at least 500 to 800 years for a single sanitary pad to decompose. The pads are made of non-biodegradable plastic – which can be detrimental to the health of the women and girls using them as well as the environment. In a country where safe menstruation continues to be a concern, can sustainable menstruation become a reality? India has for long been known for its sustainable and resourceful practices, and menstruation is not alien to this phenomenon. The practice of using cloth pads goes back in time and while these are not practical anymore, we must find safer, more natural means of disposal. Eco-friendly materials such as cotton are also biodegradable, return to nature and break down into smaller blocks which can be reused. Cut to as recently as 30 years, and use and throw has become a norm in almost all aspects of our lives – sanitary pads are sadly no exception to this. There is always reluctance among people when it comes to change or adapting to something away from status quo. However, given the figures above and concerns around environment protection, the need of the hour is to opt for alternatives to traditional sanitary pads for sustainable menstruation to become the norm. Efforts are already in place towards this as startups like us have understood the drawbacks of synthetic sanitary pad usage. We have aligned our solutions to bring more sustainable menstrual hygiene products for both the urban and rural women – supplemented by efforts to raise awareness. Other than offering biodegradable cotton-based pads, which are safer, we have also come up with alternatives such as tampons and menstrual cups. Although tampons are still disposable, menstrual cups can last for a good 5 to 6 years. They are reusable which means they contribute to lesser waste and make for a better financial choice for women in areas where sanitary pads may not be as affordable. Menstrual cups collect blood like a container and are washable. They do not absorb anything and therefore do not pose a threat to women’s health as well. While it will take a while before menstrual cups are adopted by rural women, there is already a change happening on the urban front. In India in the urban setting, we have noticed a considerable shift in the usage of biodegradable options in the age group of 25 - 35. To further boost this adoption rate, innovators like Pee Safe are targeting the millennials through interesting social media campaigns. This is because the millennial population is more aware of their immediate environment and the need to switch to better alternatives for a safer future. This group also has the highest scope of adoption and therefore, it makes absolute sense to promote sustainable feminine hygiene products, linking environmental awareness with intimate and personal hygiene. This kind of an approach is also the need of the hour in schools and colleges. Even as we work towards helping Indian women switch to these products, there is a need for other stakeholders including the government to collaborate for conducting awareness programmes in the rural areas. Many startups are already distributing menstrual cups and biodegradable options for free to those from economically weaker sections. It is only through these awareness generation initiatives across all socio-economic sectors that the vision of a ‘pad-free’ India can be achieved sooner than imagined. While these are efforts at the larger level, somewhere, sustainable menstruation practices also boil down to individual choices in the end. Girls and women must understand how disposable pads can affect vaginal health and alter our immediate environment – an impact that can last beyond our lifetime. Who is responsible then? We all are and where there is responsibility, there is no room for illusion of free will. We are what we use and being sustainable is a baton that we must carry forward.           ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16516/compliment-your-wellbeing-with-the-perfect-health-insurance-heres-how.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16516/compliment-your-wellbeing-with-the-perfect-health-insurance-heres-how.html Thu, 21 May 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Did you know that there are several studies that link common lifestyle disorders to stress? The onset of lifestyle conditions can lead to more severe health issues, such as stroke and even cancer if you do not take precautionary measures. While you can always take health cover with an enhanced critical illness insurance protection, isn't prevention better than cure? At the same time, even though it is easy to understand that buying health insurance and especially critical health insuranceworks to protect your life against various contingencies such as strokes, kidney failures and paralysis,you can improve your chances against these ailments by following a healthy lifestyle.  Here are some practical tips to buy health insuranceand help you maintain a balanced lifestyle that prevents all lifestyle-related health conditions as well.    Benefits of Keeping Your Health in Peak Condition Say goodbye to lifestyle disorders Stress is at the heart of all lifestyle conditions that can further deteriorate to contribute towards several life-threatening diseases, such as heart attack and cancer. Understanding the scope of having critical health insurancewill help you treat the condition without experiencing many financial hardships. At the same time, you can adopta healthy lifestyle to minimizestress as much as possible. When you focus on your wellbeing, you can reduce the risk of many such lifestyle disorders.   Enjoy a stress-free life   Maintaining a routine of exercise, yoga, and meditation can help you eliminate stress from your life. As a result, you can enjoy life's simple pleasures, such as important moments with your loved ones. Besides, many insurance companies reward their health insurance and critical health insurancepolicyholders with health points, recognizing their wellness efforts. Healthy individuals also attract lower premiums on their health insurance and critical health insurance policies.    Save money   A healthy person will save money on not just health insurance and critical health insurance policy premiums, but also fewer medical treatment expenses. These savings can be put to much better use, such as investments in wealth creation opportunities or a retirement plan to take early retirement.      Lower premiums on your health insurance   Every insurance provider requires you to undergo medical examinations to test for pre-medical conditions. A healthy individual with no such risks will be able to benefit from lower premiums on their health and critical health insurance policies.    Maintain a physically active routine   By exercising, you can reduce the risk of many diseases, including cancers such as colon, rectum, and breast.  Following a healthy lifestyle is good for the body. But not following it can be equally harmful. For instance, you may have to pay a higher premium on your health insuranceor critical health insurancepolicy, if you are a smoker – notto mention the increased risk of developing severe lifestyle-related ailments. At the same time, risky behaviours such as consuming a poor diet and living a sedentary life can be a severe health risk to your heart. Not curbing these practices can result in costly health or critical health insurance, if not being rejected altogether!  Benefits of health insurance with critical illness insurance cover While health insurance pays for unexpected expenses arising out of an illness, a critical illness insurancecover does a lot more than that. They are two very different things and cannot be used interchangeably. When combined, however, they can become a powerful tool to protect you against life's uncertainties.  Here are some of its benefits.  Provides enhanced coverage A health insurance plan will cover basic hospitalizations and expenditures only. However, a critical illness insurance cover will give you a lumpsum in case you are diagnosed with a life-threatening disease included in the policy.  Upfront benefit No need to get reimbursed based on actual costs incurred. With a critical illness cover, you will get a lumpsum amount even if you didn't incur the charges.  Longer-term A critical illness cover can be purchased for a longer-term and can be easily renewed online.  More than 9 million people, as per estimates given by the World Health Organization, have cancer worldwide. Cancer and other severe health conditions can catch you off-guard, both physically as well as financially. While it is always recommended to follow a healthy lifestyle, you must also make yourself economically secure with comprehensive health insurance or critical illness insurance policy that covers these critical illnesses.  Furthermore, you can look into more comprehensive coverage against life's uncertainties by combining critical illness insurance cover with the best term plan in India. Term insurance plans from reputable insurers such as Max Life Insurance enable you to opt for a critical illness rider to help avail of a much comprehensive and in-depth coverage to help you overcome the disease without the financial burden. At the same time, when you opt for the best term plan in Indiato secure your family's financial health in your absence, you also make sure that your loved ones remain independent and continue to work towards accomplishing their dreams without worrying about their financial stability – you have the best term plan in Indiato take care of that. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16500/unicefs-immunization-gap-warning-a-red-flag.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16500/unicefs-immunization-gap-warning-a-red-flag.html Wed, 20 May 2020 17:20:00 +0530 The current COVID-19 outbreak has shifted our focus on one thing, how to prevent ourselves from the disease, but we are ignoring the fact that there are many other infectious diseases waiting to seize the right opportunity to come back. Many countries are under lockdown for almost 2- 3 months and as a result of that primary health care services are disrupted. Interruption of immunization services poses a major risk for secondary outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases (VPD). This spotlight on vaccines highlights the seriousness of routine immunization systems and calls to question the preparedness of health systems around the world. This is not the first pandemic we are facing, many countries or regions have faced pandemics and they have battled against them and have their fair share of experience and learnings gathered till date. Organizations such as Gavi (global vaccine alliance), WHO and UNICEF etc. have many lessons learned from previous pandemics and these learnings will help to strengthen health systems and routine immunization. How we can adapt, approaches to maintain routine immunization, during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the necessary commitments from country partners to achieve equitable access to vaccines against both known and novel pathogens will help us to overcome the coming threats. According to a study done by Dr Timothy Roberton and colleagues on “Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries” they have predicted that an additional 1.2 million under-five children will die in just six months, due to current decrease in routine health service coverage levels,  and an increase in child wasting. They also predict coverage reductions of 9·8–18·5% and wasting increase of 10% will results in 2.5 million additional child deaths and 12 200 additional maternal deaths over the next six  months. Looking at these numbers it’s very clear we need to take prompt action in every country and leverage the collective expertise of partners and the technologies currently available. How technology can help to overcome the burden? It is very important to have a robust, large-scale and innovation-based global response to sustain and increase the current immunization, as hard fought gains on vaccine coverage are at risk. Not a single country in the world can face two outbreaks at the same time while the healthcare system is under attack by COVID-19. Technology driven solutions that can provide accurate and verifiable data on immunization, as well as aggregating data that can easily inter-operate with other existing systems will help to identify the problem areas. This will help organisations to independently identify beneficiaries, take timely interventions in this outbreak situation. Introduction of cutting edge technologies and reaching more children with life-saving vaccines is the need of the hour. For example, some countries are trying to implement digital innovations such as introducing digital vaccination record keeping, which is going to track the children real time, efficient vaccine cold chain monitoring from production to the clinics to make sure the efficacy of the vaccines and also delivering vaccines to the unreachable areas using drones. Moreover, improving vaccination monitoring and surveillance systems to ensure up-to-date data is critical to close the existing immunization gap as well as fighting post COVID-19 vaccine fallouts. Streamlining the analytics of vaccination monitoring, record keeping and outreach will help to save many lives. It is also the time for the policy makers to overlook the existing policies and take timely actions to bridge the immunization gap and make provisions to improve and accommodate newer technologies and utilize them for the benefit of every child in the country. Making sure every child is immunized in order to avoid the fallouts from disruption to the routine immunization program is a must, if not it is going to be catastrophic in the long run. Let’s take proactive measures to maintain routine immunization services as much as possible, and prepare to scale-up in the immediate post-COVID period to make sure no child is left unattended.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16490/covid19-helpline-numbers-indiafightscornona.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16490/covid19-helpline-numbers-indiafightscornona.html Tue, 19 May 2020 00:00:00 +0530 This helpline number is given and worked by Sarv.com, It is a Jaipur based Telecom Service Provider organization who has been serving this part for as far back as 9 years. Sarv is extremely glad to be a piece of this respectable motivation.  Another helpline number that we provided to Bihar State is 18002122246.  This number is here for the same purpose but the thing is that it is available for 24*7. Yes, you can make contact with this number at any moment for any kind of help that you are seeking for the state.    Virtual DID State & Segment Segment Activated On 18002122246 BJP  Patna - Bihar 28-Mar-2020 9610062010 BJP  Patna - Bihar 02-Apr-2020 18001237330 Congress Buxar - Bihar 02-Apr-2020 07447118949 BBMP Bangalore - Karnataka 17-Apr-2020 7277777034 Uttarakhand Food, Med etc distribution 28-Mar-2020 9610516069 All India AIPC Covid-19 Helpline 28-Mar-2020 9783110555 Rajasthan Kisan Mandi 13-Apr-2020 MCL is financing a few medical clinics as well and sending all these crisis numbers by means of SMS to everybody. Helpline: TCF-06760269528, IBCF-9438494879, MCL-HQ-06632542214. We set up a voice system that can assist an individual with knowing which zone is in which zone just by calling it to that number. That number is additionally useful in running the review and taking the feedback from local people. Currently, this is how Sarv is making sure it helps each and every organization that is willing to put their all efforts into helping others. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16467/catching-the-silent-killer.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16467/catching-the-silent-killer.html Sat, 16 May 2020 10:10:00 +0530 1.1 million deaths in India each year. What could have claimed such an inordinate number of lives? While one might immediately blame cancer or lung disease, hypertension or high blood pressure has affected nearly 234 million, only in India. This condition occurs due to an increase in the blood pressure applied on the walls of the arteries. Although there are no exact causes of hypertension, a few factors highly responsible for this condition include obesity, stress, old age, genetics etc. Modernization has imbibed in us a lifestyle of less exercise, smoking and unhealthy eating habits which could lead to higher instances of obesity. This has greatly augmented hypertension, globally, stimulating the research of various drugs to help combat this life threatening disease. Despite a great prevalence of this disease, in India, only about 10-20% of adults are diagnosed and are receiving treatment to reduce the risks that are brought by hypertension. The major causes for this are a lack of awareness and fewer screening facilities. According to research conducted in large cities and rural areas, - the prevalence of awareness of hypertension is only in a quarter of rural and two-fifths of urban Indians, and only a quarter and a third of those identified in rural and urban India receive treatment for it. Moreover, a large percentage of adults disregard the instructions given or are not advised correctly. This could be due to a number of reasons, the most common being an increase in the price of medicine, which discourages people from tending to this disease. However, geriatricians have estimated that developing countries like those in Asia and Africa will face an increase in the number of patients with this condition. This would lead to higher production of these drugs which could decrease their price drastically. Thus more will be encouraged to seek help. Being asymptomatic, hypertension’s effects could manifest without one realising, and ultimately cause strokes, heart disease and even death. Thus negligence by patients has to be curbed through more screening facilities as well as the development and sale of antihypertension drugs. In terms of medication, monotherapy, where a patient is administered a single drug, is the most common method used while treating mild hypertension. Containing substances such as calcium blockers, ACE or angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, vasodilators, diuretics, beta-adrenergic blockers, these drugs are effective while lowering any tension and circumventing strokes and cardiovascular diseases. It is estimated that amlodipine is normally used by most patients. This drug falls under the class of CCBs, or calcium channel blockers. In an attempt to lessen the pressure exerted on the arteries, they allow them to dilate. Extended periods of use and consistent blood pressure with smaller doses make this type of medicine popular and extremely effective. Apart from these, beta blockers including atenolol and carvedilol can be prescribed. By preventing norepinephrine and epinephrine (hormones produced by the body), these drugs are able to curb their effects, resulting in a lower heart rate and less pressure. Certain risks associated with this drug make it more likely to be prescribed to younger patients. Furthermore, those suffering from other ailments such as diabetes or heart disease are advised to take ACE inhibitors. Through the inhibition of angiotensin II, a protein that promotes the contraction of the arteries, these drugs are able to reduce the pressure endured by circulatory system. Despite the vast array of drug treatments available, on taking the drug, nearly 30% of patients experience no, or little change in their blood pressure. Thus scientists across the world have explored new medicines, ones that no longer directly target the arteries. By ingesting a drug called firibastat, a pathway in the brain is impeded from producing angiotensin III. Since this protein proliferates the activity of neurons which cause constriction as well as hinder the heart’s ability to change the strength at which it pumps blood, this drug has had many successful trials in France and USA. Moreover, scientists have observed that the severity with which it affects the body changes with the amount of abnormalities in blood pressure. Receiving reinforcement due to its positive results even in otherwise unaffected patients, this drug moved into further testing, and will hopefully change the course of treatment of this precarious condition. While scientists have been working on promising drugs, production during the recent COVID-19 pandemic has seized. India, being one of the largest suppliers of antihypertensive drugs in the world, needs to import about 70% of the raw materials from China. Bans on trade and shutdown of factories could lead to a shortage of these drugs in the future. The seriousness and prevalence of this disease accompanied with fewer drugs, could pose an immense threat to the adult population in India and around the world. Due to numerous implications and risks associated with hypertension, the development and usage of drugs is vital, especially in developing countries. This will not only reduce the mortality rate, but also create a necessary awareness in people from all part of the world. Thus, on this  World Hypertension Day, ‘measure your blood pressure, control it, live longer.’   Nysa Adurkar, Mumbai  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/16421/thriving-during-covd-19-pandemic.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/16421/thriving-during-covd-19-pandemic.html Mon, 11 May 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Media has played a pivotal role in spreading awareness about improving immune system functioning and preventing COVID-19 by engaging in frequent handwashing, using alcohol-based hand sanitizers, and practicing social distancing. However, practicing social distancing can trigger a gamut of negative emotions, ranging from anxiety to depression, and this in turn can compromise one’s overall well-being. If we are to believe in the idea of mind-body connection, then negative impact on psychological well-being will eventually adversely affect one’s physical health.  At this juncture, we need to ask ourselves an important question: How can one thrive and thus enhance well-being when life has come to a grinding halt? Drawing upon my experience in the field of psychology, in general, and positive psychology, in particular, I would like to emphasize the overarching power of ‘psychological capital’ (Luthans et al., 2007) in helping us sail through the storm. According to Luthans and colleagues (2007), psychological capital consists of attributes, such as hope, resiliency, optimism, and self-efficacy. With our very survival under threat on account of possibility of a global recession, food insecurity, or even death due to disease or hunger, finding purpose in one’s life and working towards one’s life goals becomes extremely difficult. On a more positive note, the current phase is a critical period for reexamining and altering our personal and professional goals. The hobbies that we neatly locked up inside our cupboard to run the rat race, stand a greater chance of helping us earn sufficient income in the post COVID-19 world. Close relationships that we conveniently ignored will become even more important to live a good life. Instead of getting sucked into the vicious cycle of gloom, despair, and agony, we need to set meaningful goals and find ways in which these goals can be attained (hope), believe in our capacity to achieve these goals (self-efficacy), forestall favorable consequences (optimism), and continue to work despite experiencing setbacks (resilience). For instance, if you always dreamt of becoming a successful painter but somehow could not work towards your dream, set aside some time from professional obligations to improve your painting skills; enroll in professional painting courses and keep practicing till you get the skill right. Who knows, you might be the Pablo Picasso or Frida Kahlo of the post-COVID-19 society? In short, better late than never! In fact, in the pandemic’s aftermath, I foresee careers in fine and performing arts, consumer foods, mental health, agriculture, research and development, and artificial intelligence booming more than the conventionally sought-after careers in engineering and corporate management. In other words, this is a time to not only invest in one’s hobbies but also learn some new skills that will inevitably prepare you for careers in these domains. In addition, reading literary and scholarly works and writing will become the cornerstones of building a healthy post-pandemic society as these foundational skills are critical for developing empathy and reflection. So, what are you waiting for? Take out a novel from your bookshelf and start reading it! Note down your thoughts and feelings in a diary or express them over a blog! Human beings have experienced and will continue to experience unforeseen circumstances. What really makes the difference is how you analyze these situations and make the most of them.  References: Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16397/regulation-changes-with-respect-to-telemedicine-will-help-the-masses-at-large-nilesh-jain.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16397/regulation-changes-with-respect-to-telemedicine-will-help-the-masses-at-large-nilesh-jain.html Fri, 08 May 2020 12:15:00 +0530 According to the guidelines set by the WHO, the ratio of a government doctor to the population must be 1:1,800. However, reports recorded that India has only one government doctor for every 1,139 individuals. To make matters worse, qualified professionals choose the busy city life over the remote rural fields. So, as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic began to unfold, people across the globe quickly turned to virtual care and remote monitoring. Teleconsultation gained recognition and became an essential supporting pillar for the dodgy health systems. Worldwide, political leaders urged the population to make the best of the services provided by healthcare workers through the use of technology. In order to provide reliable information and guidance on best practices to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus, the World Health Organization (WHO) also took advantage of technology and social media. By definition, Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications and information technology to provide clinical services to patients remotely. WHO prefers to call it “healing from a distance“. Seeing that the practice of social distancing has gained momentum in the last few weeks, there has been a considerable change in the delivery of healthcare services too. Advancement in the infrastructure in information technology has made video conferencing  with a physician as easy as calling a distant relative for advice about an upset stomach. Improved access to care and immediate resolution during times of crisis has allowed telemedicine to establish a firm hold but what lies ahead? Today’s App-roach to healthcare:  The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Government of India recently launched a mobile app ‘Aarogya Setu’ to ensure the general public has access to all the information they need in real time - from a quick preliminary examination to tracking active cases, this app is instrumental in relaying reliable information through communities across the country. Numerous video-conferencing apps are being used for communication between doctors and patients.  A variety of healthcare apps by both proprietary software owners and multispecialty hospitals are helping individuals find a physician under minutes to discuss early symptoms and take the right action. Improved access to healthcare: Stable networks connections and smartphone cameras have shrunk the gap between experienced professionals and the rural population’s demand for qualified healthcare workers. According to recent news, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Uddhav Thackeray urged retired practitioners to join forces with the government in the fight against COVID-19. Telemedicine is providing an efficient way to strengthen our healthcare system by balancing its demand using technology. Inexpensive doctor visits: Health-related services are expensive since most people often report a disease in its most chronic form. A majority of people refrain from consulting a doctor for minor conditions such as a flu. This ignorant practice is being modified by the use of telemedicine to cut down the cost of COVID-19 testing by providing immediate resolutions for reported symptoms and taking the necessary actions. Challenges to telemedicine: Although the practice of telemedicine has been encouraged by the WHO for the delivery of health services in remote areas for the exchange of valid information with regard to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, it continues to be uncharted territory for smaller rural communities. Unaware of the concept of telemedicine, these communities are still struggling to find primary healthcare services and are resistant to telemedicine partly due to lack of reliable sources; but mostly due to lack of trust in online health services.   Another curious finding highlights the impact of telemedicine. It might be extremely easy to analyze the individual performance of healthcare professionals practicing telemedicine yet the collective outcome still remains conflicted as there is no definite framework or models available for accessing the quality of services provided. Tomorrow’s AI-m for improving healthcare: With changes in policies and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning peddling into the present, the healthcare system is expected to undergo a transformation. Instant diagnosis and early detection will not only enable patients to look at their health differently but also support health experts to expand their practice to include the overlooked sections of the society.       ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16379/a-battle-well-waged-agile-steadfast-responsive-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16379/a-battle-well-waged-agile-steadfast-responsive-.html Tue, 05 May 2020 12:25:00 +0530 The world has crossed unfortunate milestones of more than a million cases globally and close to 60k deaths.  Given the unabated impact of this global crisis, it is likely that at the time you read this article, these numbers would have been overshot by a large margin.  A global leveller, country success stories stand out: Level of development of a country or level of evolution of healthcare infrastructure has not been a dampener for the potent coronavirus.  Strangely, at this point, the most affected are also some of the most developed countries in the world.  If anything, the global burden is emerging as a telling story of effectiveness (or lack thereof) of public health response in various countries.  South Korea and Germany continue to stand out as exalting examples.  Germany is in the middle of the European hotbed of the global pandemic.  It has reported more than 90,000 cases, but less than 1,300 deaths.  That translates to a mortality rate of 1.38%.   This is in strong contrast to its neighbours Italy and Span where based on currently reported numbers, mortality stands at 12.25% and 9.39%.  While we could argue that the lower mortality rate in Germany is a mathematical reflection of a larger denominator due to more extensive testing, the much lower absolute number of deaths is a benchmark in itself.  The same with South Korea.  Despite high physical proximity and people movement with China, absolute deaths is below 200 and mortality rate is about 1.74%.  Both countries are strong examples of Government driven focus on active testing, tracing and isolation.  Both are also examples of leaders setting the right examples, isolating themselves whenever required by protocol, communicating with transparency, maintaining an equation of trust and actively gaining behavioural participation of the population in planned response measures.  India – No easy way out, but a battle well waged: There is no perfect response in a pandemic like this where the course is hard to predict and scientific knowledge on various aspects of disease transmission are far from understood.  Population density, socio-economic implications in a country such as India further confound decision making.  Despite these complex challenges, I would like to acknowledge that we are a good example of swift response and active engagement of all scientific groups within the Government to put a cohesive force forward. Agile and unified response: Until about March 5th, we did not have more than couple of reported cases and the level of risk was not obvious.  We had one designated quarantine center in most states and often an overcrowded and poorly maintained Government Hospital that several citizens feared more than contracting COVID-19 itself.  However, when initial cases were then reported from Maharashtra and Telengana, as a country there was an agile response with immediate acknowledgement of impending threat.  We acted in a humbled manner while appreciating the ravaging impact on countries with greater economic and scientific force. Engagement of all scientific stakeholders for a cohesive response and expanded armour: Indian response has been a good example of the MoHFW and ICMR actively leading Government decision making on scientific aspects and expanding preparedness in a prudent manner.  There has also been active engagement of all other scientific forces within the public system and the private sector.  Most states have now recognized several private hospitals and have rapidly expanded isolation and treatment centers. Addressing a big piece of the puzzle – diagnostics: Testing is the cornerstone of most response measures.  It is the driver for isolation which is critical for containing the pandemic’s spread.  Globally, this has been a very difficult piece of the puzzle.  The United States is a stark example.  The FDA acted swiftly and approved various test kits exercising the Emergency Use Authorization measures.  However, after initial dearth of tests and challenge of negative controls in CDC tests resulted in an urgent call for action, the FDA resorted to the extreme measure of allowing all Lab Developed Tests and unapproved test kit developers to commercially offer the test during this pandemic.  It is hard to determine now if the test you are offered in the United States has been validated or not, and if so how reliable it is.  South Korea, on the other hand, quickly had private companies such as Seegene develop the tests and approved it within a week of submission for approval.  It is notable that Seegene actually developed the test four days ahead of South Korea confirming its first case.  The roll-out of testing is also a great benchmark, free testing has been offered, drive-through testing booths have been setup and hospitals are offering walk-through testing with no contact with healthcare professionals.  With more than 250,000 tests having been done so far, the country has set a global example of how extensive testing and population education on risks of transmission can be great arsenal in this battle. India has also done remarkably well as well on this critical aspect.  ICMR has pro-actively extended testing capacity to include private labs and has most recently, even expanded it to include public research institutions.  This has been done in a scientific manner with the ICMR website clearly listing out private labs recognized to do so by state and city.  Even with the test kits, we encouraged our domestic ventures to respond in an agile manner.   Equally importantly, these were immediately validated by National Institute of Virology, Pune and list of tests validated published immediately by ICMR with information immediately shared with the regulator CDSCO for approval.  Again, encouraging immediate creation domestic capacity, swift response and transparency have been evident.  Creating security on access to testing is a crucial part of preparedness and response measures, and we have done incredibly well. Simultaneously investing in science driven solutions: Beyond immediate containment measures, sustainable solution for the COVID19 crisis will have to be validated therapeutic and prophylactic solutions.  We have immediately put out funding programs to encourage large companies and startups to focus on this pursuit.  As a country, we have more than four vaccines actively under development and at least 30 diagnostic tests.  Companies and institutions are actively engaged in validating various therapeutic solutions including measures to enhance efficacy through novel forms of delivery.  While the final outcome will rest on stewarding these solutions to widespread adoption with continued momentum, for now I will fail if I don’t acknowledge the promising start.  Tough measures when needed: In an unanticipated situation such as this, preparedness is always a luxury and is often amiss.  Trade-offs then are an integral part of any response measure.  There are economic implications, social implications and unforeseen events resulting in further spread of the virus as well. Despite these challenges, we have taken the tough calls that offer most promise of containing the potentially devastating spread and have stayed steadfast and resolute.  It was prudent to shut the country’s borders and implement hard measures for distancing in a timely manner. Continuing to stand together and leaving no room for impulse: India is also a great example of states and the Center acting in unison and making a cohesive effort that is much needed to win a battle this hard.  The private sector has come forward to do its part.  The clinicians and medial professions are at the front of the battle but continue to grapple with shortage of PPE which a threat to their sustenance.  A fight such as this is not without its testing moments.   We have done well this far, and have kept complacency at bay.  As a nation, each of us have to realize that we still have at least two thirds of the battle ahead of us.  Every action of impulse can take us ten steps behind.  It is important we only get stronger in our collective response, keep any differences at bay and continue a rigorous front to get through the rest of this battle.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16378/convalescent-plasma-therapy-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16378/convalescent-plasma-therapy-.html Tue, 05 May 2020 12:15:00 +0530 Convalescent plasma therapy or CPT is not a new concept. It was first used, way back, in 1918-1919 during the H1N1 flu epidemic. Convalescent plasma refers to the plasma which is obtained from the blood of an individual who has recovered from an infective illness. It is supposed to be rich in neutralising antibodies against the specific infective pathogen. It is then transfused into a patient suffering from the same infection in the hope that this antibody rich plasma will help the patient fight the infection till the patient’s own immune system takes over.  This is a way of providing passive immunity to the patient. This modality is not available routinely but is put to use against specific infections at times of epidemics or pandemics like the current one. It has been used and studied, in the past, for various other viral infection outbreaks with variable results. It was tried during the SARS epidemic in 2003 against the SARS-Corona virus and resulted in 7 to 23% lesser mortality and a reduced hospital length of stay, especially when it was transfused within the first two weeks of onset of symptoms, with no major complications being reported. A study conducted in 2009 for the use of convalescent plasma in the treatment of patients with H1N1-pdm09 influenza virus reported an 80% reduction in mortality, along with reduced length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, especially when used early and again without any major complications reported. However, on the other hand it’s use in patients with H5N1(Avian Flu) and Ebola virus did not show any significant benefit. And potentially it can result in severe transfusion reactions and worsening of the infection. In the current scenario of SARS Cov2 infection (COVID 19) when no drug has proven its efficacy, convalescent plasma is being tried as a rescue measure. There is very scanty data available to support its use. A preliminary report on 10 Chinese patients suggested benefit. These were all seriously ill patients and were also receiving multiple other therapies. But within 3 days of convalescent plasma therapy most patients exhibited significant clinical improvement, their CT Scans of the chest also showed improvement and 2 out of 3 patients could be taken off the ventilator. No adverse effects were seen. There are similar smaller studies and case reports which have shown some benefit with its use. A risk benefit analysis must be carried out before instituting it. It is generally used in patients who are severely ill and do not have access to better alternatives. Before transfusing, it is important to check if the plasma being given has enough titre of neutralising antibodies, is free of any infectious particles and matches with the blood group of the recipient. Large scale studies are needed to clearly specify its safety and efficacy.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16376/promote-hand-hygiene-to-save-lives-and-combat-covid-19.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16376/promote-hand-hygiene-to-save-lives-and-combat-covid-19.html Tue, 05 May 2020 11:45:00 +0530 Promoting good hand hygiene is one of the most basic yet powerful tools that Member States of the WHO South-East Asia Region must continue to leverage to reduce the spread of COVID-19. All Member States should urgently provide universal access to public hand hygiene stations as they embark on the next phase of the pandemic response, including at the entrance to every public or private commercial building and at all transport locations, especially major bus and train stations, airports and seaports. Regular and thorough hand-washing with soap or use of an alcohol-based rub are critical measures each of us can take to protect ourselves, each other and those who care for us: health workers. As the world marks the annual WHO “SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands” campaign on 5 May, which is also the International Day of the Midwife, it is imperative that Member States continue to enhance hand hygiene in health care. Based on WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme global estimates, 35% of health facilities in the Region lack functional hand hygiene facilities at points of care and toilets. Effective infection prevention and control measures, including hand hygiene, are crucial to ensuring health facilities do not become hubs of COVID-19 transmission, and to reducing health care-associated infections from other pathogens, which account for an estimated 8 million deaths globally each year. Nurses and midwives in particular must be provided the resources and training required to implement good hand hygiene practices to respond to the pandemic and to safely maintain essential services. There are several opportunities for Member States and health leaders in the Region to immediately scale up their support to nurses, midwives and other frontline responders to deliver clean care, for which they have WHO’s full technical and operational assistance. First, all public and private health facilities should make functional hand hygiene stations readily accessible. Facility administrators should position hand hygiene stations at all points of care, in areas where personal protective equipment is put on or removed, where health care waste is handled, and within 5 metres of toilets. Hand hygiene stations must also be accessible at health facility entries and exits, and in waiting and dining rooms and other public areas. Second, all health facilities should establish or strengthen hand hygiene improvement strategies. Facility administrators should provide refresher training on hand hygiene to nurses, midwives and other health workers. They should procure adequate quantities of good quality hand hygiene supplies. All staff must be encouraged to adhere to the “five moments for hand hygiene”, which are vital to protecting patient safety. And third, health facility leaders should make hand hygiene a key quality monitoring indicator. Compliance with hand hygiene standards should be a core part of every health facility’s infection control regimen, with areas of risk identified and solutions found as a matter of priority. As part of this, all health facilities should sign up to and fully implement WHO’s global “SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands” campaign. In this International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife, Member States in the Region must continue to support and strengthen the ability of nurses, midwives and other frontline responders to combat COVID-19, while also empowering the public to stop the spread and reduce the strain on health services. We are in this together and must get through it together. The health and well-being of the Region’s near 2 billion people is in all of our hands. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16322/demystifying-the-covid-19-pandemic.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16322/demystifying-the-covid-19-pandemic.html Mon, 27 Apr 2020 14:25:00 +0530 Global outbreak of the infectious respiratory disease named “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) has unleashed a public health emergency. This pandemic is spread in all countries across every continent, except Antarctica, in varied temperature ranges of Northern and Southern hemispheres.It is caused by a highly mutating novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that naturally evolved in bats like earlier MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV viruses. Pandemics have caused a heavy toll of lives on Earth. Nicholas Poussin’s famous painting “The Plague of Ashdod” of 1630, displayed in the Louvre, is a grim reminder of how epidemics ravaged populations. In the last century, deadly 1918 influenza flu pandemic emphasized basic hygiene rules. Twelve rules were learntthat also apply to the COVID-19 pandemic today. Three most important ones include to avoid crowding by social distancing, maintaining cleanliness of mouth, skin, hands and clothes, and choosing and chewing food properly. The COVID-19 is way more dreadful than a flu. SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to compromise lung and target oxygen-carrying capacity of erythrocytes to various organs in the body. It spreads through respiratory droplets when aninfected person coughs, sneezes, or comes in the vicinity of another individual. There are no specific treatments or drugs available to directly intersect or cure COVID-19. However, the good news is that COVID-19 spread is preventable. The global trends available for its day-by-day spread are helpful in predicting the course of the disease. Containment measures are being enforced by quarantines, travel restrictions and lockdowns in many countries. They are the only recourse to break the cycle of infection as virus survival depends on infecting a human host. Many countries are already in the exponential phase of infections while others are lagging only to catch up soon. The risk will be unmanageable if people are left to be infected with the virus, assuming that the “herd immunity” will take care of them. Herd immunity is an indirect protection from an infectious disease that occurs when a large proportion of the population has become immune to the infection either through previous infections or vaccination. Since SARS-CoV-2 is highly mutable — as is influenza —it is unlikely to achieve herd immunity even if 100% of the population is exposed or vaccinated. Our only opportunity to contain COVID-19 virus is by social distancing before it is too late. Unfortunately, too many countries have taken this opportunity lightly! It is critical to prevent further spread of the virus so that large numbers of people arenot sick simultaneously to overburden healthcare facilities. Scientific results indicate that one can prime immunity by eating healthy food (vitamin-rich fruits, vegetables and fortified foods), regularly engaging in physical activities, such as walking/jogging/running while maintaining physical distancing, and mind-body de-stressing (good quality sleep, yoga, meditation, hasyaasan/laughter, family time etc.). Including established medicinal spices such as turmeric, ginger, cumin and black pepper, or herbal products in food will likely help but will not cure the infection. In the modern world, a large population is deficit in critical vitamins required in the body. Taking supplements of Vit D3 (5000 units a day) and Vit C (2000 mg daily) should support the normal functioning of the body. Long-term public health and wellness should take precedence over everything else, including the economy. After all, the economy is made up of the people. This crisis will challenge our notions and force us to adopt new ways of working and living in sync with nature.  Let us keep calm and retune ourselves to unleash creativities unique to humans: artists engage in fine arts and music, writers in creative writing, and others in their respective talents while biomedical scientists worldwide are busy understanding SARS-CoV-2 virus for developing effective medical countermeasures. Let us pledge that we will prevent COVID-19 spread by practicing social distancing or distance socializing. Humans have overcome pandemics in the past. We will prevail again if we make better judgements. The COVID-19 disaster is preventable.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16316/covid-19s-growing-impact-calls-for-immediate-ramp-up-of-healthcare-across-the-world.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16316/covid-19s-growing-impact-calls-for-immediate-ramp-up-of-healthcare-across-the-world.html Fri, 24 Apr 2020 17:35:00 +0530 COVID 19: Reveals a stark difference in global healthcare The COVID 19 pandemic has bought a global spotlight on the inadequacies of the healthcare sector across the world. With WHO issuing guidelines and appealing to the nations across the world to collaborate in fight against this pandemic, the present situation on the ground has left nations struggling to fulfil the growing demand for healthcare workers. In the grim times of the coronavirus outbreak, it is reassuring to know that these workers are there to help the patients, but the growing number of cases have put lot of pressure on the healthcare workers and the short supply of the medical equipment, test kits and personal protective equipment have made things even harder. As part of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, all member states have agreed to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. A recent study by International Labour Organization, reveals that countries’ capacities to recruit and retain health workers vary significantly across regions. This unequal distribution exacerbates inequities in access to health services. Furthermore, Health Employment Data suggests that high-income countries have both the most skilled health workers and the largest health sectors relative to their population size. Whereas, in many low-income countries, large parts of the population do not have access to essential health services due to the lack of health workers, particularly in rural and remote areas. In Africa, the average number of workers employed in the health sector per 10,000 people is 57, and many of the region’s poorer nations have far fewer. When WHO declared the virus a global health emergency, the major worry was the challenge to contain the virus if it spreads in rural and remote areas where the availability of the healthcare facilities and workers is even more limited. Current Scenario in India India has a huge population of 1.3bn with limited availability of healthcare facilities, which does call for major ramp up in our healthcare infrastructure and human resources. Covid-19 has made us realise that we need to increase the investment several folds in this sector. With an aim to contain the infectious diseases and improve the overall wellbeing of the people, India has taken several initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and Ayushman Bharat over last few years. These campaigns have helped to a certain extent in the improving of the country’s hygiene levels and made us more aware as individuals. India also has a pharma edge since we contribute the second largest share of pharmaceutical and biotech workforce in the world and is the largest provider of generic drugs globally. This has worked well in our favour where India is producing and exporting ‘Hydroxychloroquine’, a drug which has been projected as one of the repurposed drug for Covid-19. Given the current crisis, we decided to go on the lockdown at the right stage and our healthcare workers have been relentlessly working since, to both treat the patients and curb the spread of the virus. Way Forward Government Policies National healthcare scheme: The first step we should take is have an universal National healthcare scheme which should go beyond just the pandemic period. One of the best examples for this is Taiwan. They with help of their National Health Insurance Scheme were able to contain the virus and has only 420 cases, even though they are so near China with regular travel and trade. COVID 19 has impacted everyone irrespective of demography and geography. So to win the battle against it, healthcare should be universal. Ayushman Bharat is one of the step taken by our government in this direction. The question that needs to be asked is can these systems be out to better use during such a crisis. Can the health insurance under such schemes be used for the providing healthcare and loss of wages to poor and wageworkers during such outbreaks. India’s youth: A ray of hope in these times With the demand for a better healthcare system getting more focus, we need to best utilise our resources and prepare ourselves for the future. We need highly skilled and knowledgeable professionals. India is amongst the countries that has the largest talent pool of young scientists, researchers, engineers, doctors etc. Much more than ever before, we need to change our curriculums, which are still more theoretical than based on case studies and experiential training. We must focus on increasing innovation quotient, out-of-box thinking and equipping our future professionals with soft skills to make them industry ready. At UPES, we firmly believe in the importance of exposing our students to an industry like environment where they are given experiential training. The UPES School of Health Sciences has also entered into strategic alliances with Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences and Wockhardt to help students gain hands on industry knowledge Adoption of Technology Given the current situation adoption of technology in the healthcare space has accelerated which could have otherwise taken more time. Integration of the healthcare sector with technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Machine Learning has become imperative. We are witnessing a gradual adoption of these technologies with doctors taking the OPDs virtually through telecalls and video calls during lockdown due to COVID 19. Technology is also helping us in health analytics in a big way to study infections and research for vaccines. The way healthcare is being delivered is changing and as we move fast to keep pace with changing technology, new skills will be required, and our students and future professionals need to be exposed to new age technology advancements. While our fight with COVID 19 is strong and India is moving in the right direction to best curtail the virus, it is also now that we must begin preparing ourselves for the future which is better equipped, safe and sustainable. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16303/what-lies-ahead-for-indian-healthcare.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16303/what-lies-ahead-for-indian-healthcare.html Fri, 24 Apr 2020 10:00:00 +0530 COVID-19, the new coronavirus infection, has spread to 185 countries and regions of the world in 16 short weeks. Data from international financial institutions show that not only human health, the disease is also weakening the global economy. (Earlier this month, the International Monetary Fund said that the world economy could contract by as much as 3% in this financial year. Safe to say that nothing will be the same when we reemerge from this global health crisis. India won’t be spared an economic landslide because of COVID-19, either: the IMF expects growth to slow down to 1.9% here. This, unfortunately, may be the best-case scenario and possible only if the COVID-19 pandemic runs its entire course within this year. The IMF expects heavier losses for the world economy if the new coronavirus infection returns year-after-year, like the seasonal flu. Yet, while the COVID-19 pandemic--and how it pans out--may not be in our control entirely, our response to it can be. As businesses and stakeholders in the country’s economy, there are a few strategic steps that we in the healthcare space can take now to limit the damage and prepare for what India will need next. Here’s a quick look at what we can expect, and do, over the next several months:   Demand will remain suppressed In India, businesses are already reporting lower demand, shrinking order books and drying up cash reserves. A survey conducted by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) in March 2020 with 317 companies showed that more than half (53%) the participants were already seeing losses in their respective businesses. Demand for goods and services, too, has started to shrink: according to the “FICCI Impact of Coronavirus on Indian Businesses” survey, as of March 2020, the pandemic had already shaved 20% off the order books of over 100 companies in the survey. This should not come as a surprise to businesses during the time of COVID-19. Those of us who have worked hard to ensure medicine delivery, enable doctor consultations and innovate medical devices during the lockdown know something about the logistical challenges of doing business now. And the truth is that for the foreseeable future, business-as-usual will just not be possible. The sooner we accept this and work around it, the better our position to land on our feet when all this is over.   Traditional Healthcare industry will come out badly bruised Naturally, healthcare companies will not remain unscathed by this repressed demand, and the overall impact of the lockdown--however long it lasts and in whatever form it continues over the next few weeks and months. Let’s start with what to expect: similar to other industries, certain segments within healthcare may take a hit. Elective procedures and expensive treatments--for example, hair transplants, laser hair removal, even IVF--in short, anything that may be seen as a huge or discretionary expense at this time may be postponed or be taken off the table altogether. Think about it this way, the contraction of the economy will mean that many people’s capacity to pay will go down: they may switch from branded to basic and generic goods and services and ditch the nice-to-haves for now. On the other hand, demand for other services will grow from this. Getting ready to fulfil these brings us to our next point.   Research & develop inhouse for long term This pandemic should serve as a wake-up call for India, to build its own manufacturing capacity in healthcare. Even when international borders start to reopen little by little, logistical issues in importing parts, machines, pharmaceutical ingredients are expected to persist for some time. This is an opportune moment for Indian researchers and manufacturers to step up. As things stand today, we import a lot of our medical devices and other requirements. For example, according to the Department of Pharmaceuticals annual report 2019-20, India imported Rs. 38,948 crore worth of medical equipment (including catheters and other needles, MRI apparatus and artificial joints). We also exported Rs14,867 crore worth of medical devices. In addition to medical devices, we need to start making our own APIs--currently, 70% of these active ingredients for making generic medicines (something India obviously does really well) are imported from China. This balance may have to shift towards more homegrown products now. India, fortunately, has a lot of experience in this. In the 1950s and 1960s, India set up a large base for pharmaceutical manufacturing--Hindustan Antibiotic Ltd and Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd were established during these decades to make APIs and synthetic drugs, respectively. We need to expand on this now. For this, more R&D will be required.   Telemedicine becomes mainstay, clinics & nursing homes need to specialize Last month, the Medical Council of India along with NITI Aayog, India’s apex planning body, issued the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines. Calling out the advantages of telemedicine today, the guidelines said: “Disasters and pandemics pose unique challenges to providing health care. Though telemedicine will not solve them all, it is well suited for scenarios in which medical practitioners can evaluate and manage patients. A telemedicine visit can be conducted without exposing staff to viruses/infections in the times of such outbreaks.” While telemedicine will enable patients in every corner of India to get advice from highly qualified and experienced doctors, it may also have an adverse effect on clinics and smaller hospital set-ups that don’t have a specialty. As more people opt for telemedicine--either because they don’t have a great general physician in their village or town or because they want to minimize the chances of infection by staying out of clinics--these smaller medical establishments will see fewer patients with common complaints like cough and fever. These establishments can prepare for this eventuality, too - either by super-specialising in an area that brings them a steady set of patients, or by offering unique deals and packages, or by becoming part of something bigger. Which brings us to the next point.   Consolidation, Standardisation and Corporatization hold the key to future - We will see consolidation and corporatization in the health sector going forward. Bigger firms may start buying out smaller clinics and hospitals (fewer than 30 beds or so) in multiple cities and towns. From the patient perspective, this could help in standardizing care and ensuring quality. From the healthcare providers’ perspective, consolidation brings all the advantages of reducing overheads and improving facilities at the same time. COVID-19 has posed a unique--and acute--challenge and opportunity to the healthcare sector in India. How we see it and what we do over the next few months (even years) will determine whether we get overwhelmed by it, or rise to the challenge and make sure that as the global economic order changes in the wake of coronavirus infection, Indian healthcare is ready and set to take its rightful place near the top.   Rajat Garg, Co-founder, myupchar.com, New Delhi ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16246/achieving-industry-standard-air-purity-at-a-lower-total-cost-of-ownership-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16246/achieving-industry-standard-air-purity-at-a-lower-total-cost-of-ownership-.html Thu, 16 Apr 2020 17:35:00 +0530 Traditionally, compressed air has had several shortcomings that impacted drug manufacturing and handling, such as high maintenance cost, high risk of contamination and the presence of moisture. Pharmaceutical companies have long believed that quality comes at a price. The industry has struggled to find a balance between the rising costs of operating a plant and maintaining product quality or process efficiency. But in recent years advanced technologies are enabling companies to contain costs without compromising on other critical factors. There is increased realisation now among players across the pharmaceutical value chain of the need to upgrade their systems to newer technologies. Equipment manufacturers have seen a reflection of this in their customers’ buying behaviour. When it comes to compressed air systems, drug manufacturers are investing in ‘Class 0’ oil free compressors that offer lower total lifecycle costs. Companies are also turning to data-driven predictive technology to pre-empt failures and minimise downtime, and air audits to help identify problem areas with a view to optimising air usage and reducing energy consumption. Concerns facing pharmaceutical manufacturing companies The pharmaceutical industry in India has seen rapid growth in the past few decades. Today, more than half the vaccines in the world are made in India; one-fourth of all the medicines consumed in the UK are from India; and 40 per cent of generics in the US are sourced from this country. In all, over 200 countries buy their drugs from India. This year the pharmaceutical industry in India is expected to reach USD 55 billion. But the industry has had a chequered past, with allegations of drug adulteration and poor manufacturing practices often casting a shadow. To remove the spectre of quality issues that looms over the industry, companies have consistently needed to evolve and demonstrate their commitment to quality. The other big concern is escalating production costs at a time of a volatile export market and a heavily price-controlled domestic market. In recent times, the cost of raw materials has risen sharply, with reports of 50-200 percent rise in the price of bulk drugs from China. Considering that over 70 percent of bulk drugs come from China, it has had a significant impact on production costs. Companies need to now turn their attention to optimising processes and improving efficiency even as they keep an incisive focus on product quality. Air quality Air quality is of critical importance in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. More specifically, poor air quality, which does not meet the global compliance requirements of ISO 8573, 1:2010 and ISO 8573-7, can cause a high risk of contamination and moisture. This could result in drug recalls and export bans, thereby damaging the reputation of the company in question. Pharmaceutical plants need clean air across the manufacturing cycle to run applications (process air) and as an ingredient in the product being made (direct air). For example, compressed air is used as a utility in dispensing substances, where air is used to operate vacuums to transfer chemicals from storage containers to the production area. An application where direct air is used as an ingredient in pill-making, is in drying or hardening. Here, the air is sprayed on granules to dry the contents of a pill before it is bound together and shaped into a tablet form. Across these processes, plants must maintain zero tolerance for impurities. Oil free screw compressors are the preferred choice, where there is a separate lubrication system for the gears inside. These machines have an efficient sealing system that prevents the entry of lubricating oil into the compression chamber. Until a few years ago, companies used oil free compressors with ‘Class 1’ oil quality standards, which means the air must have no more than 0.01 mg/m3 of oil residue. To ensure no residual oil, air-borne particulates or vapour entered the system, they used downstream accessories such as air dryers and double line filters to further purify the air. Today, quality sensitive industries such as drug manufacturing and food and beverage use oil free air compressors that deliver ISO:8573 (P-2):2007 ‘Class 0’ oil free air to ensure 100 percent contaminant-free air is used for various applications in their production and packaging processes. However, until recently, these compressors were expensive and were used primarily by large companies and those that exported drugs to markets with stringent standards such as those set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). With the advanced oil free technology in ‘Class 0’ certified compressors, every pharmaceutical manufacturing company is assured of not only 100 percent pure air that meets the most stringent standards but also much higher energy savings and zero downtime. Adopting a proactive approach Internet of Things (IOT) technology offers further opportunities to optimise operating costs. Plants can now get compressors with in-built IOT devices that track key parameters such as operating temperature, pressure, load patterns and energy usage. The manufacturer of an IOT-enabled compressor receives real-time data about the compressor, which is reviewed and analysed continuously by its engineers. If the analysis shows unhealthy deviations in the key parameters, the user receives an automated alert. Real-time alerts help in eliminating breakdowns and service delays, which could lead to expensive downtime. The analysis also provides meaningful insights to the user and the manufacturer on usage patterns for predictive machine failure monitoring. Such pre-emptive care goes a long way in reducing operating costs and prolonging the compressor’s life. Air audits are another way for pharmaceutical companies to reduce high energy costs. The energy efficiency of air compressor systems tends to reduce over time. To retain optimum efficiency, plants need to be proactive in monitoring the performance and energy usage of their compressors. An air audit helps in identifying and fixing any problem areas in the air compressor system, such as arresting leaks, eliminating wasteful use, modifying the pipe design or changing the type of compressor and down line accessories being used. Sometimes, simple factors such as an incorrect compressor size, incorrect positioning of a downstream accessory or poor regulation of pressure can have a big impact on energy consumption. Across plants in India, companies are adopting these solutions, besides upgrading to ‘Class 0’ oil free compressors, to power various applications. In the days ahead, the type of compressor system a pharmaceutical company uses will to a large extent decide how it addresses new market conditions, build a competitive advantage and stay ahead of the curve.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16245/importance-of-technology-in-healthcare-and-its-current-contribution.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16245/importance-of-technology-in-healthcare-and-its-current-contribution.html Thu, 16 Apr 2020 16:30:00 +0530 Much of the current focus in health care is on the immediate challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and rightfully so. Those looking beyond the current crisis are already seeing a major shift in the way we experience health care in the future.  Health care technology such as tele-medicine and the use of geographic data to track disease is already showing promising results and have the potential to become permanent realities. About Cybersight Cybersight is a boundary-pushing, not-for-profit telemedicine initiative founded by Orbis to help mitigate the shortage of skilled eye health professionals in low-and middle-income countries as well as help those in remote areas combat geographic isolation. With advanced online training tools and access to international expert faculty and trainers, Cybersight is equal parts library, school and remote-medicine service. Cybersight is a global platform that helps eye health professionals improve their skills, collaborate on diagnosis and treatment of their patients and connect with a truly global community of practice that includes technicians, nurses, optometrists and ophthalmologists. Cybersight Consult now supports Artificial Intelligence (AI) grading of color fundus images attached to consultation cases.  The system is capable of detecting and visualising glaucoma, macular disease and diabetic retinopathy, This service is available free of charge to eye health professionals in low- and middle-income countries. All content on Cybersight is designed to be accessible to everyone, including people in remote locations, through computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones, even under conditions of low connectivity. The impact created by Cybersight and its relevance in today’s situation Honored with the highest award of the American Telemedicine Association President’s Award for Health Delivery, Quality and Transformation in 2010, Cybersight continues to connect professionals, clinics, hospitals, health systems and NGOs to reduce the global burden of avoidable blindness. Through Cybersight we have been able to train and teach eye health professionals in 183 countries out of the total 195 countries in the world. Besides, over 27,000 patient cases were managed and over 30,000 online courses were completed so far. Few days ago, Cybersight saw its highest ever attendance for a single lecture - 700 people from 96 countries (700 being the maximum that we can host with our current licence). Our previous record was set earlier in the week and stood at 398 for 3 days. It is thanks to our investment in technology and innovation that we can continue to deliver best-in-class training, remotely. And it is great to see so many medical practitioners from around the world committed to learn and gear up for what’s in store for us after the challenge has been overcome. Futuristic vision – How will technology help in times to come The future holds tremendous promise in making universal health coverage a reality by democratizing access to healthcare through the power of technology. In my opinion, focus should be on breaking geographic and socioeconomic boundaries by increasing access to early diagnosis and treatment, improving quality of healthcare and decreasing healthcare cost. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16232/early-consultation-can-go-a-long-way-in-mitigating-the-effects-of-parkinsons-disease-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16232/early-consultation-can-go-a-long-way-in-mitigating-the-effects-of-parkinsons-disease-.html Wed, 15 Apr 2020 17:05:00 +0530 A 54 years-old senior corporate professionals, led a very active normal life and reflected about his achievements in life with quiet satisfaction. Happiness also stemmed from the fact that he had struck a perfect work-life balance. He shared his passion for wildlife photography and an outdoor lifestyle with his wife. Then, around 2 years back, something happened that changed his life forever. He noticed a little clumsiness as he was taking his wallet out of the pocket. He didn’t pay too much attention to this, thinking of it as ‘one of those things which happen’. Over the course of the next month, the diminished dexterity in his right hand not only persisted but was more pronounced. He developed an unfamiliar pain and stiffness in the right shoulder and noticed that he was taking longer than usual to shave, wear his clothes and get ready to work. He then developed a tremor in his right hand which he preferred to hide by keeping the hand in his pocket while interacting with colleagues.  Work-life balance took a hit. He became less interested in routine things such as going out to restaurants. He could not appreciate the flavours of different cuisines that he loved so much earlier. A general sense of fatigue was overpowering him. His wife began to wonder if he was depressed. One day, his wife noticed that his gait had become a little peculiar. He was walking with short steps and not swinging his right hand. He shared the other symptoms with his wife and they decided to consult a neurologist. The Neurologist examined him and told him that he might be having early Parkinson’s disease. The doctor said that while there is no conclusive test to confirm the diagnosis, the combination of symptoms, physical examination and a few investigations would make it very likely. Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurological illness precipitated by the death of brain cells that produce a chemical messenger called dopamine. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease begin when nerve cells in the brain don't produce enough of a brain chemical, called dopamine. It may be genetic sometimes. Essentially it is a disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement often including tremors or shaking. While it seemed the world had fallen apart when the doctor uttered those words, he soon came to terms with it and went along with the advice. As he started taking the prescribed medications along with a regimen of exercise and lifestyle modifications he could feel the energy flowing into him and the zest for a full life return. There are millions of such cases. He is a typical case of a patient with Parkinson’s disease. It is a brain disorder caused by loss of a group of neurons which produce a chemical called dopamine. It affects almost 10 million persons worldwide. While it is more common in those who are above 50 years of age, it can also sometimes affect persons who are younger. Typically people with Parkinson’s disease experience tremor, slowness of movements, limb rigidity, along with gait and balance problems.  These are called motor symptoms. Patients may also have several non-motor symptoms such as mood disorders, difficulty in planning and organizing, sleep difficulty, constipation, lack of ability to smell, and sexual dysfunction. The severity of symptoms and pace of progression of symptoms often varies from one person to another. A combination of medications, some designed to replenish the amount of dopamine in the brain and others to arrest the progression of the disease are often prescribed. They are very effective in the early stages but the neurologist may adjust the doses and introduce new drugs as the disease progresses. If the medications stop working or if adverse effects are bothersome, consideration may be given to advanced modalities of treatment such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Neurologists normally use a medical history and a neurological examination to diagnose it. There is also no cure for PD, but a variety of medications provide dramatic relief from the symptoms. Surgery and DBS can help in severe cases. With DBS, electrodes are surgically implanted in the brain. They send electrical pulses to stimulate the parts of the brain that control movement. Evidence suggests that PD patients may also benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to care.   Early consultation and close interaction with a neurologist can go a long way in mitigating the effects of Parkinson’s disease. Once we understand the nature of the disease and the various effective ways of managing Parkinson’s disease one can pursue their work, hobbies and lead a life full of joy.         ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16180/opportunities-for-pharma-emerging-from-the-corona-crisis.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16180/opportunities-for-pharma-emerging-from-the-corona-crisis.html Thu, 09 Apr 2020 17:10:00 +0530 The onslaught of Covid-19, popularly called the Corona virus, has managed to wreak havoc globally, since its origination in China. It has not only posed a risk to the health of people but has also brought forward an imminent threat to the health of economies across the globe. The spill over effects have seeped into a multitude of industries, by disrupting supply chains and even causing the temporary crippled many businesses. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is no exception to this debilitation as it is highly dependent on imports for both its active pharmaceutical ingredient (APl) and key starting material (KSM) intermediaries. Nevertheless, behind these dark clouds, there might have a silver lining for the future of the Indian pharmaceutical industry; as it adapts to cope with the current exigencies, it is may ready itself to take on a more dominant role in the future. Currently, the biggest challenges on hand for the sector is finding a vaccine for covid-19. Accordingly, pharmaceutical companies have been driven to invest in R&D towards finding an effective solution. These initiatives have been facilitated by the government, with the DCGI (Drugs Controller General of India) has offered several measures to pharma companies for enabling a timely and effective, including fast-track approvals and expedited clinical trial permissions. The presence of this conducive environment with government support will incentivise companies to invigorate their operations to come up with a drug or vaccine.  It also presents the Indian pharma industry with the future opportunity to explore and innovate and claim the first mover’s advantage in the world economy. At the same time, given the lack of testing facilities and equipment in India, companies in the pharma sector are also seizing the opportunity to create fully functional diagnostic kits for testing the presence of the virus in patients. In a recent video conference between the PM, government health officials, bureaucrats and the heads of pharmaceutical associations, payers in the pharma industry were urged to capitalize on this opportunity to increase their scale of production to readily provide medical equipment at nominal rates yet maintain their profit margins. This is another avenue which the industry could look into. Last, but not the least, there lies a massive opportunity for the Indian pharmaceutical industry in the line of intermediate material production. Over the past couple of decades, Indian drug manufacturers were dependent on China for essential elements like APl and KSM for drug formulations. Even though these commodities were available in India, as Chinese imports were far more economical, they obliterated Indian production. With the recent mayhem in the Chinese economy, there was severe disruption in the supply of these consequential ingredients in various pharmaceutical drugs. In light of these events, the government is taking several initiatives including provision of financial incentives for indigenous production of this APIs and KSMs. If companies in the pharma sector swiftly move towards the manufacturing of these commodities, they can capitalize on the opportunity and capture the large market. This will not only improve the profitability of the pharma sector by utilising indigenously produced ingredients at extremely competitive prices but also take forward the vision of ‘Make in India’ and hence attract multifarious incentives and even relocation of global supply chains to the country.    Within the pharmaceutical space, the fast-growing bio-pharma segment has been brought into focus as it urgently uses its skills, technology and resources to find safe, effective diagnostics, treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 patients around the world. Recognising its contribution to the prevention and deep, effective cures for various contagions as well as lifestyle afflictions, the government has been working towards building an ecosystem that comprises education, resources, state-of-the-art technology and mentorship within this sector. All these enabling reforms and rapid responses of domestic players, which have largely emerged due to current crisis, could help catapult the pharma industry into a leading global powerhouse in times to come.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16176/time-for-healthcare-leaders-to-re-orient-healthcare-in-india-post-covid-19.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16176/time-for-healthcare-leaders-to-re-orient-healthcare-in-india-post-covid-19.html Thu, 09 Apr 2020 12:40:00 +0530 There is a cardinal rule in nature: After every storm, wildfire and other disasters, time comes for the sprouting of green shoots. COVID-19 has left the world badly battered and bruised across multiple sectors and silos; it has left nations helpless and ripped its resolve. India is no exception though the virus has had a milder run so far compared to other nations. Another cardinal rule of nature is that disasters do not last for ever; the COVID 19 virus is no exception. It will taper off in months to come. And then there would be a spring of hope, a time for green shoots. This is what India’s healthcare sector should be looking for – life after COVID-19. There is no gainsaying that India’s healthcare sector has been badly shattered and stretched to its seams by the virus. But every dark cloud has a silver lining. Healthcare Sector Leaders should look at converting this Covid Gloom into an Opportunity to service the mankind by bouncing back! What the sector should be looking out for are the silver linings in the dark and ominous COVID-19 cloud. Post COVID 19, there would be plenty of green offshoots. The question now is should we be down in despair or look at the road ahead. Surely, India’s healthcare sector is made of sterner stuff and has the DNA to bounce back with extra vigour. Some of the sectors that would see large opportunities emerging on the horizon are: testing kits, medical consumables, medical devices, pharmaceutical sector and mid-size hospitals, especially in tier two and three cities and rural areas. RAPID Testing Kits throws open a big opportunity for the Medical Devices Industry The biggest opportunity would be in developing rapid testing kits. At present, India is importing these kits from Singapore and other countries. India can easily ramp up its resources to produce these kits indigenously. There is research that shows that COVID-19 may make a comeback later this year. The coronavirus killers so far have been Sars-CoV, Mers-CoV and Sars-CoV-2. Researchers now say that if not COVID-19 making a comeback, there are other viruses waiting in the pipeline to jump from animal hosts to human beings. This makes the case for developing rapid tests more stronger. There is also an opportunity for India’s vast reservoir of IT talent working with biotechnology scientists and researchers to develop smarter rapid testing kits. Some countries are toying with the idea of developing drive-in testing kits with no human interface, except the suspected carrier. With India being at the cusp of IT and BT, such opportunities are there for the asking. Hard-focussed start-ups would have a major role in developing such smart rapid testing kits. Estimates show that India alone would need 1.6 million testing kits in the next two months and there is a huge opportunity for exports. Medical Consumables: Any war against viruses such as COVID-19 needs doctors, nurses and paramedical staff. They are the frontline foot soldiers in the battle against viruses. There is a paramount need to protect the medical community. The COVID-19 virus has exposed nations to the shortage of on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as whole-body protection wear with airline facility, half and full face masks, gloves etc. According to an estimate by the government of India, the next two months would witness a huge spike in the need for about 27 million N95 masks, 15 million PPEs, 1.6 million diagnostic kits.  This was conveyed to industry representatives during a meeting on April 3 of the empowered group of officials on “coordinating with private sector, NGOs and international organisations”, which is headed by the NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant, according to The Indian Express. In this field too technology has a role to play. Apple is designing and producing face shields to protect health workers and medical staff from the novel coronavirus. The first set of Apple-designed face shields were delivered to Kaiser Permanente hospital facilities located in California’s Santa Clara Valley last week. Each shield assembles in less than two minutes and is fully adjustable. Apple plans to ship 1 million face shields by the end of this week, and 1 million per week after that. Start-ups in India can catch the ‘Apple wind’ and design and produce such face shields in a very cost effective manner. Apple has been working closely with health and government officials across the US and this is what should happen in India too. Medical Devices: The war against COVID-19 will see an exponential growth in medical devices. Topping the list is ventilators. According to the government of India, the demand of ventilators has been estimated to be 50,000 by June 2020. Out of these, 16,000 are already available and orders have been placed for 34,000 ventilators. Organisations like the DRDO, the Indian Railways and a few start-ups have designed prototypes ventilator. All that is needed is a slight tweaking and major ramp up to meet the demand in the future. Pharmaceuticals: Developing frontline drugs against Coronaviruses and a vaccine against COVID-19 are the fields that would witness a huge growth. Already pharmaceutical companies have started work in developing a vaccine against COVID-19. And at a time when the battle against COVID is getting tougher, the government should fast-track such initiatives. There has also been a huge worldwide demand for anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine and paracetamol from India. COVID-19 will give an opportunity for the growth of the pharma sector, especially generic drugs. Hospitals: The huge spike in deaths due to COVID-19 world over has been due to lack isolation units and hospital beds. This is what happened in Italy, Spain, UK, New York and other places. It should be noted that the virus will not knock out people. Look at what happened in Italy where it was not the virus that killed thousands of patients but the deluge of patients which overwhelmed the hospitals and forced doctors to decide who should be saved and who should be left to die. Lombardy claims to have one of the most advanced healthcare systems in the world, but they couldn’t ventilate a huge patient load, especially elderly patients with respiratory distress. According to Dr Devi Shetty, if we extrapolate the Lombardy data to a city like Bengaluru, we will have about 16,000 positive patients, 2,400 will need hospitalisation, 2,000 will need ICU care and 1,000 will require ventilators. Are we prepared is the question. A back of the envelope calculation would say that we are ill prepared if we reach the tipping point in the virus spread. Fundamentally, it’s a question of capacity in the healthcare system. And it is here that mid-size hospitals would play a fundamental role in the future, especially in taking the load off the over-stretched hospital in metros and other urban cities. Along with this comes the opportunity to have more doctors, nurses and paramedical staff. But the biggest losers in the COVID rampage would be medical tourism and medical value travel. Here the green shoots will take time to sprout and this time should be utilised to refurbish and enhance the capacity of the sector. Instead of burying our head in despair, the healthcare sector should look ahead and smell the coffee.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16172/prevention-always-better-than-cure-a-move-towards-disease-free-and-healthy-life-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16172/prevention-always-better-than-cure-a-move-towards-disease-free-and-healthy-life-.html Wed, 08 Apr 2020 19:05:00 +0530 There is a common expression that – Prevention is better than cure. This expression has been factually correct for years, inspiring constructive action to address the problem before it is too late. The proverb is most commonly used to encourage people to take proactive health measures; by going for regular tests and checkups to identify any potential infections as early as possible. Today, in urban India, healthcare has taken a backseat mainly due to our hectic schedules and a fast-paced lifestyle. Surviving the daily 'hustle and bustle' is a task for any professional and often leads to self-neglect; making them prone to a range of health issues including high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease and sometimes even cancer. As per a recent report by RedSeer, the preventive healthcare market, currently estimated to be at $55 billion, is expected to touch $100 billion by 2022. This growth can be attributed to factors such as increasing cases of overweight, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases and undernourishment. ‘World Health Day’ is aimed at raising awareness about the importance of prevention, detection and treatment. Over the last 50 years, it has highlighted the cause of non-communicable diseases due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating patterns. This day marks the activities that extend beyond the day itself and serves as an opportunity to focus worldwide attention on these important aspects of global health. Understanding the importance of timely screening for prevention is critical towards early diagnosis and treatment. The healthcare players like us are moving towards the direction of the higher user, patient empowerment and better patient engagement models. Preventive healthcare strategies are described as taking place at the primal, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. The primordial level of prevention is a population health approach characterized as the actions that are taken to prevent future hazards to health and to decrease those factors, which are known to increase the risks of disease. Primary prevention prevents the onset of chronic disease by reducing risk factors for development. Followed by Secondary prevention, which involves the detection and treatment of pre-clinical changes. Lastly, Tertiary prevention that focuses on reversing, arresting or delaying disease is solely in the clinical realm. With some small yet effective lifestyle changes can easily improve one’s health. Healthy changes such as integrating physical activity and movement into one’s life, eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains along with choosing smaller portions of meals has helped in gaining maximum transformation in improving the well-being of people all over the world.  With various developments and innovations in treatment, India still holds a high rise from these diseases affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices. Keeping in mind its effects, government and many healthcare leaders are not only providing best-in-class medical treatments but are also educating and create the much-needed awareness around it. The main goal of preventive healthcare is to help people set short-term self-preservation targets and focus on their wellbeing. This World Health Day lets encourage your friends and family to get full-body health check-up to diagnose yourself in time and ensure yourself a timely treatment. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16171/ayurveda-spoke-of-epidemics-in-great-details-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16171/ayurveda-spoke-of-epidemics-in-great-details-.html Wed, 08 Apr 2020 19:00:00 +0530 In these difficult times, and on the occasion of a poignant World Health Day, Jiva Ayurveda stands together with the entire AYUSH fraternity and healthcare professionals from all walks of life. The role of the police and defence personnel is also laudatory. Without them the lockdown would not have been effective. Jiva Ayurveda is urging people to avoid crowded places such as OPDs, if avoidable, and take benefit of tele-consultations via video and phone. Ayurveda spoke of epidemics in great details. Acharya Chakrapani spoke of simultaneous and widespread manifestation of disease with the same set of symptoms throughout a community. The Ayurvedic term for an epidemic is Janapadodhwansa Roga and has been described to be caused by Abhisyangaja, which means spread by pathogens because of unhygienic conditions. Vitiation of Vayu (air), Jala (water), Desh (geographic location) & Kala (season) leads to mass-level infections. Acharya Charak describes two causative factors of epidemic: Niyata Hetu (inevitable factors caused by forces of nature) and Aniyata Hetu (avoidable factors such as pathogens, acts of terrorism, or war). Acharya Sushruta has also written about the epidemiological aspects of microorganisms. He describes the modes of transmission as Gatrasansparsat (physical contact) and Nihsvasat (expelled air) and Saha Bhojanata (using same utensils). The only way to prevent widespread infections is to prevent the modes of transmission by staying indoors and following respiratory hygiene guidelines recommended by the WHO.       ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16143/need-for-online-training-of-doctors-and-medical-staff-to-fight-coronavirus.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16143/need-for-online-training-of-doctors-and-medical-staff-to-fight-coronavirus.html Tue, 07 Apr 2020 11:10:00 +0530 The number of confirmed cases in India is now doubling in five days or less, down from six days earlier this month. This puts India in line with trajectories of countries across the world — in the United States, cases are now doubling every two days.  Despite the population being tripled, the overall doctor population ratio in India is still 1:1800. Moreover, around one-third of India's population lives in rural areas. There is a wide gap between rural and urban India with respect to technology, living condition, economic empowerment etc. When the prime minister went on air to advise the public to practise social distancing, he also talked about expressing gratitude towards healthcare workers, who are on the front lines at such a critical time. However, we also need to talk about the fact that we do not have enough trained medical staff to handle the situation in the event of an outbreak. While the task force designated to assess the impact of the pandemic on the economy is a welcome move, it should also be accompanied with an increase in spending to train public health workers to treat mild and severe cases of patients infected by the coronavirus. They must be taught to protect themselves, including the right use of protective gear and the right use of equipment for both invasive and non-invasive treatment. Treatment rooms must be equipped with high-power exhaust fans to ensure good circulation, which is important for both patients and medical staff. It is equally important to know how to track cases within close contacts, and to do that healthcare worker must coordinate with the police and transportation departments with the help of the government. Thus, the need of the hour is to prepare and train the doctors of rural areas for this and Anganwadi workers to ensure that the virus doesn't reach our roots, otherwise it may cause more than 30,000 deaths in India by June. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16090/addressing-the-superbug-concern-phage-therapy-could-beat-drug-resistant-illnesses.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16090/addressing-the-superbug-concern-phage-therapy-could-beat-drug-resistant-illnesses.html Wed, 01 Apr 2020 11:45:00 +0530 In 2008, a superbug caught from a New Delhi hospital claimed the life of a Swedish patient.  British scientists who found this "superbug" in New Delhi's public water supply, named it New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 after the Indian capital, causing much hue and cry in India. The drug resistant gene including its new variants has since been found in over 100 countries including in one of the last "pristine" places on Earth -- a Norwegian archipelago close to the North Pole! The spread of this superbug that was found to be resistant to all available antibiotics on Earth is a distressing sign. One of the leading healthcare challenges of our times is the emergence of “superbugs” which are nearly impossible to treat. These ‘superbugs’ or drug-resistant micro-organisms are claiming an increasing number of lives every year. If the superbug threat is not dealt with, the deaths from drug-resistant infections could increase to a whopping 10 million every year by 2050 from around 700,000 currently. In fact, medical researchers have pointed out that the burden of such resistant infections is comparable to that of tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and influenza put together. This has prompted researchers and medical experts to look for viable alternative treatments and has elicited fresh interest in an age-old intelligence, called phage therapy. Can Phage Therapy be the potential answer? Bacteriophages also called phages are bacteria-attacking microorganisms that devour selected bacteria without causing any harm to the host. Phages are all around us on our hands, our eyelids, animal intestines as well as in the soil but they don’t hurt us.  They are natural organism made up on only genetic material namely DNA and RNA plus protein.  Microbiologist Félix Hubert d’Herelle identified and explained the role bacteriophages can play in treating bacterial infections way back in 1917. He identified phages as virus-like organisms that could kill bacteria without any harmful effects and also coined the term “phage therapy”. However, the discovery of antibiotics put to rest any research or interest in phages. As bacteria evolve and develop resistance to existing antibiotics, the superbug concern has once again ignited research and experiment in phages. In fact, apart from treating bacterial infections, phages can also make our food supply safer. Phage researchers today also have the technological tools needed to rapidly analyze the genomes of bacteria and phages, and find effective treatment pathways. In 2019, a 62 year old man in Minnesota was told by his doctors that he would have to have his leg amputated after over 10 years of failed treatments including multiple antibiotics and 17 surgeries to cure a stubborn infection. However, in his quest to find potential alternative treatment, led him to an organization that specialized in treating with phages. The man became the 14th person worldwide to be treated with phage therapy and ended up getting rid of his chronic infection. Phage Therapy in rearing healthy poultry Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India today. While the production of agricultural crops has been rising at a rate of 1.5 to 2 percent per annum that of eggs and broilers has been rising at a rate of 8 to 10 percent per annum. As a result, India is now the world's fifth largest egg producer and the eighteenth largest producer of broilers.  Nonetheless the bigger question is whether or not they are fit for consumption. In a recently concluded study it was established that most of the antibiotics being used in the poultry and aquaculture industry for farmed animals are increasingly losing their activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, the use of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry has been linked to the development of resistant bacteria. If not kept in check use of antibiotics during poultry production can threaten the safety of such products through microbial residues as well as help spread microbial resistance. This has prompted many countries to withdraw antibiotics from being used in animal production as well as set up regulatory authorities for selected antibiotics as well encourage the use of bacteriophages. This is largely because phages are safe as they are only able to infect bacterial cells not human or animal cells. Without the presence of their bacterial host they become inactive within 48 hours. Phages when consumed as part of animal feed keep the animals safe from bacterial infections. Moreover, they also do not damage the beneficial micro biome balance in animals. Phage therapy is now emerging as a useful tool in controlling bacterial infections among poultry while also encouraging growth of healthy poultry. How we Identify and use Phages Proteon Pharmaceuticals, one of the pioneering organizations working to introduce phage therapy in animal husbandry, has the most advanced Artificial Intelligence-supported technology to determine whether phages are lytic or not. When dealing with phages it is important that only lytic phages are used in animal health. This is because lysogenic phages are dormant and embed themselves in the bacterial cell wall to live off it without destroying it. On the other hand Lytic phages cause lysis which is destruction of the bacteria. Protean produces phage-based feed additives for destruction and prevention of bacterial infection in farmed animals. These feed additives when administered prophylactically help prevent infection in poultry and can also therapeutically reduce preexisting infections such as Salmonella. Furthermore, given to poultry mixed with water, it is easy to apply and use. Its results are scientifically verified and based upon well-understood mechanisms of action, meaning that it works reliably across diverse farm environments. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16075/understanding-the-medical-devices-market-key-to-building-a-strong-foundation.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16075/understanding-the-medical-devices-market-key-to-building-a-strong-foundation.html Tue, 31 Mar 2020 12:35:00 +0530 According to the International Monetary Fund, developing nations including India, Brazil, Mexico and China accounted for more than 60% of the global GDP. With huge internet penetration and a rising middle class, these regions have come to represent a relatively underserved market which holds immense potential for the medical devices industry. Fuelled by drivers including a rapidly ageing population, the demand for quality and affordable healthcare is becoming more pronounced and is pushing the healthcare industry towards some impending transformational changes. Local companies with a remarkable acumen for innovation and R&D are focussed on bringing down manufacturing costs by making use of indigenous materials. The changing dynamics of healthcare industry The global medical device industry is transitioning from a transaction-based model to a highly cost-efficient and innovative consumer-oriented model that is reaping on technology base. However, as established markets in the US and Europe face a slump, developing economies are evolving into powerful prospective markets. Despite the fact that changing healthcare dynamics and the emergence of new standards and regulations pushing the market towards increasing complexity and competitiveness, it is growing quickly. Diagnostic imaging, which is the largest segment in the Indian medical devices market, is estimated to bring in more than $ 2.47 billion in the form of revenues in this year alone. Other segments, such as patient monitoring, ECG machines, defibrillators, prosthetic limbs and implants, are jointly expected to reach $1.98 billion by the end of 2020. A growing tech savvy audience is creating a demand for more sophisticated medical devices taking the market towards greater price sensitivity. As a result, local industries are rising up to meet this demand, with ambitious, new low-cost designs using cutting-edge technologies.  Also, device makers are coming up with new ways to edge out competition in this highly volatile ecosystem. The recent price capping initiative by Government of India has also given the much-needed impetus to indigenous players operating in this space. This will give further impetus to home grown technology and innovation while effectively barring foreign companies who sell their FDA-approved products at premium prices from monopolising the Indian market. Meeting the challenges Learning from other industries, device manufacturers are giving more importance to minute details at various stages of product design, development and implementation with more increased focus on eliminating excess cost wherever possible. This is an effective approach in order to gain flexibility and profitability in a cash-strapped, price conscious market like India.  However, for long term sustainability and success, local players require an impactful implementation strategy that can address a broad spectrum of customer needs. Apart from cost reduction, this challenging environment also requires companies to streamline their processes, and bring in more innovation to capture evolving market requirements. Some key challenges that the industry needs to address in this uncertain and unregulated environment include: Maintaining highest product quality standards Evaluating new products based on patient experience to enhance efficiency in healthcare delivery Warranting a supportive regulatory framework to harbour growth through government support Promoting indigenously manufactured affordable medical devices The way forward Increasing digitalization and technology adoption in healthcare has led to opening up of many new avenues. From advancing medical testing, diagnostics and surgical procedures to expanding the outreach of healthcare delivery through telemedicine, medical technology has revolutionized the existing healthcare infrastructure in the country. India, has indeed emerged as a potential market, and continues to grow at par with global standards. It is poised to be the next global hub for innovation. And the only way to optimise innovation in such robust and emerging markets is to start from scratch and execute a detailed study of product design, while looking out for potential opportunities. With this in mind, companies manufacturing medical devices need to plan for Impactful product innovation with a focus on suitability and sustainability in emerging markets Understand the local technology landscape, regulations, and market design. Develop pricing and business models based on tried and tested methods. The future depends on the pace and extent of change absorption in the industry. While the Modi Government’s Make in India campaign is an excellent step in this direction, its impact on building a truly affordable and accessible healthcare system depends on its effective and efficient implementation. While R&D and innovation is already under way, there is also a need to ensure single-window access to registration, patent, and trademarking in the sector. A collaborative approach towards industry transformation with systematic and impactful local innovation will help in making India a global hub for quality medical device manufacturing.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16039/covid-19-pregnant-woman-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/16039/covid-19-pregnant-woman-.html Thu, 26 Mar 2020 17:40:00 +0530 It is one of the biggest concern for experts that could the COVID19 affect that pregnant woman and can it infect the unborn child?  “Presently there is no evidence of the virus being transmitted in the womb.  However, there is a huge risk immediately after baby being born.  Pregnant women are more susceptible to flu viruses in general as their immunity is low; they need more oxygen as their lungs are compressed.  However this is not the case with COVID19, more men have been affected than women till now”, informs Dr Archana Dhawan Bajaj However, it is important for Pregnant women to protect themselves and others by taking simple steps: Be at home and avoid people who are sick Wash hands with soap often and keep them sanitized Avoid large social meetings/gatherings, even home functions Do not travel overseas Immediately contact physician if you observe any kind of flu symptoms Breastfeed is very effective against infectious diseases as it transmits antibodies and offers important immunity to the newly born, hence at the time of birth, if the mother is too ill, then she should be assisted with breast milk extraction, added Dr Archana Dhawan Bajaj For the women who have COVID19, WHO recommends: They should wash their hands before and after contact with the baby Use a medical mask when near the baby if you have symptoms of coughing Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces they may have touched It is advised to get Flu vaccination, it will not protect you from COVID19 but you can be protected from flu, which can be very difficult for pregnant women.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16020/telehealth-facilities-must-be-leveraged-to-the-fullest-coronavirus-pandemic.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16020/telehealth-facilities-must-be-leveraged-to-the-fullest-coronavirus-pandemic.html Wed, 25 Mar 2020 12:10:00 +0530 The COVID 19 outbreak has brought a large part of the world to a standstill, forcing people to find remote ways of performing their daily tasks. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was said to be “tele-governing” the country in quarantine after his wife tested positive for the virus. As remote working is adopted on a large scale and workplaces open work from home alternatives in an unprecedented way, remote healthcare is another area whose use is surging. World over, healthcare systems have reported an increase in patients opting for the telehealth route to access physician consultations. Healthcare organizations are expanding the use of telehealth to safely screen and treat patients for coronavirus, and in doing so are trying to contain the spread of infection. In the US, many AI-based telehealth services providers have reported a significant jump in the volume of virtual visits ever since the coronavirus scare caught the country. In his bid to promote the use of telehealth, US President Donald Trump announced that his administration is waiving some federal rules to make it easier for more doctors to provide care remotely using video chats and other services. At Apollo TeleHealth, we have witnessed a 100% surge in patients’ footfalls from top Tier cities over the past few days. Our telehealth centres are screening patients and offering them consultation and advice through video links. Mainstreaming telehealth to tackle a public health crisis Globally, as healthcare systems stand overburdened and overwhelmed by the sheer scale of the pandemic, conventional healthcare is finding it impossible to address the disaster. With hospital beds and ICUs grossly insufficient, doctors in severely-hit countries are having to choose which patient to treat and which to ‘let die’ based on the chances of their survival. In India, where healthcare systems are already overburdened, a large outbreak will spell further disaster. It is important therefore to act timely to leverage the use of alternative processes like telehealth and turn them from stop-gap arrangements to the mainstream interventions. The COVID 19 pandemic will go down in history as a turning point in the journey of telehealth, given the fact that it is the first time that the use of telehealth is being co-opted on a large scale to address a public health crisis. Telehealth will act as a major cog in the wheel of effective coronavirus management and containment. Treating home quarantined patients and containing the spread From testing to treating to isolating, our healthcare resources are scarce for every part of the treatment process for COVID 19. All people with symptoms can neither be tested immediately, not all of them can be admitted to hospitals. Similarly, administered quarantine facilities will also turn grossly insufficient once cases spiral to stage II. Therefore, keeping as many sick people as possible out of hospitals is a major component of managing the coronavirus. Across the world, most infected people with mild to moderate symptoms have been asked to self-quarantine themselves at home while hospitals are taking in only the seriously ill patients needing artificial respiratory support. This is where telehealth services will have to be leveraged in a major way in monitoring and advising such people. The governments in partnership with private players must actively endorse and advertise telehealth helplines and encourage people to seek consultations through the remote mechanism. If every individual with a fever or a cough rushes to a hospital or clinic, it may wreak havoc on the healthcare system. Moreover, a number of these patients may be suffering from just the seasonal flu. Taking the telehealth route will help in filtering and shortlisting the most serious patients who need hospitalization. Doctors can check the symptoms in patients through teleconferencing and advise them about medication; precautions, as well as tests, required and refer them to a healthcare facility in case their symptoms aggravate. Arrangements must also be made for pathologists to be able to collect samples from home. Addressing other health issues remotely At a time when all healthcare resources have been consumed in addressing the coronavirus threat, a large number of patients with other health conditions, be it chronic diseases or acute conditions requiring medical help are at loss. Not only is their lack of resources to address their needs, but they also face the risk of contracting the dreaded infection while travelling to clinics and hospitals. Telehealth is a safe and effective route for this group of patients as well. Telehealth providers and hospitals must make specialists in different domains available to patients through telehealth services. This will ensure that patients with other health conditions requiring medical support are not ignored.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16006/why-insurance-cover-is-a-big-win-for-patients-in-the-fight-against-obesity.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16006/why-insurance-cover-is-a-big-win-for-patients-in-the-fight-against-obesity.html Mon, 23 Mar 2020 14:25:00 +0530 Obesity has reached epidemic proportion across the world; research studies have shown that worldwide almost 2.8 million deaths are reported as a result of being overweight or obese. In India, more than 13.5 crore individuals are affected by obesity. In fact, study from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 2015 suggested that prevalence rate of obesity varies from 12% to 31%. Despite the high prevalence of obesity in India, there is very limited understanding of how to tackle it and worse still there is significant stigma attached to it. Tackling obesity may require more than just healthy eating, exercise and lifestyle modifications. Lack of insurance coverage, high treatment costs and lack of understanding about “Obesity as a chronic disease” have traditionally been barriers to seek the right treatment in India. Obesity is a disease and not a mere cosmetic issue It is a complex multifactorial disease caused by many factors such as metabolic, genetic, and hormonal conditions. The effective means of managing obesity is sustained weight loss with the help of medical expert. There are numerous studies which indicate that people who are morbidly obese (> 35 BMI) are prone to serious health conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes, infertility & PCOS, certain types of cancers and sleep apnea. Studies have established the link of obesity and cancer and further studies are ongoing. Many patients try numerous unscientific and non-evidence techniques for weight loss, and this often leads to detrimental effects. While exercise and diet modification is critical - for most morbidly obese patient’s lifestyle modifications and exercise are insufficient and they often need more active interventions. For patients over BMI 40 and BMI over 35 with co-morbidities such as diabetes, Hypertension and sleep-apnea - weight loss surgery or Bariatric surgery is a proven and effective option. And with insurance cover now, it’s a welcome move for those in need of medical intervention.  Even government of India has taken a serious measure note of this epidemic and has ensured strong measures to help those suffering from obesity through various initiatives such as Ayushman Bharat, #FitIndiaMovement etc. With increased awareness and demand, in October 2019, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) made a much-needed move in issuing a circular which said Bariatric surgery will now be covered under insurance by standardizing exclusions beginning October 2020, potentially benefitting many patients in need. To fight this epidemic, #IndiaFightsObesity campaign has created a movement to build public awareness on managing this disease. This four-year-old campaign has played a pivotal role in driving awareness about Obesity and the related comorbidities, as well as fight the stigma and myths around it.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16005/antibiotic-resistance-against-h-pylori-a-burning-problem-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/16005/antibiotic-resistance-against-h-pylori-a-burning-problem-.html Mon, 23 Mar 2020 14:00:00 +0530 Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacteria infecting one half of the world’s population and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many gastro-intestinal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Eradication of the H. pylori is the only way to cure several gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases caused by H. pylori infection. Treatment for the H. pylori infection is patients for 10–14 days. The eradication rate of H. pylori decreases with the emergence of the strains resistant towards the antibiotics. Resistance to the most frequently used antibiotics such as Metronidazole (10%–90%), Clarithromycin (0%–15%) and Amoxicillin (0%–1%) has been shown to be variable and dissimilar in different regions within the country. Among all antibiotics Clarithromycin is a key antibiotic for the treatment regime because of its low resistance rate as compared to other antibiotics, and it is also better absorbed in the gastric mucosa, and more stable at lower pH. However, if the resistance toward CLR is higher than 15%–20% then it causes major obstacle in the eradication of H. pylori and an urgent need for an alternative therapy is required for the anti-h.pylori treatment. Drug resistant h.pylori has been designated by WHO (World Health Organization) as one the most dangerous problems of the 21st century. In India, the high rate of clarithromycin resistance was observed in Mumbai with 91%, Hyderabad (26%), Gujarat (58.85%) and Delhi (11.8%), whereas Kolkata strains showed 0% resistance towards CLR. Levofloxacin (LEV) is another drug of choice for the eradication of H. pylori used as a second-line therapy in other countries. LEV is a levorotary isomer of ofloxacin with known broad activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.[10] The H. pylori strains isolated from India and Bangladesh showed the emerging LEV resistance due to the mutation in gyraseA gene of H. pylori at amino acid position 87 asparagine to lysine (N87K), at 88 alanine to valine (A88V) and at 91 position aspartic acid to glycine/asparagine/tyrosine (D91G/N/Y). The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence is the most common method used for the molecular study of the phylogeny of bacteria, but in H. pylori other genes such as 23S rRNA, ureB and gyraseB have been used in phylogenetic studies. Currently, there are no such studies referred from India on the phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence of 23S rRNA and gyraseA gene of H. pylori. We did a study to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for clarithromycin and levofloxacin and find the evolutionary relationship of the partial sequence of 23S rRNA and gyraseA gene of H. pylori by phylogenetic analysis. A total of 46 H. pylori strains were tested for clarithromycin and levofloxacin susceptibility pattern and phylogenetic tree were reconstructed by a specialized PhyML software. In this study, we observed that only 6.5% of North-East Indian H. pylori strains were resistant for clarithromycin showing mutation at A2143G and T2182C positions of 23S rRNA gene. Resistance for levofloxacin was observed in 89.1% of the H. pylori strains showing mutations at asparagine to lysine at 87 and aspartic acid to glycine/tyrosine/asparagine at 91 positions of gyraseA gene. The phylogenetic tree of the partial sequence of 23S rRNA and gyraseA gene depicts that the North-East Indian strains falls in different cluster when compared to other countries. We concluded that the resistance for clarithromycin was less in North-East Indian strains but high for levofloxacin indicating that first-line therapy may be best and effective for eradication of H. pylori in this region. This study is the first report that showed antibiotic susceptibility pattern for clarithromycin and levofloxacin by mutation analysis. By partial sequencing of 23s rRNA and gyraseA gene, we found that North-East Indian strains are geographically distinct.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/15962/colorectal-cancer-is-curable-if-people-are-careful.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/15962/colorectal-cancer-is-curable-if-people-are-careful.html Mon, 16 Mar 2020 14:30:00 +0530 When the growth of polyps in the inner lining of the large intestine becomes abnormally high, it leads to the formation of cancer in the colon or rectum. Though the rate of colorectal cancer in India is relatively lower than in other countries, a significant section of the population is vulnerable to this disease due to a variety of untoward changes in people’s lifestyle. Common symptoms The frequent and uncontrollable urge of bowel movement, blood and pain, while passing the stool, recurrent diarrhoea, constipation for a prolonged period, and unexplained weight loss are some of the early signs of colorectal cancer. Thankfully, cancer care and treatment for colorectal cancer are now available in the country, but a lack of awareness among the population is a big challenge that India is facing. Ignorance is never bliss and too much inclination towards unhealthy food habits and lifestyle leads to lifetime risks of colorectal cancer in both men and women. If colorectal polyps are removed before they develop into cancerous tumours, the chances of curing the cancer increase to the manifold. As most of the symptoms are common in case of piles and chronic diarrhoea, self-diagnosis and self-treatment from homemade medicines or contacting pseudo doctors can only aggravate the problem. One of the researches done BMJ also confirms that self-diagnosis and inappropriate treatment can be more challenging than the disease itself. After experiencing any of the health complication mentioned above, one should always go for screening in a reputed laboratory or diagnostic centre. And, once the report shows a positive case, the patient must seek the help of a qualified and experienced oncologist. There is no need to be panic as there are a number of specialised hospitals all over the country. Hence, for a painless and fearless life, timely screening and detection is a must.   Apparent causes Studies are going on for decades; still, medical science has not reached any concrete conclusion that what is the exact cause for colorectal cancer in human beings. The majority of the doctors all over the world believe that it happens when healthy cells in the colon experience some changes (mutations) in their DNA. In a healthy person, cells grow and divide at a definite pace and in a subsequent order to ensure the proper functioning of all the organs in the human body. The problem arises when a cell's DNA got damaged by mutation and cells continue to divide, and this result in the formation and growth of a tumour. Experts also claim that rapid urbanisation and sedentary lifestyle are primarily responsible for the unwanted mutations in genes in human DNA. Risk factors According to GLOBOCAN data, in 2018, deaths resulted from cancer were 7, 84,821 while 22, 58,208 were struggling bravely with this fatal disease. Hardly 20 per cent people are aware of the truth that severe and chronic constipation, which people tend to treat by self, can trigger colorectal and gastrointestinal cancer. Also, it cannot be ignored that 22 per cent of adults in India are suffering from acute constipation. At the stage one of any cancer, the patient does not even realise any noticeable change in his/her body, but they only come to know after entering into stage four of the cancer when the body becomes quite unresponsive to the medications and treatments. Types of treatments Early diagnosis is always considered a breakthrough in the treatment of any sort of cancer, including the colorectal cancer. In comparison to other digestive cancers like gastric or pancreatic, the chances of recovery are always better in colorectal cancer if diagnosed and treated timely. Colonoscopy, imaging scans, barium enema X-ray, and flexible sigmoidoscopy are the proven ways of detecting colorectal cancer, and as far as its treatment is concerned it depends on the level or stage of the cancer. After making the right diagnosis an oncologist may have various treatment options such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, drug treatments, and surgical removal of the tumour. Only a qualified oncologist knows that which therapy will be more effective and cause least side effects after recovery.   Apart from this, it must be kept in mind that in many cases one or two screening is not enough. Many times, in diseases like cancer, the true report comes after three or four screenings and primary care consultations. Hereby, the importance of preventive health care is very much imperative to deal with colorectal cancer and required sufficient health checkups and screenings at regular intervals. Remember, cancer is curable but people should fight with it scientifically, i.e., through advanced diagnostics, proper treatment, and complete awareness.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15945/is-snus-a-reduced-risk-alternative-for-better-public-health.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15945/is-snus-a-reduced-risk-alternative-for-better-public-health.html Thu, 12 Mar 2020 12:30:00 +0530 There is no denial when we say that “tobacco products are harmful. Be it smoking cigarettes or chewing traditional smokeless tobacco products like khaini, mishri or ghutka, tobacco products are detrimental to one’s health and lead to chronic conditions. Cutting through the noise, the research in tobacco has regarded Snus as a reduced risk product as compared to the traditional tobacco products available in the market. Use of snus is considered to have fewer health risks than smoking, and complete switching from cigarettes to snus is associated with demonstrated decreases in morbidity and mortality due to lung cancer, respiratory disease, heart disease, and oral cancer compared to continued smoking. Although, the lower risks associated with snus is not well understood for the betterment of public health. Science of snus Originated 153 years ago in Sweden, Snus is a smokeless, spitless tobacco product placed in the upper lip. The manufacturing of the snus involves tobacco pasteurization which removes or reduces nitrite-forming microbes, resulting in less tobacco-specific nitrosamine content in the product. They are usually available as fine-cut loose tobacco or in pre-portioned porous “pouches” for commercial use. Studies have suggested that snus is potentially less harmful than traditional tobacco and thus making it an aid for smoking cessation or an alternative to continued cigarette consumption. According to a recent FDA reports, the use of Snus instead of cigarettes puts users at a lower risk of mouth cancer, heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. The modified risk status classifies Snus as a tobacco product that is sold or distributed for use to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease associated with commercially marketed tobacco products. Snus over conventional ways of consuming tobacco Researchers have shown that the harm conferred by a range of different nicotine and tobacco products is higher than Snus which is estimated to confer only 5% of the harm of cigarettes. According to them, snus reduces the chances of getting cancer by 90 percent as compared to a smoker. As there is no combustion when snus is consumed, carcinogenic constituents that lead to cancer aren’t present. In fact, smokeless tobacco products that are available in dip and chew format contain high tobacco-specific nitrosamines due to the fermentation of the tobacco, unlike snus that doesn't present a risk of oral or other head cancers.  The advancement in production and processing techniques of snus has decreased the levels of several harmful constituents. The Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks concluded that snus use reduced the risk close to 100% for respiratory disease and at least 50% for cardiovascular disease as compared to cigarette smoking. To give an example, the popularity of snus in Sweden has sky-rocketed. They have replaced conventional cigarettes with low harm snus. Due to this less-harmful trend, the country was able to post the lowest rate of lung cancer as compared to any other country of Europe. Evaluating risks perceptions It is a fact that no tobacco product including snus is completely harmless which is why youth and non-tobacco users are not recommended to use snus in the first place. The consumption of snus has to treated as a reduced risk product to help adult tobacco users decrease the harm caused by cigarettes and other smokeless tobacco products like khaini and ghutka. If the information related to snus is effectively communicated without promoting any misconceptions then snus can help and motivate cigarette smokers to quit or switch to a better alternative thereby benefiting the public health. Snus, if consumed in a particular specified quantity can act as an instrument for tobacco harm reduction to reduce the health risks associated with smoking to individuals and the wider society. Making an Impact The use of tobacco products in India isn’t something new. 80% of global users of tobacco products live in the South-East Asia region. Despite this, not much research work has been done to inform about the use of low-harm products which can serve as replacements for smoking and smokeless tobacco products. In India, an estimated 3,68,127 deaths (217,076 women and 151,051 men) were attributable to the use of smokeless tobacco in 2010. This is specifically why there is an urgent need for a scientific approach to this problem. New studies into snus must be conducted and based on the findings businesses must be incentivized to reduce risks and penalized for producing excessively damaging tobacco products. With snus, tobacco users can be empowered with a reduced risk product relative to cigarettes. Snus as an alternative to cigarettes has the potential to deliver enormous harm reduction benefits as demonstrated in Sweden, particularly in reducing the incidence of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease of which smoking is a known cause, where the product can be marketed and sold to adult smokers widely. In light of this situation, India must also provide a scientific basis for the legislation of snus. Such a strategy will support innovation and research in harm reduction and thereby, address public health concerns ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15927/achieve-gender-equality-in-this-generation.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15927/achieve-gender-equality-in-this-generation.html Mon, 09 Mar 2020 09:50:00 +0530 Achieving gender equality is everyone’s business, including the health sector’s. Health authorities across the WHO South-East Asia Region must be a force for change and take the opportunity to lead. On this year’s International Women’s Day, which marks 25 years since the path-breaking Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, we must redouble our efforts and accelerate progress towards gender equality in this generation. This year’s theme – I am Generation Equality: Realizing Women’s Rights – is of special significance to the health sector for three key reasons. First, gender inequality is closely linked to health. Gender inequalities systematically determine health risks, access to services and health outcomes. For example, whether a woman can access skilled assistance during childbirth significantly depends on where she lives, her education level and household income, which are themselves mediated by her gender. The Region’s relatively high maternal mortality underscores women’s continuing disadvantage and the need for health systems to deliver evidence-based solutions. Second, the call to achieve gender equality highlights the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on gender equality and its relevance for other goals, including the health goal. It recognizes that gender inequality spans generations, starting before birth and continuing into infancy, through childhood, adolescence, adulthood and older ages. It is for this reason that WHO takes a life-cycle approach to building gender-responsive health systems and programmes, which it is supporting all countries to adopt and implement. Third, realizing women’s rights includes their right to health. Respecting, protecting and promoting the right to health requires us to end all forms of discrimination against women and girls. This is aligned with the SDG target on universal health coverage, which is also one of the Region’s eight Flagship Priorities. To achieve UHC, all health systems must cater to the full range of women’s health needs, not only maternal needs. We must remove all barriers that women and girls face when seeking care, whether social, economic, legal or health system-related. We must also end gender-based violence, a grievous and widespread human rights violation, which limits women’s equal participation in education and economic, political and civic life. Progress on gender equality is especially needed in the WHO South-East Asia Region. The highest any country in the Region ranked on the 2019 UNDP Gender Inequality Index, which ranks 189 countries, is 81st. The lowest is 129th. Though Member States have made significant advances in recent years, they must accelerate progress: At the present rate of progress, estimates suggest it will take the world almost 100 years to close the gender gap. On International Women’s Day, WHO reiterates its commitment to supporting countries in the Region to identify and implement policies that promote gender equality in the health sector and beyond. Together we must drive faster and more enduring gains for women and girls across our Region, and across the world. A more gender-equal world is possible. This generation must achieve it. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15926/women-leaders-changing-the-dynamics-of-corporate-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15926/women-leaders-changing-the-dynamics-of-corporate-.html Sun, 08 Mar 2020 12:35:00 +0530 Women leadership still remains a universal issue and a topic of debate although we are now more aware of the need to have women at leadership roles and also at the board level. Thankfully, India is one of the first developing countries to have enforced a quota-- Legally we need to have at least one women director on the board of listed companies. Also, Female representation has increased to 13% from 5% in the NIFTY Companies. But clearly more needs to be done and every stake holder has to take the ownership and more importantly the WOMEN herself has to come forward and take control! Swami Vivekananda once said “Women education and the empowerment are not in the hands of others, the powers are inherently present in the women”. We need to provide gender equality in education, in recruitment, in job responsibilities, in work environment and companies need to embrace the diversity and should put in place the systems and processes which will end discriminatory practices and create an environment which allows for equal opportunity and collaboration. Women don’t need special privileges, they need a platform to perform and a canvas to paint. The support from family is equally important and they need to believe in her capabilities and in her dreams. The most important factor in making women self-sufficient is her own willingness to pursue her dreams no matter what comes her way. The Healthcare working group comprises of 78% of women however there is still under representation of women in leadership role. The qualities that will represent a powerful woman leader in the industry is her active participation within her own organization, democratic leadership, encouraging others and nurturing new talent. Increased visibility of women at the senior leadership will send a clear message that company value’s diversity of thought and expertise – this sets the tone for advancing their overall governance agenda. In the present scenario, there are many Indian companies who have effectively demonstrated how women can play an important role in the workforce. Today in several sectors such as IT, Media, Healthcare and hospitality women have bridged the gender divide quite effortlessly through their resolute efforts. If your foundation isn’t strong enough, it will not take much time for the blocks above to tumble and fall. Let the mental strength be a priority for every woman so that it only empowers her to achieve all the things that she dreams of. Let empowerment originates from her. My advice to women “Believe in yourself, if you don’t, no one else will”.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15911/preparing-for-coronavirus.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15911/preparing-for-coronavirus.html Wed, 04 Mar 2020 17:25:00 +0530 Coronavirus belongs to a family of viruses whose infection can cause illness, cold and more severe disease. In the past, we had severe outbreaks of coronavirus infections. We have seen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by Coronavirus and another was Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). What is this new virus? A new virus has come up from Wuhan city of Hubei Province in China and it has been labelled as COVID 2019. Where do these coronaviruses come from? These coronaviruses are found in a white variety of animal species. So the SARS came from coronavirus transmitted from civet cats and the MERS came from camels. So we still not sure where this new coronavirus came from.    Cause This is suspected to come from the seafood market at Wuhan and several known coronaviruses circulated in animals have not yet affected humans. Coronaviruses are an extremely common cause of cold and upper respiratory infections. These viruses are zoonosis which means it can affect certain animals, straight from one animal to another animal. Coronaviruses are potentially stricted to human particularly if the certain mutation occurs in the virus.  Symptoms The symptoms of coronavirus infection include cough possibly with the fever and shortness of breath. There is some early report of non-respiratory symptoms nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Some people recover within a few days. However some people such as extreme age groups such as children, elderly and people with compromised immunity. People who might be on chemotherapy or those who have long term steroids therapy are also vulnerable groups and they might develop a more serious infection such as bronchitis or pneumonia.  Prevention: The World Health Organisation has issued detailed Guidelines for reducing the risk of Coronavirus. As caregivers, we also strongly recommend following preventive measures: Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub  Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms  Do not use or eat uncooked meat and eggs Avoid close contact with people coronavirus infection  No unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15905/important-is-to-observe-good-personal-hygiene-dr-vikas-maurya.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15905/important-is-to-observe-good-personal-hygiene-dr-vikas-maurya.html Wed, 04 Mar 2020 14:10:00 +0530 A coronavirus is a kind of common respiratory virus that causes an infection in nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses are not dangerous. Some types of them are serious, though. As has been seen many people have died when resistant strains of coronavirus have spread across nations, for example in 2003 as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and in 2012, and 2015 as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). And recently now in early January 2020, the WHO identified a new novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China. It has spread to many parts of the world and now the first case has also been reported from Delhi apart from Telangana, Jaipur and few earlier cases from Kerala. There is no need to panic and important is to observe good personal hygiene and cough attiquates. Also equally important is to have healthy life style and eat healthy food to maintain good immunity to fight with viral infection. Follow certain Dos as explained below: It is important to know about the virus and its features. The important features are: Symptoms The symptoms of coronaviruses are similar to any other upper respiratory infection and it cannot be differentiated from other cold causing viruses like flu virus or rhinovirus. Symptoms appears as early as 2 days or as long as 14 days after exposure in majority of cases. In few isolated cases symptoms were seen even after 25 or 27 days as well. Common symptoms fever Runny or stuffy nose Coughing sore throat, headache, malaise Earache, in case of middle ear infections Serious symptoms Diarrhoea, vomiting Shortness of breath when it involves lungs and causes pneumonia. Decrease urine output due to kidney involvement Visit Doctor urgently (alarming symptoms) Persistent cough, chest pain Increasing shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea Decrease urine output How it is diagnosed Lab tests, including nasopharyngeal PCR or viral cultures Blood test like antibodies against virus At risk group (as published after studying > 44,000 patients in China) Elderly Heart disease Chronic diseases like diabetes, chronic lung disease, heart conditions Weak immune system like cancer patients, transplant patients or those using immunosuppressants Complications Pneumonia Respiratory failure ARDS Other organ failure like kidney failure Death Do’s about coronavirus There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent a coronavirus infection and its spread to other people do the following things - Observe good personal hygiene Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. While coughing or sneezing, do cover your mouth Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth. Avoid close contact with people who are infected. Isolation of the patient is absolute necessary to prevent further spread N95/99 mask for patients Full body protection gear for care givers Ensure fruits and vegetables are properly washed before consumption Eat healthy and maintain healthy lifestyle to maintain good immunity Don’t about Coronavirus Don't give aspirin to children or teens younger than 19; use ibuprofen or acetaminophen instead Avoid joining office or school or college during symptomatic phase Avoid close contact with people who are unwell or showing signs of illness Avoid consumption of raw/undercooked meats for sometime Don’t travel to farms, live animal markets or where animals are slaughtered Whom to be Screened Patients with symptoms suggestive of respiratory virus infection History of visit to China or any other country where it has spread in last 14 days Treatment There is no specific treatment or vaccine for the infection and there is no cure. Supportive medical care can relieve the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. Important is to: Isolation of the patient is important to prevent further spread Get good bed rest. Drink adequate fluids. Take over-the-counter medicine for a sore throat, cough and fever. A humidifier or steamy shower can also help ease a sore and scratchy throat. In case of pneumonia, patient needs to be hospitalized and treated Respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome requires patient to be put on ventilator. Severe respiratory failure can also leads to death. Kidney failure can occurs and needs appropriate treatment or dialysis   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15881/coronavirus-combatting-covid-19.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15881/coronavirus-combatting-covid-19.html Mon, 02 Mar 2020 10:25:00 +0530 2020 has begun with a major news of a cluster of pneumonia cases that have been detected in Wuhan, China. These were found to be caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV). As per figures quoted by a publication in the Lancet journal on 24th January 2020, there were 835 laboratory confirmed cases and 25 deaths due to the virus (with new numbers getting added to the statistics with every passing day). This number has increased to 65,000 confirmed cases and 1400 fatalities as reported on 14th February. Named after the morphological appearance of that of a crown (Corona is Crown in Latin) it is similar to the virus causing SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic in the early 2000’s. We are experiencing a similar epidemic outbreak now in 2020. This virus is known to arise from animals and initially believed to be transmitted to humans via exposure in wet farms and seafood markets. Incubation period (time from infection to symptoms to appear) is found to be ranging from 3 to 5 days (max upto 14days). Droplet infection has been found to be the main mode of human to human transmission. The spread of the novel Coronavirus outside China is extremely worrisome since China is a global market visited frequently by people across the globe for both tourism & professional reasons, but we shouldn’t panic since stringent control measures are being taken to contain the spread of the virus globally. It is reassuring that the government has released a health advisory and is screening airports for any visitors from China. Suspected cases are being kept in isolation. We should spread awareness and undertake preventive measures. With positive cases having been detected in several provinces of mainland china, Japan, Thailand, USA and other countries, with a few cases in India, the risk of COVID-19 spreading in the country is a fear that most of us have at this stage. Coronavirus can be transmitted from person to person. It can spread when a person coughs or sneezes or even when someone touches a contaminated surface like a door handle. Symptoms of nCoV include runny nose, headache, cough, sore throat, high fever, difficulty, breathing, pneumonia, bronchitis. Prevention Hand hygiene & Respiratory etiquette are essential at this stage. This means frequent use of hand sanitizers and covering your face with a handkerchief/ tissue/ hand with a flexed elbow to prevent droplets from reaching people around you. Avoid close contact with people who are showing signs of respiratory illness such as sneezing and coughing. Avoid touching your face. N95 masks are known to help with prevention of such outbreaks. Anyone with likely symptoms (cough, fever, breathlessness, feeling of being unwell, malaise, runny nose, sore throat, weakness, pneumonia & in severe cases- kidney failure) must consult a physician immediately & also are advised to avoid contact with other family members. Anyone who has visited China or has been exposed to someone sick with COVID-19 in the last 14 days should contact their healthcare provider, and tell them about the symptoms and travel history or exposure to a COVID-19 patient. Immunosuppressed people are at a higher risk and are advised to be extra careful. Ensure that Eggs & meat are thoroughly cooked prior to consumption. It is reassuring that the Government of India has released a health advisory and is screening airports for any visitors from China. Treatment Supportive and symptomatic treatment is given to patients. Unfortunately, a vaccine for the coronavirus has not been developed yet, as medical researchers continue to study the effects of viral outbreak. Will it affect people in India? Although 3 cases have been reported in India at the moment, the government are on authorities are on high alert. The Health ministry in India has begun screening procedures at all international airports especially for passengers coming in from affected areas. India Preparedness Till 10.2.2020, 1108 flights and 1288098 passengers have been screened, with 6000 contacts under tracing. Airports have been strengthened with control rooms and thermal sensors with appropriate training to ground level staff for dealing with suspected cases. Please note - Currently the govt. has only authorized a few govt institutes such as NIV (National Institute of Virology), Pune, NCDC, AIIMS, BJMC (Ahmedabad), KGMU Lucknow, NIV Bengaluru, KHID, Mumbai, SMS MC Jaipur, NICED Kolkata, KIPMR Chennai, NIV FU Allapuzha for testing for COVID-2019. Safdarjung and RML are the nodal referral hospitals in New Delhi for patients suspected of carrying the virus.       ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/15851/avoid-these-4-mistakes-while-buying-group-health-insurance.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/15851/avoid-these-4-mistakes-while-buying-group-health-insurance.html Wed, 26 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0530 At the same time, the cost of medical treatments has too increased and is expected to rise further. The whole context boils down to one thing – health insurance is a necessity in today’s times.  If you run a business or a firm, it is practically essential for you to provide financial security to your employees under a group health insurance policy. Instead of buying individual health insurance policies, you can save money by providing health coverage to your employees under one group health insurance policy. Furthermore, it is in your hands to decide the sum assured per employee or other voluntary terms of the group health plan. As an employer, it is also crucial that you assess your employees’ needs for a group health insurance coverage and avoid common insurance buying mistakes.  Common Mistakes to Avoid While Buying Group Health Insurance      Choosing Inadequate Coverage   Insuring your employees financially against medical emergencies with the help of a group health insurance policy is a wise decision. But this benefit won’t make much of a difference in their lives if the coverage limit is inadequate. Whether any of your employees have an individual health insurance plan or not, the treatment costs can reach a few lakhs, especially in case of life-threatening ailments such as cardiovascular failures and cancer.  If the group health insurance policy in place, only offers sub-par coverage, the chances are that your employees may have to dig deep into their savings to pay the treatment costs – adding to their worries. So make sure you opt for a group health insurance cover that offers adequate coverage to your employees.     Selecting Low Room Rent Capping   Most group health insurance policies have room rent limits. To better understand this aspect, consider the following example – Mr. Verma faced a medical emergency for which he got hospitalized for five days to get the necessary treatment. His health was covered under a group plan offered by his employer, and the room rent was covered but only up to Rs. 10,000 under the policy. Since the total room rent was above this amount, he had to pay for it out from his pocket. It implies that if you purchase a group health insurance plan that provides low room rent, your employees may get the insurance reimbursement for hospitalization expenses based on the room rent limits. Selecting a very low room rent capping won’t help. Instead, it is advisable that you customize the capping as per your budget.      Buying the Plan Based on Low Premium Only   Group health insurance policies usually offer a low rate of premium. However, the rate varies as per the sum assured selected. Instead of choosing a group health insurance plan entirely based on the low rate of premium, you must know about different factors that determine the premium amount, before buying the policy.  These factors include the number of people covered in the plan, average age, the benefits opted and sum assured for each member covered. Overall, it is advisable that you purchase a low-cost group health insurance policy that is good for your employees, and not just for your company. Make sure you know and understand what determines the premium of a group health insurance policy before you buy one.     Not Doing Required Research Before Buying the Policy   Group health insurance domain is a complex world – so it may confuse you as an employer. As a result, it is possible that you may not perform in-depth research before buying the group health insurance policy.   Such decisions may lead to problems for your employees, usually at the time of claim settlement. You can easily avoid this scenario by first developing an insight into the different group health insurance plans and how a group health insurance policy works. With proper knowledge about the policy coverage, you can customize the policy to fit into your business and employees’ needs. Group health insurance policies from reputable insurance broking firms such as SecureNow allow you to seamlessly personalize all the aspects of the plan to ensure smooth and transparent claim settlement.  Your employees are no less than an extended family who are there to help you grow your business. By keeping the above factors in mind you can keep their health secured with a group health insurance policy in return for their loyalty.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15837/awareness-is-the-best-countermeasure-against-the-increasing-cases-of-cervical-cancer-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15837/awareness-is-the-best-countermeasure-against-the-increasing-cases-of-cervical-cancer-in-india.html Mon, 24 Feb 2020 14:35:00 +0530 In India, the ratio of women to men continues to witness a spike in the course of time overcoming various social and political challenges. Yet, the increase in cancer mortality rate is the biggest challenge that India still needs to tackle if it is to maintain a good sex ratio. The statistics have revealed that cancer hit Indian women more than men and therefore, women require more medical attention to improve their life expectancy. According to the recent data shared by National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, cancer accounted for 3,71,302 deaths in women in 2018 and cervical is the most common cancer, only second to breast cancer, found in Indian women with 22.86% of all cancers prevalent. Cervical cancer, which is caused mainly due to HPV infection, becomes a reason behind the death of one woman out of two in every eight minutes. The sexually active women are always under the threat of developing cervical cancer because sexual intercourse with a person infected with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) transmits this virus between the partners. The HPV viral infection occurs at the reproductive tract of both men and women and generally goes undetected for a long period of time because it does not show any obvious signs and symptoms. It is not till the time the HPV creates some serious concerns and threats for the infected person that one can diagnose the infection. Though there are cervical screenings and tests specifically meant to detect the invasion of HPV and the consequent cervical lesions in women, no such tool and technique are devised for detecting its presence in men. This doubles the burden of carrying life-threatening ailment on women because HPV 16 and 18 type leads to the development of precancerous lesions and accounts for over 70 % of cervical cancers. Understanding the second common cancer among women The abnormal growth of cervix lining cells and gene mutation triggered by HPV are some of the identified causes behind the development of cervical cancer among women. Human Papillomavirus are formed of different types but not all are life-threatening. It’s only HPV 16 & 18 that has been found in the women afflicted with this second most common cancer. Most of the HPV infections get treated by themselves after some time, but HPV 16 & 18 infections tend to persist and even progress forming lesions and ultimately turning into invasive cervical cancer. The women belonging to age group of 16-30 are the ones found at the high-risk of HPV infection, highlighting the need of early HPV detection tests and screenings. On an average basis, the precancerous cervical lesions in a healthy woman take up to 15 or even 20 years to take the shape of cervical cancer. But, if a woman has other medical conditions like HIV/AIDS, cervical cancer takes only four to five years to become dangerous and show visible symptoms. The irregular periods, chronic leg or pelvic pain, fatigue, excessive weight loss, vaginal discomfort, discolored vaginal discharge, and abnormal bleeding after sexual intercourse are the signs that a woman might be developing cervical cancer. However, cervical cancer can also be developed due to excessive smoking, HIV infection, and unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits among women. All and all, cervical cancer is a deadly ailment attacking more and more women every other day. Women should opt for timely cervical screening and gynaecologist consultation to fight against cervical cancer on all fronts. Roadblocks The chances of cancer survival depend on the stage at the time of detection and diagnosis. The five-year survival rate for women with cervical cancer is around 92% if detected at an early stage where it is approximately 48.7% if the cancer is spread to other organs and tissues. So, the importance of cervical cancer screening and diagnostics should not be undervalued as it’s only the early detection and treatment at the right time that can save millions of lives. But, merely the idea of getting a cervical screening done appears unnecessary to most of the women in both rural and urban lands of the country. The need to visit a gynaecologist is not experienced unless the cervical cancer reaches the advanced stage, the symptoms are visible by naked eye, health condition worsens, and the life is under a great threat. As a matter of fact, having the cervix screened is considered not less than a myth or taboo where the women are reluctant to visit a gynaecologist for normal routine checks. And, those who courage to do it lack easy access to the gynaecologist and lack the necessary facilities. Cervical cancer is very common today and there is definitely a need of educating women about cervical cancer and the importance of cancer screening so that they can visit a nearby gynaecologist at ease and afford the protection against cancer.  The lack of awareness among women about their sexual and reproductive health is something that prevents them from taking the right decision for their health. Moreover, there is a stigma attached with seeing a gynaecologist who can be a male as well as female. Women, especially young girls who are sexually active, shy to talk openly about their sexual life, fear to face the “uncomfortable” questions, and inform the doctor about what abnormalities they experience. And, this is where the problems arise. Importance of Awareness Barely have we seen that children are taught about cervical cancer and screenings in schools or colleges. So, expecting the men and women of today caring about cervical screening is quite pointless. In the family, nobody tells you that it is essential for mothers and daughter to go for cervical screening and Pap smear test every three or five years. Be it the pre-cancer stage or the mid-stage, cervical cancer screening can help in detection, treatment, and prognosis. The cervical cancer mortality rate which is increasingly high across the globe can be put under control through a proactive approach which includes awareness, early screening and diagnosis, and treatment. The active participation of women in creating awareness about cervical cancer is important to avoid it and cure it. Starting from “I” It is the high time we all should join the forces together against cervical cancer by spreading the awareness about cervical cancer diagnosis and encouraging the women to get the treatment they are in dire need of by debunking all myths and taboos associated with it. Where the authorities should support and fund new research in the concerned field of study to find the effective cervical cancer treatment, we all can do out bit by increasing our knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV infection and spreading the word. It’s also important to educate all people on the causes of cervical cancer, the importance of cervical screening and tests, and explain the mechanism behind Pap smear test, Liquid-based cytology, visual inspection, and HPV testing. This would help most of the women to get rid of their fear and make a better decision to save their lives.   Dr. Ravi Gaur, COO, Oncquest Laboratories   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15839/tackling-depression-at-workplace.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15839/tackling-depression-at-workplace.html Mon, 17 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Depression has become an endemic problem at the Indian workplace. According to a 2019 study by HR tech startup Hush, one out of every five employees in the corporate sector experiences depression.  In addition, almost half of the participants in the study were found to experience some form of workplace depression. Depression has severe negative consequences for the wellbeing and quality of life of an individual. It results in serious losses as employees exhibit low energy, tardiness, absenteeism, social withdrawal, anxiety, mood swings, poor work quality and decreased productivity. According to estimates by the World Health Organization in 2017, depression and anxiety cause a global economic loss of US$ 1 trillion annually. With an increasing number of employees experiencing depression, workplace depression is likely to contribute significantly to this number. These staggering facts are both a cause of concern as well as a wakeup call for immediate corrective and supportive action.  Several factors originating from the workplace can trigger or augment depression. Employees are constantly under stress due to highly competitive and demanding jobs, with high work pressures and sometimes unrealistic timelines. Work demands impact work-life balance negatively with many employees regularly enduring the guilt of not having time for their family. Employees may also be working with unsupportive coworkers and bosses or facing financial instability which further adds to the problem. The result is prolonged feelings of being helpless, trapped, overwhelmed, incompetent and stressed. Employees are scared of opening up about their struggle with depression with their coworkers and bosses as they fear that they may be further isolated, marginalized and systematically moved out of the organization. If not provided support, they can sink further in depression resulting in loss of job or even life. Given the seriousness and pervasiveness of the issue, it is becoming critical for organizations to take action.   What can organizations do to handle depression at work? Commit resources for support, develop support systems: Hire a clinical psychologist and counselor. Partner with organizations and NGOs specializing in the domain for continuous support to the organization.  Educate and incentivize: Conduct workshops to educate employees to identify signs of depression and what actions they can take to help themselves and others. Train employees to support their peers, bosses and subordinates who are suffering from anxiety and depression. Incentivize this supportive behavior through R&R programs.   Get top management to open up: Get top management team and respected influential people within the company to share personal stories of stress and anxiety on a regular basis. This will help reduce inhibitions about opening up about such problems and will create a safe space for sharing. Generate regular conversations around depression: Develop and share educative communication through various media on a regular basis. Dedicate regular time slots for open discussions on depression.      Provide flexibility: Enable employees to work from home or do flexible hours to reduce pressure.  Policy support: Create HR policies to help and support employees with mental health issues.  Allow leaves for mental health issues and ease such people into getting back to work. Be proactive: Identify symptoms of depression: Encourage employees to undergo a psychological assessment to identify predispositions to depression. Use the data to create support plans. Review high-pressure jobs: Identify high-pressure jobs in the organization. Develop action plans and support systems to ease pressure in these jobs. This could be done by rationalizing the demands of the job by either providing more manpower to the job roles or by reconstructing job roles to reduce some responsibilities.  Implementing supportive actions is an exercise in change management Tackling depression in an organization is actually a change management problem and should be handled with a change management mindset. Organizations are not impassive recipients of any action. They have a history, a certain way of working and thinking, and may not always be open to new processes, systems or changes. When it comes to depression, most organizations are psychologically not prepared to handle such a conversation. Thus, for the actions suggested above to make any real impact, a broader systemic change is required in organizations to create the right environment. This implies changes at the individual psychological level, as well as at the interpersonal and cultural levels. Models of change management can be useful guidelines in this respect. Incorporating our suggestions into a model of change management can get more effective outcomes, and can help organizations take more certain and steadier steps towards creating a supportive organization to tackle depression. Prof. Smita Chaudhry - Associate Professor - Human Resources, FLAME University Prof. Diganta Chakrabarti - Associate Professor - Human Resource,  FLAME University Dr. Ankita Tandon - Fellow (FPM) from Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15731/breast-cancer-in-india-worrying-trends-and-way-forward.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15731/breast-cancer-in-india-worrying-trends-and-way-forward.html Thu, 06 Feb 2020 11:25:00 +0530 Around the world, Breast Cancer rates are increasing at an alarming rate. In India, Breast Cancer has become the most common cancer in women. According to reports, one woman is diagnosed with Breast Cancer every 4 minutes & one woman dies of Breast Cancer every 13 minutes. About 46% of patients diagnosed with Breast Cancer fall in the category of 50 years or younger; whereas 25 years ago this bracket was 2%. Research indicates, early screening can reduce the risk of mortality by 25-30% or more. With the increasing incidence of Cancer amongst younger women, early detection & prevention is the key to fight against Breast Cancer. It is emphasised that women should be made aware of symptoms of the disease and should report it early. Early diagnosis of the disease is imperative for cure and improving survival rate. Effective Breast Cancer Screening A screening test identifies the disease before there are any symptoms and therefore helps increasing the chances of effective & successful treatment. The first and one of the most vital steps in effective Breast Cancer screening is breast self-examination. It is essential for women to be familiar with how their breasts normally look and feel and report any changes. If practiced regularly, one learns to identify the difference between the abnormal new change and normal tissue in the breast. However, for precise screening and diagnosis of Breast Cancer, mammogram is recommended. For high quality clinical images, a good mammography system is needed. With the latest Digital Mammography technology, the detection efficiency of invasive cancer has increased significantly. In order to better characterize the breast lesions through a non-evasive evaluation, Breast Elastography is recommended. The final step in diagnosis is biopsy which helps in definitely determining if the tissues or fluid extracted from breast are cancerous or not. Innovation –How new technologies can help? A highly dense breast has a greater amount of glandular and connective tissue compared to fatand is considered a risk factor for cancer. With Digital Mammography, micro-calcifications are picked up easily, allowing for precise diagnosis. Digital Mammography Systems are being developed with the view of providing comfortable mammograms to the patients and easier for the care providers. Latest Digital Mammography systems are compatible to be installed in Screening Vans which will play a crucial role in screening women for breast cancer even in remotest parts of the country. In western countries like US, out of every 100 women with breast cancer, 89 women are likely to survive. For India, this figure is not even more than 60% and almost 45-50% of patients in India are present in the advanced stages (Stage 3 and 4). US and European countries have achieved a steadily improving and good survival mainly because of effective screening of breast cancer. In India, there is an urgent need for expansion of breast cancer screening programs across the country to reduce the morality rate. With advanced technologies like Digital Mammography and Government’s initiatives on awareness& screening programs, Breast Cancer is a disease that can be conquered successfully.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15486/here-is-what-you-need-to-do-to-take-good-care-of-your-loved-ones-always.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15486/here-is-what-you-need-to-do-to-take-good-care-of-your-loved-ones-always.html Tue, 07 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0530 Hence, it is essential to be financially secured so that you can handle any unexpected and unfortunate contingency. There’s a growing awareness about the importance of pure term insurance policy these days. Have you ever thought about who will take care of your family and liabilities, if you are not around? It is when you will understand the significance of the term policy.  Term insurance policy is the minimum required to provide financial stability to your dependents in case of your sudden demise. In simple words, it’s the cheapest form of insurance which provides death benefits to the family of the insured person for a specific period.  To ensure your family’s financial security even after you are gone, opt for a term policy. A term plan helps you prepare for uncertainties. It is one of the most cost-effective methods by which you can mitigate risk. A term policy is a popular choice primarily because it asks for low premiums, yet the family of the deceased gets the entire amount. Here are a few reasons why you must buy a term policy to take care of your loved ones:   Simplicity   Understanding the term insurance policy is easy as it is a pure life cover, which means that there is no investment component. You need to pay premiums against which the insurer covers the life risk of the policyholder for a fixed duration. You can buy a term insurance policy through an advisor or directly online.  Ensures complete future financial security Great coverage at affordable premiums is the only important factor which differentiates a term policy from other life insurance plans. While other insurance policies might give you guaranteed returns, periodic money backs or lifelong annuities, term plans offer you the option of getting a sufficiently large sum assured at a low cost. The large amount would allow you to give your family a complete sense of financial security at an affordable price.   Affordable premiums Given the nature of term policies, their premiums are much lower than other traditional insurance plans. In fact, among all life insurance plans, term plans have the lowest premium. This low premium allows you to afford an optimal sum assured so that you can ensure enough financial security for your family in your absence.    Tax Benefits   The premium payable for your term policy is eligible for tax benefits for up to Rs. 1,50,000 under section 80(C) of the Income Tax Act.    Death Benefit Option    While term policies provide a lump sum maturity amount, you can get plans that combine lump sum and monthly incomes, and those with an option of a lump sum with increasing monthly income. This benefit will help your family manage regular expenses and manage the inflation impact.   Regardless of your income level, your family too needs protection. Moreover, if any member of your family faces any medical contingencies, you will have to shoulder the responsibility of paying the medical bills.  Give your loved ones the best gift by caring for their future needs for times when you are no longer around. Comprehensive term insurance policies by reputable insurers such as Max Life Insurance offer protection against 40 critical illnesses, including cancer and heart attacks.  A term policy provides the following benefits: Return of premium on survival of the term policy period Limited premium payment options such as regular pay and pay till 60 Opportunity to increase your insurance coverage upon achieving significant milestones in life Tax benefits under Section 80C and 10(10D) of Income Tax Act 1961 Multiple death benefit payout options such as increasing monthly income and lump-sum payouts Additional benefits such as Accidental Cover   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15454/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-the-gateway-to-many-other-diseases.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15454/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-the-gateway-to-many-other-diseases.html Wed, 01 Jan 2020 15:15:00 +0530 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term that refers to a wide variety of respiratory and pulmonary diseases. The disease kills about 1 million people in India and records the second highest mortality after heart diseases. There is no curative treatment for this progressive disease which can remain hidden for along time. Long-term exposure to polluted air and smoking are the primary reasons of COPD, as a result a non-smoking person may also develop this condition. Since it remains neglected and is not talked about much, people are not aware of the disease and often dismiss the symptoms as that of cough and cold. Areas like Kashmir have a COPD prevalence of 16 – 18 per cent, mainly due to extensive use of biomass for cooking and heating during the colder months. The bigger cause of concern is that COPD may well be the passage for many other diseases to make your body their home. COPD may cause a range of serious diseases There are many – right from that of heart to metabolic syndrome to sleep disorders, COPD can wreak havoc in your life. Some of the major diseases COPD may facilitate are: Heart diseases: Low oxygen levels in your blood can narrow the arteries and increase blood pressure on the vessel walls that go from your heart to lungs as well as within your lungs. The right side of your heart may get bigger, a condition known as cor pulmonale, and cause irregular heartbeats, impaired blood circulation, an enlarged liver, and swelling in your feet and legs. COPD can also damage nerves that connect to the heart and cause arrhythmia. Respiratory problems: People with COPD frequently have other conditions that affect the respiratory system, such as respiratory infections, flu, pneumonia, collapsed lung, and lung cancer. Flare-ups in a COPD patient may happen when the symptoms suddenly get worse, also known as acute exacerbations. Mental health conditions: Living with COPD can be hard. You may feel stressed, sad, and lonely at times.At least 1 in 10 people with COPD is reported to get depression or anxiety; the number increases as the disease progresses. Medication can help, along with exercise, pulmanory rehabilitation and even music therapy. Muscle and bone problems: Osteoporosis is common in COPD-affected people. They have been smokers, and now take steroids, it is hard for them to get enough bone-strengthening exercise due to shortness of breath, and they can be low on bone-building vitamin D. Make sure you undergo bone mineral density (BMD) tests at regular interval. Sleep disorders: Trouble going to sleep or staying asleep, sleepiness during the daytime, waking up due to headaches, shortness of breath, brief periods of not breathing during sleep, and nightmares are some of the side effects of COPD on your sleep. Metabolic syndrome: Our metabolism involves a group of chemical processes that digest the food a person eats and turn it into energy for the body. COPD often causes conditions linked to nutrition and metabolism, such as metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes or having an unhealthy body weight.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15435/tuberculosis-tb-elimination-in-india-by-2025-prevent-it-to-end-it.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15435/tuberculosis-tb-elimination-in-india-by-2025-prevent-it-to-end-it.html Fri, 27 Dec 2019 11:30:00 +0530 Tuberculosis (TB) is among the oldest diseases known to mankind, yet remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide today, as well as the leading global infectious disease killer. With 10 million people with active TB disease every year and 1.6 million deaths, the challenge is enormous. Under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the United Nation member countries have united to fight TB and eliminate it by 2030.  However, given the prevalence of TB, India needs to achieve the target at least five earlier to the global schedule. The country shares around 23% burden of the active tuberculosis patients in the world and 27% of the unreported or “missing” TB cases of the world.  According to WHO reports India has a global contribution of about 1.8 million TB related deaths. Statistics show that over 1400 lives are claimed by TB every day. The Government has taken an initiative to curb the problem with eventual eradication of TB from India by the year 2025. Union Health and Family Welfare Ministry have launched the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Tuberculosis (TB) Elimination (2017-2025), which comes as an extension to the earlier NSP plan. The target is achievable with three main points: (i) increasing domestic resources, especially in high TB burden areas (ii) finding those people with TB who have been missed in the past and (iii) making leaders, policymakers and other stakeholders accountable for the TB response in their areas in terms of key indicators, targets and commitments made. The NSP (2017-2025) is based on DETECT-TREAT-PREVENT-BUILD approach. This approach focuses on early diagnosis followed by a prompt treatment which is backed by proper financial and nutritional support. Prevention strategies such as active case finding, Latent TB Infection (LTBI) management in the high-risk population, contact tracing and airborne infection control are adopted. NSP has great potential because of the latest discoveries of drugs and regimes. Despite the incredible efforts of the government TB poses certain challenges for the government to tackle. Years of neglect of the disease led to the unrestrained transmission of the disease with people having LTBI which can re-activate at any time. India has a big chunk of population which is undernourished which leads to weakened immunity, which facilitates the spread of the disease. The NSP targets private sector engagement too. The government’s plan will remain a dream unfulfilled until the private providers shoulder the responsibility to make India TB free.  Over 80% of the patient’s first engagement is with the private sector but the quality provided is of varying standards. Erroneous detection or incomplete medication can lead to the patient being drug-resistant. India has developed a burden of Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR-TB) and Extensive Drug Resistance, due to the same. Drug-resistant TB is a growing threat and it is critical to prevent TB as well as to give an early diagnosis, proper treatment and care. India needs to pay serious attention to improving the treatment outcomes and quality of life of patients with MDR-TB. Treatment success for MDR-TB is currently low in many countries including India. The success rare significantly depends on improving access to the highest-ranked medicines for all such TB patients. About 600,000 new cases of MDR-TB (or other rifampicin-resistant TB) emerge each year and about 240,000 people die of these forms of TB each year according to WHO estimates. The second important change is a fully oral regimen as one of the preferred options for MDR-TB treatment, with injectable agents proposed to be replaced by more potent alternatives such as bedaquiline (the first-ever medicine to be developed specifically for the treatment of MDR-TB.  Healthcare providers need to encourage TB preventive therapy (TPT) so that we can prevent ourselves from getting infected by TB. It is proven that the new regimen for TB preventive therapy, 3HP, has less hepatotoxicity as it is less toxic to the liver, making it safer and improving adherence if compared to six months of isoniazid preventive therapy. For a successful TB elimination programme, we need to take lessons from the Polio Campaign which was a huge success because of the major stakeholders such as hospitals, government, NGOs, social workers and many more came together to make India Polio free. A holistic approach was adopted in the eradication of the disease. The same needs to be done in the case of TB. TB as a disease needs to be MANAGED first. Detection and Identification remain the first concern that needs to be attended to. Areas with high risk need to be investigated thoroughly with special attention given to the people who have had close encounters with the person having TB. TB reporting should be mandated by the government and an effective MIS needs to be in place to increase the reporting of the cases and effective mapping of the disease. Instead of standing in line people can go online to get themselves registered. Private institutions need to come forward by establishing sustainable models in their capacity to help the patients suffering from the disease. Targeting TB as a disease which is affordable to cure will make sure that the people would come forward and seek the desired help. In nutshell, a Tuberculosis free India is not a dream far-fetched if the government along with the NGOs, private sector and the denizens of the country work in tandem to pluck this problem out from the roots.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15422/understanding-the-basics-associated-with-sleep.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15422/understanding-the-basics-associated-with-sleep.html Thu, 26 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0530 Getting quality sleep is almost as important as eating food and drinking water. Without proper sleep, it will be impossible to either maintain or form pathways within your brain, which are responsible for letting you learn as well as create memories. Also, you will find it difficult to concentrate as well as respond quickly. Sleep is crucial for several brain functions, including how your cells are going to communicate with one another. Sleep is one of the important biological processes that every individual requires.  What Is Sleep? Sleep is a dynamic and complex process, which is responsible for affecting how you function. Defining Sleep is important because people need to understand exactly what sleep is. Both your body as well as the brain can remain active when you are sleeping properly. Sleep can affect all the tissues as well as systems within your body, from your heart, lungs, brain, as well as metabolism and systems like mood, disease resistance, and immune function. Studies have also revealed that sleep deprivation can lead to disorders like diabetes, obesity, depression, cardiovascular diseases, and high blood pressure.  Anatomy Of Sleep Given below is a list of the brain structures that are associated with sleep.  Hypothalamus- This is a structure, shaped like a peanut, which is responsible for affecting sleep as well as arousal. Brainstem- The brainstem is responsible for communicating with the hypothalamus and it is capable of controlling the transactions that go on between sleeping and waking up. The brainstem is responsible for including important structures like the midbrain, medulla, and pons.  Thalamus- The thalamus is responsible for delivering information from your senses to your cerebral cortex. During the several stages of sleep, the thalamus is responsible for becoming quiet, which will help you to block the external world out.  Pineal gland- The pineal gland is located between the two hemispheres of the brain. This gland is responsible for increasing the production of melatonin, which guides you to fall asleep as soon as the lights start going down.  Basal forebrain- This is responsible for promoting both sleep and wakefulness. The cells within your basal forebrain are responsible for releasing adenosine, which helps in supporting the sleep drive.  Amygdala- This structure is shaped like an almond and is responsible for processing emotions. This structure becomes more active during the time of REM sleep.  How Much Sleep Is Required By An Individual? The need for sleep, as well as sleep patterns, keeps changing as you start aging. You need to know that there are no magic sleep hours, which are going to work for everyone based on their age. Babies sleep for 18 hours, which helps in boosting the growth as well as the development of the brain. School children and teenagers sleep for 10 hours every night. Adults require 7 to 9 hours of sleep. Elderly people prefer taking medications, which are responsible for interfering with sleep patterns.  Conclusion It is suggested that you get enough sleep every night so that you can function appropriately the following day. Ensure that you are cutting out any substance that can be responsible for sleeplessness.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15226/tracking-progression-from-prediabetes-to-diabetes-with-big-data-analytics.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15226/tracking-progression-from-prediabetes-to-diabetes-with-big-data-analytics.html Thu, 28 Nov 2019 17:40:00 +0530 The burden of prediabetes in India There are close to 8 crores people living with prediabetes in India, and most of them don’t know about it, as it can remain undetected for many years. Prediabetes is an intermediate stage between non-diabetes and diabetes, where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes. The transition from prediabetes to diabetes can be rapid or take several years depending upon the metabolic health of a person; however, not everyone with prediabetes goes on to develop type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes to diabetes progression THB India conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to determine how many patients progress from prediabetes (HbA1c% less than 6.4%) to diabetes (HbA1c% more than 6.5%). The diagnostic data of ~43,000 de-identified patient records were analyzed to compare patients’ latest glucose profile to their first HbA1c test result. Progression rate was defined as the percentage of patients that converted from prediabetes to diabetes in 2 years duration. We also compared how metabolic comorbidities ¾ dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypothyroidism related to the progression rates. The findings were as follows: ~19% of people progressed from prediabetes to diabetes within 2 years.     Progression rate was found to be highest in the age group of 31 to 45 years (24.4%), followed by 19 to 30 years (19.4%), 46 to 60 years (18.7%), and 60+ years (17%). Progression rate was found to be higher in people with more comorbidities: For patients with one comorbidity, progression rate was 18.6%; for two comorbidities, it was 20.2%, and for three comorbidities, it was 27.9%. What leads to rapid progression? Research shows that the Indian population is hyperinsulinemic and more prone to insulin resistance. Indians get diabetes 5-10 years earlier as compared to the western population. Published research also suggests that Indians progress faster through the prediabetes stage as compared to other ethnic groups. The risk factors of prediabetes are the same as that for type 2 diabetes: overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, family history, hormone disorders, diet and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, physical activity). Prediabetes can only be detected through screening, as there are no/silent symptoms at this stage. Therefore, not only people above the age of 45 years but also those in the age group of 31 to 45 years and below 30 years need to be careful, especially if they have risk factor/s. Comorbidities increase the risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Hypothyroidism leads to metabolic abnormalities, and studies show that it may lead to increased blood glucose and HbA1C levels. Published literature also indicates that hyperuricemia makes insulin resistance worse, and people with high uric acid are more likely to get diabetes. Likewise, dyslipidemia is also a common finding in prediabetics and patients with insulin resistance. The results from THB’s Real-World Evidence (RWE) based analysis highlight the importance of regular blood glucose testing and keeping blood sugar levels under control. Many people don’t realize that they may be headed towards diabetes as they never get their blood glucose tested. The future of diabetes prevention and treatment Once prediabetes progresses to diabetes, it leads to serious complications and becomes much harder to control. Screening and awareness campaigns hence become a priority for those at risk or affected. THB India, leading clinical intelligence company, is currently working on algorithm-based risk assessment tools that can identify those at high risk of diabetes progression. These patients, who are positive for risk factors, can then be advised and guided towards lifestyle management strategies and prevention methods through personalized engagements. Integrating these risk assessment tools with clinical decisions support (CDS) systems enable doctors to make data-driven decisions at point of care. Doctors can also optimize the treatment by identifying in real-time which treatment options are working in favor of their patients and where the gaps are to be addressed. For instance, doctors can identify treatment interventions that can prevent progression to diabetes, short and long-term effects/side effects of the current treatment. Doctors can also identify signs and similarities in different patient groups (similar comorbidities or similar risk factors), and construct related treatment regimens accordingly. With more robust data, predictive analytics can be utilized for other chronic disorders as well. Implementation of big data analytics in healthcare represents a paradigm shift in how we approach healthcare and how decisions are made. It will ultimately lead to optimized care, reduced disease burden, and improved population health outcomes.      ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15157/adopt-and-implement-high-impact-interventions-to-secure-the-future-of-antibiotics.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15157/adopt-and-implement-high-impact-interventions-to-secure-the-future-of-antibiotics.html Wed, 20 Nov 2019 11:05:00 +0530 Every year, World Antibiotic Awareness Week (WAAW) is celebrated by governments, health facilities, schools and communities across the globe. The campaign highlights best practices among the general public, health workers and policy makers to help stop the further emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia talks about what World Health Organisation is doing when it comes to tackling the problem of AMR. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis that threatens the future of our most precious drugs: antibiotics. Across the world, AMR kills an estimated 700 000 people annually, including 230 000 from multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. By 2050, unless urgent action is taken, AMR is expected to kill 10 million annually. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are responsible for a substantial proportion of the AMR burden. The emergence and spread of resistant bacteria is accelerated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human and animal health. The WHO South-East Asia Region is taking decisive action to combat AMR, which since 2014 has been a Flagship Priority. All Member States have developed a national multisectoral action plan to address AMR. They are now implementing them. Each Member State has signed on to the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, a key initiative that will advance AMR-related research. Region-wide, the Tripartite Collaboration on AMR, which comprises WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), is addressing vulnerabilities in the human and animal health sectors, as well as in agriculture. Ensuring antibiotics are used rationally continues to be a core priority. The Region’s progress must be sustained. It must also be accelerated – an outcome the new WHO-convened Regional Taskforce for AMR will help achieve. In pursuit of the Region’s Flagship Priority on AMR, as well as its quest to achieve universal health coverage, health authorities Region-wide should adopt and implement several high-impact interventions.    First, WHO’s AWaRe classification tool should be fully harnessed. The AWaRe tool groups antibiotics into three main categories – ‘Access’, ‘Watch’ and ‘Reserve’ – based on their strength and potential impact on AMR. By adopting the tool’s classification scheme, health authorities can more effectively monitor antibiotic consumption, align their essential medicines list (EML) with WHO’s Model EML, and update or establish treatment guidelines that increase the appropriate use of antibiotics. Each outcome will fast-track preventive efforts. Second, increased focus should be given to strengthening infection prevention and control (IPC) in health care facilities. Clean water, adequate sanitation and essential equipment are all crucial to providing health care that is of adequate quality and which minimizes health care-associated infections. So too are health workers and facility staff that are trained in and implement IPC. All efforts should be made to ensure that health facilities from the primary level up are fit for purpose, and do not serve as AMR incubators. Third, political leadership, advocacy and coordination on AMR should be scaled up. This is especially so when it comes to empowering all people to take responsibility for the future of antibiotics – the theme of this year’s World Antibiotic Awareness Week. From promoting the appropriate prescribing of antibiotics to emphasizing the need to reduce antibiotic usage in the animal sector, leaders from all sectors should drive home an important point: The future of antibiotics is in our hands. WHO is committed to supporting Member States as they continue to go from strength to strength in the battle against AMR. Together we can improve antibiotic treatment, increase access to antibiotics and reduce antimicrobial resistance. Together we can secure the future of our most precious drugs and rollback the global AMR crisis. We must act decisively. We must act now. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15142/are-stents-made-in-india-effective.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15142/are-stents-made-in-india-effective.html Mon, 18 Nov 2019 15:15:00 +0530 Stents, drug-eluting and metal stents, implanted into a blocked passageway would remain the most important and critical component for the heart surgeries. National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) that controls the price of pharmaceuticals drugs in India had capped the prices of bare metal stents and drug-eluting stents in February 2017, after the coronary stents were included under Schedule 1 drugs. This has helped people in India access to stents at an affordable cost. Since then, the coronary stents in India came within the price capping, where the Bare Metal Stents is currently capped at Rs 8,261 while Drug-Eluting Stents (DES) costs anywhere around Rs 30,000. Till few years back, we were heavily dependent on the imported stents. This obviously doesn’t mean that indigenously made coronary stents are lagging on quality. These stents too are as good as any other stent manufactured and marketed globally. And this is well established and proven, based on a scientific study. These findings were captured according to study presented at the leading International Conference on Non-Surgical Cardiac interventions – TCT (Trans Catheter Interventions) – in September 22 last year in San Diego, US. The study involved over 1,000 patients from many countries and was overseen by Clinical Research Organisation (CRO), Cardialysis, an institute of international repute. The study dissipates the general perception that stents `Made in India’ aren’t efficacious and safe, when equalled to those manufactured in developed world. What we all need is to ensure that heart patients in India get access to premium coronary stents. The Coronary stents are made of metal, generally chromium cobalt, coated with polymers and drug. The stents are used in treating blocked coronary arteries which are safe and have durability and the longevity on terms of their performance. Today, we also have a stents to include ‘new generation’ stents with more features. The stents today are used not only for treating heart ailments but are also used for opening passageways for bile ducts. These Stents are like tubes and carry bile to and from digestive organs within our body. Besides, it is also used in case of Bronchi, which are small airways in lungs and in Ureters, which are like tubes that helps carry flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder. These tubes may get blocked or damaged, though the mechanism of blockages here is very different. At the same time, any issue, if there is any, related to stent industry, needs to be addressed to ensure that millions of heart patients in India get the benefit and access to the best stents available today.  As stated, Indian stents have fared very well and we have hardly heard of Heart Interventionists having encountered problems while delivery of the stents into coronary lesions. Despite all the fear around `Made in India’ Stents, and the fear that there would be higher stent failure rates with indigenous stents hasn’t come true. Both in short and mid-term, Indian stents have performed very well, and that is the buzz around the Cardiologists in India. Also, at the same time, Indian Cardiologists have also shown the best of their ability to make maximum use of `Made in India’ stents. As, we all wholeheartedly continue to promote `Made in India’ Stents, the government should not put a price cap on new technologies upto three years. This will help Indian cardiologists to get access to new and emerging technologies in India which is also important for our medical tourism in India. Patients coming from outside India should have the faith that Indian doctors are the best in the world.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15109/psychological-help-to-a-diabetic-patient-important-to-improve-outcomes.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15109/psychological-help-to-a-diabetic-patient-important-to-improve-outcomes.html Thu, 14 Nov 2019 09:40:00 +0530 Diabetes is a lifestyle disease in some, in others it can be caused by a genetic anomaly. Irrespective of the reason you get diabetes, chances are that the treatment will be lifelong. Globally, diabetes has emerged as a leading, chronic metabolic disorder impacting the physical, social and mental including psychological well-being of the affected people. Addressing these psychosocial aspects that include emotional, cognitive, behavioural and social factors in the treatment may help overcome the adherence-related psychological barriers of self-care for diabetes patients. Since diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong treatment in most of the patients, understanding the importance of psychological help such as counselling can facilitate the ultimate goal of managing the disease in patients with diabetes. Psychological problems of a diabetic patient Many of the people suffering from diabetes also suffer from anxiety, stress, and find it difficult to adjust to the new, often moderated lifestyle that the new health status demands. Anxiety disorders are higher in patients with diabetes than in the rest of the population: generalized anxiety disorder is 3 times higher in people with diabetes. Stress is often associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. When under stress, the body signals its nervous system and pituitary gland to produce epinephrine and cortisol, known as stress hormones. When these hormones are released, the liver produces more glucose. Many see consuming alcohol as a means to address this stress. This jeopardises the situation – alcohol has high sugar content. When taken to contain stress, both the factors together are likely to push up the sugar levels. This is the reason why diabetics are prohibited from consuming alcohol at all. Continuing lifelong treatment also causes depression in some of the diabetic patients. Such patients may disrupt prescribed medication which is likely to pose a risk to their health and shot up the glucose levels. Seeking psychiatric help for diabetes patient We must overcome our own inhibitions about seeking psychological help. Psychological care should be integrated with medical care to quality of life by optimising health outcomes. Many find it hard to accept that they have developed a medical condition that may require lifelong treatment. Psychologists can help address the emotional reactions in such patients such as disbelief, guilt and anxiety and help them learn how to accept their condition.  While psychological training should be seamlessly woven into the treatment, it is important to keep a tab on the patients and screen them regularly for traces of mental health-related issues. Anxiety symptoms such as avoiding people, social withdrawal, repetitive movements, should be noticed and addressed promptly. In adults, medical staff should be sensitive about addressing their queries related to sexual functioning and pregnancy, to mention a few. Many patients find it challenging to adapt to the necessary lifestyle changes, including changing their diet. Psychologists can help these patients change their behaviours and gradually improve eating habits and activity levels as well as help learn effective strategies to ensure they regularly test sugar levels and take their medications.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15053/breast-cancer-is-fast-becoming-a-costly-taboo-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15053/breast-cancer-is-fast-becoming-a-costly-taboo-in-india.html Wed, 06 Nov 2019 11:20:00 +0530 Breast cancer is today the most common cancer prevalent among women across the world, including in India. In fact, Breast cancer accounts for a third of all the cancers that affect women in the country. In recent years breast cancer has overtaken cervical cancer in terms of incidence as well as mortality. The disease which was once considered a problem afflicting affluent nations has now become a major concern in developing countries as well as we transition rapidly to urban lifestyles. Oncologists have expressed concern over the fact that Indian women have been found to display more aggressive forms of cancers at relatively younger ages as compared to those in western countries. Unfortunately, prevalence of taboos and lack of awareness results in late presentation of the disease. At the same time, poor breast cancer screening practices further compound the problem of late diagnosis.  According to an ICMR study the age standardised rate of breast cancer is approximately 25.8 per one lakh women and is expected to rise to 35 per one lakh women by 2026. Late presentation of disease a major concern Indian women live with the largest number of health related problems, and paradoxically with the least number of systemic approaches to tackle them. Several questions come to mind in this regard. Why is the incidence of breast cancer cases rising? Is there a centrally vetted screening program? Why have we failed to achieve our desired goal? Do beneficiaries avail the screening facility? Most importantly, what can we do to tackle the rising incidence and mortality due to it? Early diagnosis of breast cancer accounts for only 30% of all reported cases in India, compared to 70% in the developed world. Since 70% of patients are diagnosed with cancer when the disease is far too advanced (stage 3 or 4), the mortality rate is very high. It is estimated that the five-year survival rate decreases by 2.7 times for breast cancer when it is detected at stage IV as against stage I. Similarly, treatment cost for late stage cancers is 1.5 to 2 times higher than early stage cancers. Late stage presentation is precipitated by two major factors – the absence of proper breast cancer screening programs, and the nonparticipation of patients in such programs, if they exist. There are a number of reasons behind this – unawareness, lack of access to quality healthcare facilities, and socio-cultural attitudes. For a screening program to be successful, the coverage and participation has to be high, and the referral system for the diagnosis and treatment has to be effective. The situation for breast cancer screening is far worse than the screening programs for cervical cancer. Although there is no organized program for screening for cervical cancer, there is a degree of opportunistic screening. For instance, when women visit a healthcare facility for availing reproductive facilities or for a consult regarding gynecological issues, physicians generally order a Papanicolaou test to check for cervical cancer as a precautionary measure. However, we do not have an opportunistic or organized screening program for breast cancer. Using community health workers to educate women The reason for delayed diagnosis in most cases is that the disease is asymptomatic in the early stages, with most patients presenting with just a painless lump. Women hailing from lower socioeconomic groups don’t seek care when they feel a lump in their breast. They are either unaware of what the lump means, or fear the stigma of rejection by their partner and community, or potentially fear losing the breast. There is a major taboo against discussing breast cancer openly, and many of the women are under the erroneous notion that there exists no effective therapy or treatment for the disease. By promoting preventive behavior among individuals, it is possible to make them understand if they are susceptible to the disease, understand the severity of a possibly serious consequence, and the perceived benefit of a positive outcome through an effective course of action. Globally, the most widely implemented tools for a breast cancer exam include mammography, clinical breast exam, and self-exam. Mammography and clinical breast exams can help reduce the mortality toll by down-staging of the disease in asymptomatic women. However, its cost and cumbersome nature prohibit wide use in developing countries. Self-exam is the most feasible and reasonable approach for diagnosing and preventing the late stage disease presentation. Self-exam can be used to spread awareness about breast health among women. Trained health workers can help disseminate knowledge about the condition and encourage women to carry out a self-exam. Unlike the Western world, where patients comply with awareness programs conducted by physicians, Indians show a higher acceptance of health workers as educators. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) must be trained to provide self-exam training for women living in rural and remote areas at their doorstep. Since most of the ASHAs are female and from the same community, it is easier for them to strike up a rapport with the women, and this approach can help strengthen their psychological status by means of community outreach programs. Once we successfully mobilize awareness, we can use opportunistic screening to generate the need for organized screening at the primary level and train more women to perform self-exams. Training women with the help of community health workers can help set off a positive chain reaction that can bring down instances of mortality without any extra pressure on our healthcare system. Although it will not eliminate the disease, it surely holds promise and will help reduce the disease burden and stigma associated with breast cancer to a large extent.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15016/is-telemedicine-filling-the-gap-between-the-tier-2-or-tier-3-cities-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/15016/is-telemedicine-filling-the-gap-between-the-tier-2-or-tier-3-cities-.html Thu, 31 Oct 2019 14:10:00 +0530 Doctor – patient ratio in India is 1:11082!  This does not even meet the prescribed standard of the World Health Organisation i.e. 1:1000 doctor-patients. It is scary but a known fact. In rural areas, the condition is even worse. 70 percent of the Indian population dwells in rural areas where the number of doctors is only a fourth of those in urban areas. Knowing the truth that accesses to quality healthcare services is the fundamental requirement of living beings, such stats are enough to give us chills in the spine. Telemedicine is a product of tech advancements that aims to fill the void of demand and supply in the healthcare sector. Telemedicine connects patients with expert medical practitioners via real-time two-way communication over video calls where patients can remotely consult the best doctors irrespective of time and geographical restriction. A country like India with a severe dearth of specialized doctors in remote areas, stepping out of the conventional healthcare system is non-negotiable. In this case, telemedicine can act as a lifeline. A decade ago, accident victims and patients in rural areas had no or limited access to reliable medical facilities. They had no choice other than rushing to the capital or other metropolitan cities to get good treatment. This, in turn, increases their liabilities as they have to pay additionally for accommodation and travel. Above all, time was the prime factor as many lives were lost due to the long distance between hospital and patient. But telemedicine has turned out to be miraculous for the rural population.  How Telemedicine has fostered a good provider-patient relationship in tier 2 and tier 3 cities In-person encounters offer the opportunity to medical care providers to create a therapeutic relationship with their patients. Face-to-dace interactions also enhance patient satisfaction scores and make them feel more confident about the treatment and outcomes. Though, critics doubt that telemedicine may lead to patient relationship suffering. However, video technology like video calling or video conferencing significantly helped to overcome this challenge. Also, telemedicine enables medical service providers to examine the facial expressions of patients to analyze nonverbal behaviors during a video encounter. Many times, the distance factor also enhances an encounter, especially in behavioral health when patients usually feel more relaxed within the comfort of their home environment than in a sterile office environment. Adding to the convenience of patients, telemedicine delivers a positive experience of speedy access, timesaving, precision, and the power to contact and consult with healthcare providers without any time or geographic restriction. Undoubtedly, rural people have been benefitted from these real-time virtual visits in terms of follow-up consultations as they can do that while sitting in their home or neighborhood. Parallelly, telemedicine has decreased healthcare cost in many ways: Optimized medical resources and staff distribution within a healthcare service and throughout the system. Empowered primary care suppliers to conduct appointments without requiring additional office staff. It provides extending medical assistance as virtual medical providers are not restricted to time. Decreased the financial effect of patient no-shows Enhanced patient engagement Restricted unnecessary hospital visits and admissions          Telemedicine has great potential to alter the future picture of medicine in rural as well as urban settings by enhancing access to high-quality healthcare affordably. Demand for this tech-savvy medical assistance is multiplying already and is sure to accelerate in the future as well. This is because telemedicine has revolutionized the entire scenario of the medical industry and has brought patients from remote areas in contact with good medical practitioners.      ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/14807/how-cloud-medicine-can-change-the-indian-healthcare-sector.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/14807/how-cloud-medicine-can-change-the-indian-healthcare-sector.html Tue, 01 Oct 2019 12:15:00 +0530 A few decades ago, the healthcare sector had an entirely different picture which has been revolved around the perpetual innovation in technology. We are already living in technology-driven age which yet has a huge potential to grow in the coming future. Years from now, the medical industry would witness extreme technology advancements where tech-savvy medical equipment would sample your vitals instantly and would upload your health information on the dedicated platform. Doctors would refer to these health records to analyze your health condition prescribe medicines virtually. Patients would be simply downloading such prescriptions and ordering medicines online which would be delivered at their doorsteps.  The futuristic healthcare model would mark the precision and ease of medical operations to improve life quality and save more lives. Cloud is going to be an integral element to make it possible. Future of Healthcare – Cloud Medicine IT innovations intend to bridge the void of cost-effective, secure and easily accessible healthcare facilities. Cloud has emerged as the most viable technology, assisting hospitals and medical practitioners to expand their footprints beyond geographical boundaries. Microsoft Health and Life Science Division, projected Cloud Medicine as the trending tech for accumulating best managing data in the medical sector, in ‘Healthcare of Tomorrow Conference’, held in Washington. According to the research firm MarketsandMarkets, international adoption for cloud technology in the medical sector is expected to expand from US$3.73 billion in 2015 to more than US$9.5 billion by 2020. How Cloud Medicine is reshaping Indian Health Sector Cloud is significantly facilitating the healthcare segment in deploying advanced medical services including telemedicine, remote monitoring tools, mobile health applications and much more. Gartner’s research also revealed that the intervention of the cloud is rapidly assisting medical organizations in addressing compliance and security concerns. Today, the cloud has built a strong network for all disrupting techs such as Programming learning, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Science across the industry. Moreover, the in-depth research on the changing parameters of healthcare operations suggests that from EHRs to AI-based robotics surgery, mHealth, telemedicine, e-clinics and precision medicine, every medical technology is working under the horizon of ‘Cloud Medicine’. In reference to a case study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute, a medical research company that uses genetic analysis to diagnose and evolve the line of treatment for various diseases like diabetes, cancer, tumor, neurological disorders, etc. The human genome consists of more than 3 billion base pair which creates a human blueprint to make the human body and reveal its information. Cloud has made individual genome mapping possible and easier. Over 30TB genetic data can be processed to prescribe precision medicine for individual treatment within a few hours. Cloud has guided the doctors through TGen genetic screening to plan a different treatment of a child whose tumor was not responding to the chemotherapy. Cloud Medicine helped doctors frame out a personalized treatment which shrank tumor over 80% and the child recovered well. It evident for the scalability of cloud architecture which would empower healthcare service providers to offer personalized treatment to patients. Cloud Technology in Healthcare Cloud acts as a catalyst for advancements in the medical sector to streamline and add values to medical and clinical research efforts. It is offering great access to patients’ health data and supporting digital healthcare solutions including mHealth, EHRs, telemedicine, and several smart connected health devices. The world has entered the ‘Post-EHR’ era as many nations have already adopted the EHR system as a crucial part of their healthcare programs. Now the aim is to find customized treatment for all patients across geographical boundaries and handling the cloud center for the positioning of administration support. The demand for healthcare data storage and archival requirements have swiftly increased with the entrance of big data analysis. Owing to the rising requirements of the medical industry to restrict cost and enhance life and healthcare quality with optimized healthcare IT, the intervention of cloud telephony will increase rapidly in the future. Cloud-Medicine on SAAS based models is the healthcare of the future as it will offer better treatment and quality services anytime anywhere.       ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14800/differentiating-between-dementia-and-alzheimers.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14800/differentiating-between-dementia-and-alzheimers.html Mon, 30 Sep 2019 18:15:00 +0530 Dementia is a syndrome in which there is loss of several overlapping intellectual abilities of brain along with memory loss. Dementia can occur due to a variety of conditions, the most common of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (50-70%). Other types of dementia are - Multiinfarct dementia, Fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus, Lewy body dementia, alcoholic dementia, AIDS, drugs, toxins, head injury and brain tumors. Dementia is the term applied to a group of symptoms that negatively impact memory. When we talk about Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease of the brain that slowly causes impairment in memory and cognitive function. The exact cause is unknown to us and no cure is available. In Alzheimer's disease, initial symptoms are- lack of initiative or lack of interest in work or neglect of routine tasks. Then gradually develop forgetfulness in the form of remembering and recalling the name of a person and difficulty in recalling day to day events. The patient may ask the same question repeatedly, having failed to retain the answer. Difficulty in making judgement and performing tasks requiring several steps, problem solving are found difficult, change in personality and mood, more commonly depression than agitation. Sleep disturbance is quite common along with loss of social interaction. Suspiciousness or frank paranoid behavior is quite troublesome. The patient may have visuospatial disorientation and may get lost even along habitual routes. In advance stage the patient become dependent for day to day activities and ultimately become bedbound. Dementia patients may have variable symptoms mentioned above along with other symptoms according to the underlying cause. In Alzheimer's disease MRI brain shows disproportionate atrophy of hippocampus and enlargement of temporal horn of lateral ventricle. SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and PET (positron emission tomography) show diminished activity in the medial temporal lobe and parietal association area. Distinctive microscopic changes in brain in Alzheimer's disease are- neurofibrillary tangles within nerve cells, neurotic plaque (amorphous material scattered throughout the cerebral cortex) and degeneration of neurons in hippocampus. Although symptoms of the two conditions may overlap, distinguishing them is important for management and treatment.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14760/il-17a-inhibitors-offers-new-wave-of-treatment-efficacy-for-as-patients.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14760/il-17a-inhibitors-offers-new-wave-of-treatment-efficacy-for-as-patients.html Tue, 24 Sep 2019 17:00:00 +0530 There is an urgent need to raise awareness on providing effective and timely treatment to Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients. AS is a condition that usually affects men (25- 40 years) during the most productive years of their lives and can lead to an extremely poor QoL. According to medical experts, there is high incidence of delayed diagnosis for AS with many patients being diagnosed after 6-7 years of disease onset. AS can also cause damage to posture and disrupt mobility if left untreated or in case of severe delay in diagnosis. This leads to bending of the spine and neck to an extent that can cause ‘structural damage progression’ and in some cases, patients could even become wheelchair bound. Traditionally, over a decade ago, biologics such as TNF inhibitors were popularly prescribed by medical experts for AS treatment. However, further trials indicated that safety was also a risk with anti-TNF therapy. However, with further medical research, IL-17A inhibitors have been known to revolutionize the management of ankylosing spondylitis. IL-17 is a cytokine responsible for bone destruction and new bone formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the first non-TNF alpha inhibitor which has shown tremendous results amongst patients living with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). As an alternative cytokine, this new biologic has shown much better results than TNF inhibitors. Medical experts have also expressed that IL-17A inhibitors demonstrated equal efficacy in physical function, controlling inflammation, and slowing down ossification of the axial skeleton than TNF inhibitors. However, the current recommendation is to use it after Anti-TNF failure. Most AS Patients respond faster to IL-17A inhibitors which also help significantly slow down structural damage progression. In a global study, it was indicated that about 80% of AS patients consistently achieved an ASAS 20 response (Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society response criteria) at 3 years with IL-17A inhibitor. This signifies that patients show no progression of structural damage for at least 3 years. Another study also indicated that almost 80 percent of AS patients treated with IL-17A inhibitor biologic had no radiographic progression of the spine at 4 years and exhibited sustained improvement in signs and symptoms. The IL-17A inhibitor biologic works by specifically inhibiting the IL-17A cytokine, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AS. It is equally important that patients with active AS should be systematically examined for any other existing health conditions before starting biological treatment. Medical practitioners should also make the patients aware about the treatment cycle. The long-term goal of treatment in AS patients should extend beyond pain relief, to preventing disability, maintaining mobility for a longer time and ensuring an improved quality of life.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14748/accessibility-in-healthcare-is-key-to-empowering-individuals.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14748/accessibility-in-healthcare-is-key-to-empowering-individuals.html Tue, 24 Sep 2019 10:25:00 +0530 Man’s ingenuity has led to innovation, changing the world and impacting an entire planet. However, no invention can bring about meaningful change if kept in silo, accessibility is key. Currently almost 30% of Indians have access to smartphones and can video call with their distant loved ones because Steve Jobs invented the product, but his followers made it accessible to all.  Entrepreneurs inventing a game changing product or technology need to keep in mind whether my product can be accessible to the masses and not restricted to select few who can afford it. When sanitary pads were made to be commercially available, various MNCs marketed and targeted women who could afford them. What about the poor? It was only until Arunachalam Muruganantham invented a low cost version of the pad that has helped millions of poor Indian women who suffered with poor sanitation related illnesses also putting a burden on the overall healthcare system. Barring few, majority of the Indian diagnostic firms have ensured that their diagnostic tests stay affordable to not only serve the masses but also benefit the population advantage on business economics.  The usual defence is, the initial capital put into R&D and the cost needs to be recuperated through margins. High volume-low margins to low volume-high margin conundrum. The former is what every entrepreneur in India should focus on.  The other aspect of accessibility is not the price point but its sheer physical accessibility. Imagine if the smart phones were large machines installed in certain places almost like ATMs or payphones? Imagine desktop MRI machines becoming so cheap that even the clinics in remotest of villages can house them and villagers can access them. Imagine surgical robots-the next wave of medical innovation, are so easy to use and cheap that they can be installed in almost every hospital in the country and operated by nurses.  A perfectly accessible innovative product or technology is priced to be affordable and physically accessible to all. One without the other is a movement without its heart and mind aligned together.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14708/ayushman-bharat-can-be-a-trailblazer-enhancing-access-to-health-care.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14708/ayushman-bharat-can-be-a-trailblazer-enhancing-access-to-health-care.html Thu, 19 Sep 2019 13:00:00 +0530 The world is facing multiple health challenges. These range from outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles and diphtheria, increasing reports of drug-resistant pathogens, growing rates of obesity and physical inactivity to the health impacts of environmental pollution and climate change and multiple humanitarian crises. To address these and other threats, World Health Organization’s 5-year strategic plan – the 13th General Programme of Work listed out some threats to global health in 2019. Diseases like NCDs, Influenza, HIV and Dengue are some of them.  Dr Vidya Devarajan, Consultant Infectious Diseases,Fortis Malar Hospital, Chennai; Dr Nitin Bansal, Consultant ,Infectious Diseases, New Delhi & Dr Murali Chakravarthy, Head, Critical Care and Infection Control, Fortis Hospital, Bengaluru talk about rising burden of NCDs. HIV First case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in 1986 in India, from then India has come a long way; in terms of detection and enrolling patients in care.  But all is not done yet, and newer challenges have appeared which makes elimination of HIV difficult. As per latest data from NACO and UNAIDS, HIV incidence have decreased by 46% and AIDS related deaths have come down by 22%. The key populations most affected by HIV in India are sex workers (HIV prevalence of 2.2%), gay men and other men who have sex with men (HIV prevalence of 4.3%), people who inject drugs (HIV prevalence of 9.9%) and transgender people (HIV prevalence of 7.2%).There has been a change in the distribution of the HIV across various states. Initially, HIV was more prevalent in southern and western states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Goa and Pondicherry, but now North-eastern states like Mizoram, Nagaland and Manipur top the list, primarily due to IV drug abuse. These are also the states which are poor in terms of health infra-structure. NACO, through its various regional centers provides facilities of testing and treating which is totally free of cost, but we are still a long way from WHO vision of 90-90-90 care. Although people are more aware of safe injection practices, but still injections are given through used syringes in many remote places of India. Discussion on safe sexual practices is still considered a taboo in Indian families. Besides all this, very few centers across India, actually provide a 24 hour comprehensive care (medical and psychological) for HIV patients. Most of the times, NACO centers only run in office hours and work on out-patient basis, in-patient and emergency care is left to the already over-burdened medical colleges to which NACO centers are attached. Another problem, which HIV patients face is when they start failing on 1st line medicines, 2nd line medicines are only available in a select few HIV centers. Situation is not much different in private health infra-structure as many private hospitals choose to refer such patients due to lack of expertise in managing these cases. As a major part of Indian health infra-structure is dependent on private organizations, public private partnership should be conceptualized to make HIV diagnosis and care more accessible to general public. Education regarding safe sex should start at school level. Comprehensive care of IV drug abusers by providing them not only HIV diagnosis and counselling but also drug de-addiction services should be made available at single center.  By continued and more focused approach, we should be able to stop transmission of HIV at national level. Influenza “Prevention is better than cure.” This old phrase holds true for many medical and non-medical issues which humanity faces, and influenza in no exception. This becomes especially important for this disease as there is no good medicine available for Influenza. Oseltamivir which is given to patients infected with influenza has limited role and limited efficacy in complicated cases of influenza. Influenza is of three types (A, B and C), out of which A and B generally cause human disease. H1N1 (more commonly known as swine flu) is only a single strain of Influenza A. Non-H1N1 influenza also contribute to significant burden of overall influenza cases. As per latest FluNet (WHO) and IDSP data, more than 22000 cases have been reported from India in 2019 so far and states like Rajasthan, Gujarat and Delhi have topped the chart. This number is very high as compared to last year in which over 14000 cases were reported and states which topped the list last year were Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. We should also keep in mind is that these are only H1N1 cases; non- H1N1 cases are not reported to IDSP, so go un-noticed, but cause almost similar illness as H1N1. Influenza, which is transmitted by droplets, thrives in moist and humid conditions which is prevalent is most of the Indian states and with ever-increasing inter-state travel, diseases like influenza are difficult to contain. Most of the Indian hospitals (both private and public), lack basic infection control infra-structure, which leads to either patients being referred to higher centers or transmission between patients and health care workers. As treatment and containment of this disease is difficult, policy makers should concentrate on the preventive aspect. Respiratory etiquettes (which include covering nose and mouth with disposable tissue/napkin which coughing and sneezing and avoiding crowded places, if sick) need to be emphasized at public level. Influenza vaccine which is effective in bringing complications related to influenza down, needs to be given every year, but unfortunately is not part of any government immunization programs. Current vaccine is safe for all who are above 6 months of age including pregnant women. Vaccine needs to be made more easily available across all states and all classes of society. Both public and private hospitals need to be up-graded in their infection control practices. Dengue Dengue, a mosquito borne illness, is a major public health threat globally and number of dengue cases have risen up rapidly across all states of India. Over the period 1998–2009, over 82000 dengue cases (incidence: 6.34 per million population) were reported. During a more recent period (2010–2014), over 2 lac cases (incidence: 34.81 per million population) of dengue fever were observed. Thus, the number of dengue cases during the past 5 years has increased markedly, by a factor of ~2.6, with respect to the 1998–2009 period. This rapid rise in cases is likely secondary to unplanned urbanization which lead to increase in breeding places of mosquitoes. Change in temperature is also an important factor in increase transmission by mosquitoes. Extrinsic incubation period (EIP), which is viral incubation period between the time when a mosquito draws a viremic blood meal and the time when that mosquito becomes infectious, decreases as environment temperature rises. Decreasing the EIP by 5 days can lead to a threefold higher transmission rate of dengue, and raising the temperature from 17 to 30 °C increases dengue transmission fourfold. Clinically, dengue can cause mild febrile illness to life threatening hemorrhagic fever and like most other vial illness there is no specific anti-viral drug effective till date. Management of dengue includes fluid therapy and supportive platelet transfusion whenever required. So, basically it comes down to prevention of the disease. Prevention of dengue include reducing mosquitoes breeding places and preventing mosquito bites. Despite, education being spread through various forms of media to reduce breeding places, incidence of dengue have only increased, so we need to concentrate on other aspects of prevention as well. Dengvaxia, dengue vaccine, which was approved in few countries have been taken back due to safety concerns leaving this basket empty and providing an opportunity for the pharmaceutical industry to dig deep into this aspect. Besides this micro-planning needs to be done regarding control of constructional activities at municipal level, which can ultimately reduce breeding places which are out of control of individual families. Controlling mosquitoes, not only helps in reducing dengue but all other mosquito borne illness like Malaria, Zika and Japanese Encephalitis. In conclusion, we have come a long way in managing communicable diseases, but a lot needs to done still. Being rich in resources, we as a nation holds the baton of innovation and its application in preventing these deadly diseases. Ayushman Bharat (NHPS) India is mired with Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, H1N1, pandemic influenza and antimicrobial resistance. We also are deluged with chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer that are now the leading cause of mortality. This is affected in part by demographic changes such as an ageing population, environmental factors (such as climate change, pollution etc) and also by factors such as rapid industrialization, hygiene and altered lifestyle. Indian health infrastructure is not adequate to address the needs to the Indian populace, more so the ones below poverty line. Moreover, the high cost of health care expenditure forces families to sell their assets, pushing a sizable population every year into poverty. To address these challenges, Indian Government introduced the world’s largest government-funded health programme, National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS), covering 10 + crore families or approximately 40 + crore population, with Rs 5 lakh insurance cover per family per year. The scheme is for secondary and tertiary healthcare. This ambitious scheme is likely to benefit around 40% of the population, bringing the poor and vulnerable under it’s umbrella. The government will require Rs 12000 crore for it’s implementation, with cost shared on a 3:2 basis between central and state governments. The Ayushman Bharat programme intends to achieve the following: To improve primary health care. To improve reach of health care to poor Indians who do not have access to quality healthcare which come at prohibitive costs. NHPS, can be a trailblazer, enhancing access to health care including early detection and treatment services to a large section of society who are deprived as the cost is out of reach for them. Beneficiaries are identified with Aadhar and provided follow up for services and health outcomes tracked, thereby helping to monitor and evaluate the impact of the programme. Ultimately, Ayushman Bharat could help country move towards universal health coverage and equitable access to healthcare. The most critical issue to address remains scarcity of health worker in some states, remote areas, towns – generally outside major cities. Most primary health care centers suffer from continuous shortage of doctors and even many district hospitals do not have specialists.  Therefore, public sector health care have improved quality and inadequate, making patients go to private sector. Ayushman Bharat like initiatives therefore need to be supported by a more robust public healthcare infrastructure behind which can provide quality healthcare and access.  Otherwise, as of the patients get driven to private sector and eventually the scheme benefits the private sector, this makes it unviable in the long run. Therefore parallel set up robust public health set up is a must for such public welfare schemes to run successfully.  To summarize, Ayushman Bharat is definitely a very visionary initiative. It has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare landscape of India. A lot of it depends, however on how well the scheme is implemented, how the public healthcare infrastructure scales up to address the requirements of the Indian populace.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14675/self-sustaining-guide-for-young-startups-in-todays-competitive-market.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14675/self-sustaining-guide-for-young-startups-in-todays-competitive-market.html Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:00:00 +0530 A dream of becoming an entrepreneur in itself is one of the most courageous decision someone can take in his or her life and success of the same is mostly driven by their passion, dedication and discipline. An entrepreneur goes through various stages, the journey of becoming an entpenure starts from convincing himself or herself of his capabilities and idea and then making people believe in the ideas & dream to start a Company. After convincing stage, the biggest stage is funding, for any dream to become a reality and then take this to the next level of survival and sustainability.  In this competitive environment and increased competition, majority of startups are eyeing on angel investors as they bring financial support and play a vital role from conception to fulfillment while at the same time, it is important to understand that not all of them ever make it to the final round of the angel investment. Yes, less than 1% of startups get funded and the rest are left with only one option, 'whether to continue or to drop the idea?'. For many, an exit plan seems a better choice; but, for the strong-headed, it's not a choice. So, what exactly is an option for those? On the other hand, some of the statistics suggest that more than 80% of the startups are self-funded, majorly surviving on personal savings, credits, money from family and friends, and still make it big. What becomes the motivating and deciding factor and how do such startups flourish is the important aspect to look at. Self-funding or bootstrapping is now gradually becoming a trend where owners try to maximize their current human capital before moving to the self-generated funds to move their idea from conceptualization to success. Here's is why bootstrapping makes sense for any modern age idea: Unlike any traditional business, business owners today prefer to incorporate their idea in parallel to their job. Why? Experts suggest to not quit your job until you are making enough in your business. There is a significant risk in quitting your day job in the beginning when most of the procedures are still under process and logistics are also establishing. Your one source of income may not be enough to cover all the overhead costs and your previous bills. And in case you try to subsidize your startup with credits, keeping a check on cash flow could become a hassle. Not until the business is capable of adding an extra digit to your current pay, it is advisable not to ditch the day job. In other words, paying your way could sustain the business and smoothen your transition from employment to entrepreneurship. ‘You spend wisely when it's your money’. Doesn't this imply that you are more careful with your money than anybody else's? When your startup is funded by an investor, your vision may blur and you may be tempted to scale a little bit or diversify before it's time. From hosting success parties for anything and everything becomes a habit, you over-burden yourself with premature expenses, and a lot more. It is not the case with your money, where you try not to sink in a lot of money on a lot of unnecessary things. Hence, to keep your boat afloat, it is important to take baby steps and analyze the market accordingly. Your money, your decisions: At the time when your business is under debt you incur risks, in addition to that you are obliged to work in accordance with the creditors, which means you lose control. There is a business term known as debt-to-capital ratio, which means a business’s total debt to total assets in proportion. When a company’s ratio is above a certain limit, it is considered to be in losses. Almost certainly, your startup will start with next to no capital, in which case any debt you bring about will make your debt ratio to soar in all respects rapidly! Rather than looking for the best investments, look for the best possible ways to sustain yourself on your own, such as: Offer something unique. Idea is to keep providing unique solutions to attract masses and in case your product or service is already unique, new areas would incorporate adding additional services on the web to improve customer services, and choices for business to supplement buyer’s involvement. These enable you to get new development without battling the existing contenders. Characterizing new areas is considered to be incredible. Keep re-defining. This technique, regularly called breakaway positioning, has the purpose of extending your product catalog into a formerly inaccessible area. It additionally has a bit of leeway over contenders for holding existing clients, while in the meantime pulling in new clients from another vertical. Inculcate disruptive technology. As opposed to the idea of depending just on one form of machine learning, the best businesses are continually hoping to offer in parallel an increasingly advanced option. Since these normally require a huge speculation, and additional time, including employee training, they should begun while your present business is as yet sound. Market it better. Social Media Marketing (particularly Facebook) is basically useful for structured brands. Try not to utilize Facebook to sell your items. Rather, sell your convincing story, which individuals will like and share. Ensure you incorporate components that are engaging; this will expand the post’s share-ability. Individuals go to Facebook to rejuvenate. So abstain from putting in unnecessary information, such as selling an item. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14645/relationship-between-exercise-and-the-brain-and-the-impact-of-fitness-on-learning.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14645/relationship-between-exercise-and-the-brain-and-the-impact-of-fitness-on-learning.html Tue, 10 Sep 2019 00:00:00 +0530 How exercise can improve learning The book entitled Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain gives indisputable evidence to support the argument that exercise can help students do better in school. The book looks deeply at the relationship between exercise and the brain. It strongly supports that aerobic exercise improves the brain for great performance. The writer, Dr. John J. Ratey, Harvard Medical School’s associate clinical professor of psychiatry, notes that exercise enhances learning in three ways: It makes your mindset better, thus enhancing alertness, attention, and motivation. It prepares and promotes binding together of nerve cells, facilitating logging of new information It encourages the development of new nerve cells from the hippocampus Experiment to prove that exercise improves learning One school set out to prove the point that exercise improves learning. The school started an early morning exercise program that they called Zero Hour whose aim was to determine if working out before school could improve students reading ability and other learning areas. The school registered improved performance in wellness as well as academic performance. Speaking of improved wellness, athletes can also improve their wellness by incorporating steroids in their routine to supplement their diet and workouts. To reap the maximum benefits from the steroids, it is critical to buy them from reliable sellers like Steroids Evolution to be sure that they get quality products. Exercise may enhance students’ mental health Dr.Rattey’s research also brings out another dimension by showing that exercise can help to prevent a significant number of health issues that can interfere with students' learning ability. Some of those issues that exercise helps to deal with include: Stress Students experience significant stress from their workload, peer pressure, and other factors, and this can affect their performance. Exercise not only regulates the physical and emotional effects of stress but also works at the cellular level. Physical activities help to naturally prevent the negative effects of chronic stress and reverse them. People who are active in physical activities also tend to be more socially active, thus improving their confidence and helping to start and keep social connections. Depression Those who manifest depressive symptoms can benefit from aerobic exercise. According to studies, exercise stimulates the production of endorphins, and they contribute to an overall feeling of wellbeing. Workouts also boost the production of dopamine, which is responsible for good moods, and jump-start the concentration span. Students with depressive moods can benefit a great deal from thirty minutes of moderate exercise several days a week. Anxiety and panic disorders While anxiety is a natural response to threat, anxiety disorder is worrying despite there being no real threat to the point of becoming dysfunctional. On the other hand, a panic is an extreme form of anxiety. Students suffer panic attacks during tests and other situations in their school life. A significant number of studies show that aerobic exercise significantly minimizes the effect of anxiety disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Exercise is also beneficial to students suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who find school a difficult environment due to the need to sit motionlessly, face one direction, and listen. These students can benefit from structured exercises like martial arts, ballet, gymnastics, and skateboarding. Conclusion Exercise has a close connection with the brain and plays a crucial role in learning. Giving students challenging fitness programs has many benefits. They help the student to build social relations, learn to mix up activities and stick to a routine, all of which are necessary for a healthy body and brain that promotes learning. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14631/treating-allergic-rhinitis-with-digital-health-and-real-life-care-pathways.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14631/treating-allergic-rhinitis-with-digital-health-and-real-life-care-pathways.html Fri, 06 Sep 2019 16:50:00 +0530 Allergic rhinitis (AR) is usually a longstanding condition that often goes undiagnosed in primary care settings. In AR, the oversensitive immune system reacts to allergens like dust, pollen, mould, or fur/skin flakes of certain animals. The allergen/s cause swelling of blood vessels, nasal congestion, and increased mucus production, resulting in runny nose. AR may lead to sleep difficulty, drowsiness, decreased productivity and concentration. It can also make asthma worse and lead to other serious conditions. AR can be seasonal, where allergy symptoms occur as a result of seasonal changes. Pollen is the most common cause of seasonal AR. When allergic symptoms occur throughout the year, it is termed as perennial AR. Dust mites, mould, or animal/s can be a source of perennial AR. Viral rhinitis, drug-induced rhinitis, and hormonal rhinitis occur without allergies. Certain food products, exercise, cold/dry air, air pollution, and strong smells can also trigger rhinitis. Recent research highlights that severe, refractory, and mixed forms of AR are increasing and represent a certain socio-economic burden. More than half of the patients with AR use multiple medications and don’t feel satisfied with the symptoms scores. Also, AR is generally not considered as an important disease: many patients do not take appropriate medical advice, self-diagnose/self-medicate or take alternative/complementary medicines. High Burden of Uncontrolled AR in India Scientific research from different parts of India has reported a sharp increase in IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Diverse climates, rapid urbanization, vegetation/deforestation, and food habits have given rise to various allergens - pollen spores, fungi, and dust mites. This diversity changes the protein content and antigenicity to the allergens. According to the Indian College of Allergy, Asthma, and Applied Immunology (ICAAI) guidelines, more data is required to understand the interplay between allergens and allergic symptoms. Skin prick test is still used in India as the first-line method to detect IgE-mediated allergic reactions. These extracts are usually not standardized and are of low quality. In comparison, western countries utilize advanced diagnostic tools like ImmunoCAP and allergen microarray based on recombinant technology. Such tools have revolutionized molecular diagnosis. Western countries have also progressed in therapeutic measures for allergy-immunotherapy with hypoallergenic variants, allergen-derived peptides/fragments, and genetically engineered allergen derivatives. Immunotherapeutic tools like these are sparsely used in India. Integrated Care Pathways: MASK and POLLAR Integrated care pathways (ICPs) are multidisciplinary, patient-centric care plans. They enable integrationof technologies to assess the disease based on the best evidence and algorithms. An ICP tracks clinical records, documents the care provided, and facilitates continuous quality improvement. MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network) is a patient-centred ICP developed by the European Commission. It is a mobile phone app (formerly Allergy Diary, now called MASK-air) available in 23 countries. This app uses a visual analogue scale to assess the symptoms of AR and work productivity. MASK aims to provide clinical care pathways in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity including the geolocation of AR patients. POLLAR (Impact of air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis) combines data from MASK-air and uses machine learning to understand the interactions between allergic diseases, sleep, and air pollution. It allows queries on the allergen, pollen, and existing pollution data. The geographic information system maps the results and warns users about pollen or pollution risk level in their region. These apps stratify AR patients based on the severity of rhinitis and response to treatment. Therapy can be selected based on age, prominent symptoms, severity, patient preferences, and cost. Health care professionals and patients can make joint decisions on treatment and step-up or step-down therapy depending on AR control. Data from these apps is also utilized in research and clinical trials. Guidance for Industry U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research have introduced a guidance document (2018) to assist sponsors in the development of drug products for the treatment of AR. It addresses issues related to trial design, efficacy, and safety of new products. The document recommends that real-world setting should be used in AR for dose exploration studies as other exposure models may not accurately predict the real-world clinical responses. It also encourages web and technology-based tools for day-by-day monitoring of patients. Sponsors are encouraged to define clinically meaningful endpoints and provide a rationale for this selection when designing AR protocols. Continuous collection of efficacy and safety data after treatment discontinuation is also suggested. Exploring Opportunities with Real-World Data for AR In India Stakeholders in the healthcare system can utilize real-world data (RWD) to understand the interaction between allergic sensitization and causative agents. Correlation between environment, geographical location, occupation, residence, age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, concomitant medications, compliance, and frequency of hospitalizations can be identified in real-life populations.This information can also be used to support randomized clinical trials and research studies. Patient engagement platforms can be used to inform high-risk patients in advance and allow doctors to track treatment progress, obtain clinical data, compare multiple interventions, estimate risk-benefit, and provide the best advice to the patient. It is possible to explore not just the effectiveness of the interventions but also inquire where these are most and least effective. THB, Asia’s largest and fastest-growing clinical intelligence company, recently conducted a real-world evidence study from the data of 113K AR patients in India. It was found that only 10% of patients receive a timely diagnosis of AR out all the those who complain of allergy-like symptoms, 70% of the patients received a confirmed diagnosis of AR after more than 6 months, and 20% remained undiagnosed due to a lack of awareness. Substantial population across India was found to have high sensitization to common AR triggers, indicating the need for timely diagnosis. Mobile technologies combined with RWD/RWE have potential to identify gaps in current therapy and offer new tools in the management of chronic diseases like AR. These technology-assisted pathways are set to transform the digital health ecosystem and optimize patient care and participation. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14617/ignoring-oral-health-may-lead-to-sensory-problems.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14617/ignoring-oral-health-may-lead-to-sensory-problems.html Thu, 05 Sep 2019 16:25:00 +0530 Ignoring Oral Health issues or tooth loss considering them as petty health problems could be a grave mistake as teeth connect with other organs in the body through nerves which help in sensory reception and proprioception (sense of position and movement).  Generally, tooth loss is known to cause difficulty in speaking and mastication. However, it is lesser known to cause sensory complications like difficulty in stereognosis and proprioception. Studies show long-term changes in brain structure caused by tooth loss and anxiety and depression can be attributed to tooth loss and also cause other sensory, motor cognitive and emotional problems.  It is therefore, advised to never ignore tooth loss as the jawbone needs teeth for regeneration and to remain healthy. As per the scientific literature, after tooth loss, the bone beneath starts degenerating making the entire jawbone weak, prone to infections and even fracture. Besides, it also gives the face a more aged look.  All these problems can be easily prevented just by opting for dental implants which stabilizes the jawbone, retains the natural feature of jaws and even prevent the sensory problems.  Dental implants are the modern tooth-replacement method using titanium implant which act like the root attached with natural resembling dental crown. The only visible part of the implant is the natural-looking crown while the implant rests down in jawbone beneath the gum line to give a firm hold to the implant. Titanium, the biocompatible metal, completely fuses with the jawbone with time giving the feel of natural tooth by a process called osseointegration. Implants have many advantages over the old methods of tooth replacement as it offer a permanent solution, gives a natural look and require no further maintenance as other methods like dentures or bridgeworks require. Further, the implants belong to various categories based on their surface. Certain Implants surfaces are coated with hydroxylapatite and other having plasma coating. The design coupled with surface treatment differentiates one type from another. Mainly there are two kinds of dental implants- Endosteal and subperiosteal. Endosteal rests in the bone while subperiosteal implants rest on jawbone under the gum tissue. However, based on their success, now endosteal implants are in use.  Apart from tooth replacement, implants also help in other dental treatments. They are used to secure removable dentures functioning as anchorage devices. Further, Mini implants are used for Orthodontic treatments and for moving teeth. These are extremely thin implants which help in moving teeth to the desired position. They are temporarily fixed to the bone for the purpose and removed after the purpose is served.  The use of software coupled with intraoral screening makes it easier to select the size of the implant, its location and the angle at which it should be placed for best success. In many cases, where there is very small jawbone left or no bone at all for anchoring, grafting of bone is required. Another way to go for implantation in such a case is to derive support from the basal bone. In Basal implantology, cortical portion of jawbones is used for placing implants specifically designed for implantation in basal bone. The basal bone has different characteristics and is dense, less prone to infections and provides a strong base to support implants. For those who have lost all their teeth due to decay or gum disease, a stable and comfortable denture can be provided using four implants known as All-on-4 Implant.  For implantation of a complete denture; 14 teeth can be built on 6 implants, called as ‘All on 6’ in dental terminology. With advancements made in implants and treatment procedures, the success rate of dental implant today is close to 98% and above based on quality and quantity of bone and the clinical skills of the Implantologist. As per current trends, the global dental implants market is expanding at a fast rate and is expected to reach USD 8.06 billion by 2026. The market trends indicate rising awareness about oral healthcare and its importance among people.      ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14612/heres-how-to-choose-health-insurance-for-parents-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14612/heres-how-to-choose-health-insurance-for-parents-.html Thu, 05 Sep 2019 00:00:00 +0530 This is where  best health insurance for parents comes into the picture. Why Is Health Insurance for Parents A Must? Life expectancy has improved over the past few years, which means people now live till the age of 70 or more. While the life expectancy has improved, so have the number of diseases. Therefore, one needs to be financially prepared for medical emergencies that come with advanced age. Senior citizens most often do not have a stable income source, particularly, if they are retired. Thus, they need a helping hand to cover their medical costs. Even if your parents do have an insurance policy which was provided by their employer, it will lapse as soon as they retire. Inflation in medical costs is escalating, and thus, it will be impossible for most senior citizens to pay their medical bills in future All these reasons indicate why purchasing health insurance for parents is crucial. While many people make it an inevitable duty to purchase this insurance for their parents, others disregard it owing to certain myths and misconceptions. Below, we have tried to shatter some of the common myths related to health policy for senior citizens. Take a look! Pre-Existing Medical Conditions Many times, people tend to think that as their parents already have health issues, health insurance will not be available. However, there are a ton of options available in the market which covers different pre-existing conditions. So, it is all a matter of research before finalizing the plan that suits your parents or family. Parents are Old to be Covered Under a Policy Similar to the point mentioned above, here too you have to put in some efforts. You will have to find a health policy that will cover your parent’s age. There are, in fact, a lot of policies in the market that are designed mainly for super senior citizens, i.e. the people above 80 years of age. Reimbursement Will be a Hassle Claiming compensation from an insurance company does require some effort, but it is not a complete hassle. Small efforts are needed for the reimbursement process, either, it is the cashless mode or the cash mode. You merely have to submit the hospital reports and the relevant medical bills in order to claim the sum insured, and you will get your claim in a specified period. Things to Look for In Health Insurance for Senior Citizens   Age Limit You must always choose an insurance policy that provides cover for people over the age of 60 and allows entry up to the age of 80. The plan should also offer guaranteed renewal option after that. This is essential because you would want to cover your parents for as long as it is possible. Hence, when picking a plan for your folks, check till what age the policy can be renewed. Critical Illness Cover Before selecting an insurance policy, always check its terms and conditions thoroughly. A lot of clauses exist, which exclude certain pre-existing conditions or ailments. You just need to ensure that the exclusion list is the smallest possible. Pre-Existing Illness Critical Illnesses like cancer, stroke treatment in India and renal failure are not only hard to handle emotionally but financially too. So, you must always look for a plan that offers you critical illness top-up with your basic health policy. These top-ups come at a small price, but payback is a hefty sum. Waiting Period Every health insurance policy comes with an initial waiting period. Generally, the initial waiting period is for the first 30 days since the date of policy issuance, except in the case of hospitalisation or accidental injuries. If there is a pre-existing disease, many insurers have a 2-4 year waiting period. Co-payment Health insurance for senior-citizens may come with a co-payment clause, where the policyholder pays a fixed percentage of the medical expenses out of their pocket. For instance, in the case of an 80:20 co-payment clause, the policyholder will bear the cost of 20% of the medical expenses. So, if the co-payment percentage is higher, the annual premium paid will be lower as the risk borne by the insurer is less. Summing Up Purchasing health insurance is essential, and even more necessary when it is for your parents. By buying a good health policy for them, you can ensure that they will get the care they require, without worrying about the increasing treatment costs. So, hurry up and start looking for the best health insurance policies in India for senior citizens. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14540/tips-to-save-money-from-salary-for-healthcare-professionals.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14540/tips-to-save-money-from-salary-for-healthcare-professionals.html Tue, 27 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0530   Making a plan right when you start working is the best way to fund and fulfill your aspirations. However, the task is not easy. It takes a lot of sacrifices on your end to not spend extravagantly on fulfilling your desires while keeping the needs met.  If you have been working for a long time now and still find it challenging to save money from your salary, then this article is for you.  Here, I will take you on the rundown to various useful tips, considering which, you will be able to save money.    So, let’s roll.    #1. Make a Budget The first essential for saving is practicing the art of budgeting. It means you first have to reconcile your income with the expenses. You may use a notepad, laptop, mobile application, or any other means as you like to prepare a list of your monthly payments. By jotting down your monthly expenses, you will be able to know how much you spend on various things.    This will also help you in deciding the unnecessary expense you make each month, and you can keep those in control.    Once you know your monthly expenses, start with keeping 10-20 percent of your salary aside. You may use a recurring deposit or any other mode to save this amount of salary every month.   #2. Frame Your Goals Saving is a smart habit, but it is not enough to save. You need to act quicker and set specific financial goals. People usually save aggressively and end up jeopardizing their goals. This is a mistake that most of the investors make.    List your goals and divide them into categories, including short, medium, and long term goals. See how much time it will take to attain the set goal and then save accordingly. Also, remember that the cost of achieving these goals may excite, so prepare yourself accordingly.    #3. Invest Smartly  Well, when it comes to saving, the biggest dilemma faced by most of the people is ‘where to invest.’ To start with, you may go for recurring or fixed deposits. This will help you in doing the savings right. After this, when you finally prioritize your goals, turn these savings into investment.    Also, make sure that your mode of investment is legal and smart, so that you may get maximum returns in the future. People usually get stuck between which method of investment to choose. Do not select aggressively and keep exploring the investment market till you do not find the right investment option.    #4. Automatic Savings   Almost all the banks these days offer automated transfers. This is a simple way to save money since you do not have to worry about saving each month manually. Also, your temptation to spend money casually gets controlled. With mobile and online banking, you may easily set up an automatic saving for yourself.  To know more about how automatic savings will benefit you, you may go through this automatic savings plan.    #5. The 50:20:30 Rule You may spend as much as you want, and your bills will be taken care of automatically but in a dream world. When you wake up, you will realize that this might only happen if you a limitless source of income. Well, this is also a dream.    So, to be #pocketsmart, you have to take care of many things, including how much you spend, on what things you spend, and many more. Your spending pattern is related to your savings. Understanding your salary breakup will work wonders for you.    To keep things easy, you may follow the 50:20:30 rule. It says that you must spend 50 percent of your salary on your needs, 30 percent on your wants, and the remaining 20 percent should be your savings. This rule will help you do the savings effortlessly while keeping your expenditures on track.    Following this percentage-based budget, you will also be able to control your expenditures on your wants. You may limit spending on your desires and use the same amount of money for your savings.  #6. Avoid Discounts Most of us get lured by the attractive discount offers and end up spending an extravagant amount of money on buying the stuff which we do not even need. My advice to you is to keep control on yourself and do not get attracted by these sound-amazing offers. This is one of the best ways to keep your money with you rather than wasting it on things that you do not even need.    Wrapping it Up Saving is an integral part of life. If you save wisely, then you never have to face any last-minute financial crunch. To make sure that you save a wise amount of money each month, you may follow the tips I have mentioned above. If you consider these tips, you will be able to make an informed decision about your financial planning and thus, save more.  Also, to prevent spending extravagantly, make sure that you do not spend unnecessarily. Once you master the art of savings, keep yourself informed about the hyped-up prices of your set goals, and adjust the amount of your savings accordingly.  I hope the provided information will help you with setting your budget and saving more wisely. Also, if you have any other tips which might help with saving better, feel free to share the same in the comment section below.    Happy Savings!!   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14541/video-marketing-secrets-in-business-of-bioindustry-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14541/video-marketing-secrets-in-business-of-bioindustry-.html Tue, 27 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0530 We all are familiar with the Digital Marketing trends and its various disciplines where content marketing, social media marketing, mobile advertising, PPC and many others, play a vital role in shaping the advertising industry years ahead. The progressions and advancements can’t come to a halt where, today, digital trends have inclined more towards customer experience, data, personalization, consumer interest, and a lot more. The marketing mantra to be followed is Educate, Entertain and Engage in a fast and furious way and a “Video” does it all. Keeping an exception of 3%, 97% of marketers agree that a visual description of a product/service helps to raise user understanding. More than half the proportion of the business owners stand by saying Video Marketing helps to earn the best ROI.  The Digital Marketing industry can’t be imagined without Videos. Video and its forms are here to stay for long where many social platforms have been quick to adjust them( like Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, etc.)   Stand Out with Video Marketing   Everyday changes occur, and something new is invented. If realized, people have changed their mode to look for information, find new brands (products/services), make a purchasing decision, etc.    Gartner says, “ Websites supporting visual and voice search are likely to witness more than 30% hike in their ROI by 2021.”      Buyers don’t stay in a single lane and get laid by the one who engages with them in the most realistic and interactive way, irrespective of whether you are a B2B or B2C marketer. To be honest, if you don’t have a purposeful story to visually portray, like that of a one-in-a-million story, then you probably need to find another way out to stand out in the competition.   Video Promotion Types: Video Graphics Compelling images Original artwork GIFs Other visuals   One can take the help of any of these to boost your conversions, hike engagement rates and accelerate revenue as 53% of people engage with a brand after watching a video of the same.   Now, let’s just place our focus on how a business can market itself uniquely being out of the box and bring the most out of its campaigning efforts. Here are some recommendations and suggestions to follow:   # No, ‘Not just a Video’, it must possess a Purpose! On  average, a consumer gets his inbox flooded with around 10,000 plus brand messages out of which, some put an effort to add a few visual elements which are more generic and lack context. This is no less than a risk where this attempt may turn off your prospects without even onboarding them on your digital journey.   “A Video must possess a Purpose to deliver desired results!”   Something that looks original isn’t enough anymore. Your video story must educate the viewers in an entertaining way and portray the real purpose of branding with a storytelling rigor. Humans are visual learners where nearly 65% of the masses are inclined towards visual learning which assures that consumers can retain more and recall better from the visual content. # Portray a ‘TRUE’ Video Story and Strategy A visual that is created must be TRUE. By saying True, I mean something different.   T: Targeting R: Relevant U: Unique E: Engaging   You all might agree with the TRUE abbreviation. Targeting ensures that your video and its content maps well with the buyer’s journey, Relevancy assures that you are not out of the track and display the meaningful even with the limit restrictions. Uniqueness is what makes out how you be different from others so that a viewer must pick you instead of your competitor and Engaging is the real goal which needs to be acquired as if you can hook up the viewer for more than 10s your video may succeed bringing you leads and customers.   Apply the TRUE strategy in a true sense as you are not merely competing against similar products/services but against other businesses to stay ahead and be visible.    Video Marketing is a discipline of digital marketing which is setting the stage on fire and is ready to dominate the industry with its breakthrough results. Various video forms can help you solve your different motives. One can look upon animated explainer video, whiteboard video, 2D animation, 3D animation and much more.   The marketing domain is upgraded with all-new features, disciplines, and strategies, adjusting well in different business types. There are many video production experts who can help you out bringing the best out of your business promotion.  # Google Loves Video It's undeniable if I say that the Videos are great at conveying messages in an effective way than text and images as a visual data can hit a human brain nimbly at all the right places, and luckily at the right time. They make communication efficient and smooth that achieves the goal of digital marketing as a whole to spread your message across. Videos can do a lot when well optimized and perfectly aligned with the goal of SEO. Businesses embedding videos on their sites have an upper hand over others as they increase their chances of getting ranked high on search engines by the proportion of 53% where they can even  enhance their conversion rates by 80%, which is a great percentile. # The Video Length “Audience engagement is inversely proportional to the Video Length.” Nowadays, to have a catch hold of people’s attention is no less than a hard nut to crack. What do you do first when you encounter a video notification of Facebook feed or any other favorite application? Is it that you directly open the video? No, no ways. You check its length, see whether it's worth your time and then press play.  The video length is one of the influencing factors to attract prospects, the lengthy the video the more chances are there that the lead will be lost.  What if the length of the video is two minutes, is that time enough for covering all the aspects of the story? Whatever medium you choose, make sure that you consider the fact, where your potential lead will encounter your story, and how quickly can you get them engaged within it and what do you want your viewer to do after they have seen your video.   For a detailed understanding, check out a well explained HubSpot post on ‘How Long a Video must be?’. Afterwords   Videos will Dominate and Infographics will Rule! Without any traces of doubt businesses will incline towards embedding videos in their emails, posts, brand ads, social media and much more to appeal online and be a step closer to their target audience. Visual elements and visual search ain’t going anywhere soon, instead are the trending fields of marketing and technology which are taking grounds where any business cannot afford to miss investing in videos and its other types. Digital Marketing today isn’t only restricted to making a profit but it is to go beyond the traditional norms and make a breakthrough in the industry by being more rational and visible where video marketing aims to fulfill the same. A 30s video clip can do wonders and enhance your growth index with a 10x multiplier.  Get Set Video!  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14523/unveiling-the-principles-of-3rs.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14523/unveiling-the-principles-of-3rs.html Sat, 24 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0530 The three Rs are scientific guiding principles that augment the efforts for the ethical and more humane treatment of animals in research. In 1959, the term ‘Rs’ was first described by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in the book- “The principles of Humane Experimental Research”. Right from the onset, these principles have been adopted by national as well as international legislation to measure and to check their animal research practices. The principles have also been embedded into the directives of organizations, which undertake or aid animal research in any direct or indirect way. It is to be noted that, many countries have explicitly adopted the principles of 3Rs in their modes and directives. The UK has implemented the 3Rs through a national organization named as National Centre for Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animals in research, which is also called as NC3Rs.    A LOWDOWN ON THE 3Rs The preeminent pillars of the 3Rs are the following three principles: Replacement Reduction Refinement Let us understand the significance of these three principles in detail. Replacement: In the original context, this principle was against the use of vertebrates for research. They placed emphasis on the fact that sentience leads to suffering. Use of invertebrates instead of vertebrates was chosen to be an acceptable alternative. But recent research and interpretations have emphasized on the use of non-animal methods for executing various researches. A need is being propagated to develop various models, tools, and techniques that totally replace the use of animals in any kind of research. However, NC3Rs backs the use of certain invertebrates in research practices. They have propagated relative replacement instead. Keeping in mind the above deliberations, we can bifurcate this principle into two categories, namely Full replacement (total avoidance of animals in any kind of research and testing) and Partial replacement (it restricts the use of animals which cannot take any kind of suffering but allows for the use of invertebrates and other species as the experiment might deem fit). Reduction: The main motive of this principle is to reduce the number of animals used in research. We have to understand that using animals in research is a common practice because the physiology and to some extent features of animals are closest to humans. Animals can also be trained to mimic any desired human condition, which might be a prerequisite for testing. But this entire practice is not just unethical but also criminal in the context of its scope and capacity. Any kind of research done on the animals inflicts tremendous torture, pain, and sufferings. In order to curb this practice, various modules and frameworks are being developed those restrict the number of animals used in research work. Proper and strategic planning needs to be undertaken that elucidates properly the need and scope of having an animal in the experiment in the first place. Also, unnecessary usage of animals in the name of research can be quelled. The experiments are required to be thoughtfully planned and executed with the output for optimum usage of animals for experimentation.  Refinement: The crux of this principle is to modify and tweak the methods used in experimentation in order to make them less agonizing for the animals being used in research. This includes conducting a well thought of research and development in the fields of animal welfare so as to devise strategies that minimize their pain during experiments. Various technologies and contemporary researches pertaining to the matter need to be explored and studied. Some of the techniques that can be adopted might include the usage of less invasive experiments like indoctrinating admissible dosage of anesthesia or other analgesic regimes for relieving the pain or trauma. Animals should also be trained to cooperate willingly with the proceedings and demand of the research work in order to reduce the trauma and distress. Apart from these, the environment that berths the animals should also be conducive to their needs and requirements. A harrowing and dingy habitat also causes unnecessary trauma to the animals and instills in them a sense of fear and duress.  The need for research and development shall find greater impetus in the coming times owing to an ever-evolving holistic environment. Disruptive technologies have taken over the world in every known field. Adhering to these principles is cardinal for a balanced and ethical approach towards research and development involving the usage of animals in some way or the other. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14443/looking-for-the-most-affordable-life-cover-buy-term-insurance.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14443/looking-for-the-most-affordable-life-cover-buy-term-insurance.html Tue, 13 Aug 2019 00:00:00 +0530 The magic of starting to concentrate on these things is that you create a positive environment in your family, feeding you with motivation to always make them happy. Having said that, in addition to doing these small things which contribute to familial contentment, you must likewise ensure the financial stability of your loved ones at all times, even in your absence. The best way to move forward in this direction is to by ‘Term Insurance’. Term insurance is the most affordable type of life cover embedded with many benefits for you and your family. Here’s a list of some vital benefits that this life cover offers: Low Premiums One of the significant advantages of term insurance is its lower premiums in comparison to other life insurance products. With term insurance, you just pay for the death benefit, which is the lump sum amount that your nominee receives upon your demise during the policy period. There is no investment component in term plans, and therefore, the premiums are low. For instance, Max Life Insurance’s Online Term Plan Plus offers a 28-year-old individual a life cover of Rs. 1 Crore for a premium of just Rs. 563/month. And if the cover is bought at an early age, the monthly premium even comes down by a considerable amount. All in all, this affordable life cover is the best choice for individuals in their family-formation years, as it allows them to buy sufficient coverage at a low price. Comprehensive Financial Benefits For a sole bread earner of the family, term insurance is a must. In case something happens to the bread earner, the term plan pays the sum assured (coverage amount) to the family. This ensures that the financial goals of the family like education, marriage, etc. are not jeopardized even in the absence of primary breadwinner.  Not only this, term insurance allows you to attach riders or add-ons to your basic plan to enhance your coverage. These add-ons come with minimal additional cost and offer comprehensive financial protection against critical illnesses and accidents.  These add-ons include: Accelerated Critical illness Add-on: The life assured receives an accelerated payout if diagnosed with a critical illness Accidental Death Benefit Add-on: Upon the demise of the life assured due to an accident, this rider offers his nominees an additional sum assured  Flexibility To Increase Life Cover As you progress in life, your responsibilities increase, especially when you get married or start a family. Along these lines, your term insurance coverage should increase too, to take care of your responsibilities in your absence.  Customizable term plans account for your growing needs and allow you to increase your life cover at important milestones of your life. For instance, life insurer like Max Life Insurance offers term plans with ‘Life-Stage Benefit Option’ to increase your life cover at various crucial stages of your life like: Marriage Childbirth House Purchase What’s more, you can enhance your life cover without going through documentation and medicals again. Tax Benefits If you buy a term plan, you can get tax advantages under Section 80C of the IT Act. Meaning, you can avail tax deduction in the given financial year for the premiums that you pay for your term plan. The maximum deduction available in this case is Rs. 1.5 lakhs.  In addition, when the death claim is paid to your nominees, they don’t have to pay any tax on it as it is completely tax-free. All in all, these term insurance benefits make it an indispensable plan to secure the financial future of your dear ones. So, make sure to purchase the right plan that suits your needs. Most importantly, buy your plan only from a trusted insurer who has a strong record of claim settlement ratio.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14431/india-continues-to-perform-poorly-on-organ-donation-is-it-time-to-adopt-the-opt-out-model-of-organ-donation.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14431/india-continues-to-perform-poorly-on-organ-donation-is-it-time-to-adopt-the-opt-out-model-of-organ-donation.html Mon, 12 Aug 2019 17:45:00 +0530 In 2016, Spain conducted a total of 4,818 organ transplants. It translated into 43.4 individual donors per million people (pmp), a figure much higher than the US average of 26.6 or the EU average of 19.6. For over 2 decades, Spain has been the world leader when it comes to organ donation, thanks to its robust organ donation system and high numbers of deceased organ donors. Among the factors that make Spain's organ donation a huge success are a highly organized process of deceased donation as well as an "opt-out" system in which all citizens are automatically registered for organ donation unless they specifically choose otherwise. Other countries that rank high on organ donation rates include Croatia, France, Norway and Italy. India, on the other hand, continues to fair poorly when it comes to organ donation, with thousands of people dying annually on the organ waitlist. According to estimates of the Ministry of Health the annual requirement for kidneys in India ranges between 1-2 lakh. However, a paltry 5,000 transplants actually happen. A majority of these are from live donors rather than cadaver donors. According to a paper published in the Journal of Medical Sciences, India's need for liver transplantation is estimated to be around 20/million population or 25,000 per year. However, just around 1200 and 1400 liver transplants have been performed in India in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Low rate of cadaver donors As often discussed, poor rate of cadaver donors has been a major challenge to India's organ donation program. According to estimates the deceased organ donor rate in India stands at around 0.34 per million which is much lower than developed countries. An overwhelming majority of organ donors in India are live donors who are either related to the patient or are a part of an organ swap arrangement. Lack of awareness about brain death, socio cultural factors, religious beliefs and lack of organizational support including enough transplant centers, well trained transplant coordinators are major challenges to our organ donation program. Since 2011 there has been a rule in the Indian Law and Amendments introducing a provision of “required request” for the Intensive Care doctors to ask for organ donation in the event of brain death. However, the concept of brain death still confounds people and lack of efforts to improve awareness implies a status quo persists. People are unaware of the concept of brain death in which a person suffers from irreversible brain damage because of head injury or stroke but other organs are functioning with or without support. In India, around 1.5 lakh people suffer from fatal road accidents annually, many of whom end up brain dead and are ideal candidates for organ harvesting.  Even if half the number of these brain deaths translates into organ donation, many lives can be saved. However, with the heart still beating, it becomes difficult to convince the family to donate the body for organ retrieval. Not only is there a dire need to initiate campaigns to educate people about the concept of brain death and how it is an irreversible phenomenon, there is also need to have more trained transplant coordinators, counselors and facilities to harvest these possibilities. One organ donor can save up to eight lives by donating heart, two lungs, pancreas, two kidneys and intestine. Shall we consider the 'opt out' system? Spain, as discussed above along with several western countries follow an opt out system of organ donation under which every citizen is considered an organ donor unless they 'opt out' and notify their decision on an organ registry. England is the latest country to adopt this approach. As a country struggling to bridge the disparity between demand and supply of organs, India must also consider the 'opt out' system of organ donation to improve the rate of deceased donors. Some experts believe that as a country with high levels of illiteracy and lack of awareness, India might not yet be ready for shifting to an 'opt out' system. This argument does hold ground, especially given the fact that religious beliefs are also associated with the dead. Religious beliefs of some communities consider even a post mortem as a desecration of the human body. There are also myths associated with organ donation. And some communities believe it is against their religious beliefs. To be fair, no such initiative can succeed unless accompanied by adequate awareness among the masses. It is important to involve influential people such as popular celebrities, sportspersons as well as religious leaders as part of awareness campaigns. India has already adopted the practice of providing the option of pledging your organs on the driving license. In 2018, the government mandated a change in format of driving license to display whether the individual has pledged his/her organs in case of brain death. Much like the driving license mentions the blood group of the individual; it will also now include a column stating whether the individual consents to become a donor. For people who have never heard or known about organ donation, the option asking for their consent on a driving license can prompt them to inquire about the possibility of organ donation and agree to the noble act. This has been a welcome move. However, this also needs to be accompanied by awareness drives to educate and encourage people to pledge their organs.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14399/nmc-yes-or-no.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14399/nmc-yes-or-no.html Thu, 08 Aug 2019 12:00:00 +0530 Change is inevitable we agree, but not the way Government Of India is planning for Doctors. There is not an iota of doubt that the road to becoming a doctor is one of the toughest. Graduating itself means not much in this day and age, what further is required is specializing and superspecialising. A doctor not only looses his youth toiling away in hospitals and library he/she lives in a cocoon away from a normal social life. A doctor is best understood by a doctor, this is definitely the crux of an important matter. The objective of Honourable Government of India to bring in NMC bill is to bring in transparency to this noble profession which in the recent past has been in murky situations (read scams like vyapam, large capitations fees, back door entries to medical colleges etc).We appreciate the efforts being made for cleaning up the profession in certain aspects and there are certain loop holes that the GOI must definitely look into in order to address the apprehensions of protesting doctors at large. The NMC replacing the Medical Council of India in each and every aspect is an uphill task. The very initial being the percentage of doctors that that going to be on the committee. The structure constituting of 25 members with have near about 17 medical professionals the rest being beaurocrats and centre nominated members. Another Major point of soreness being the “bridge courses” that have been mentioned time and again and is a major blow to the practicing modern medicine clinician. The bridge course for a clear understanding would be a 6 month course for alternative medicine practitioners (Ayurveda, Unani, homeopathy) to transit into modern medicine practice, which would be to say the least legitimizing sub optimal practice. An average medical graduate spends 6 years (rigorous academics and clinics) at the least to become an MBBS doctor and imparting the same level in a six month course would be a big No from the fraternity. Everyday we come across news pieces about violence against doctors ,negligence on doctors part leading to grave outcomes (though it may not be actual negligence or the fault of a doctor) but nevertheless it is overlooked, its time that stringent actions are to be taken against any form of violence against medical professionals. Also anybody indulging in destructive manner against a doctor/nursing home/hospital should be imprisoned, that is how it is in developed nations and we are in dire need for such stringent actions here in our country…I wonder if this part has been touched upon in this bill. The other point of friction is the concept of “national exit test” which is going to be common for all the graduates getting over with their graduation not to forget it will also be open for Indian foreign graduates. This exit test will also be the entry to post graduate seats .In my personal opinion it would be highly unfair to pressurize young minds to perform under such circumstances, also letting Indian foreign graduates appear on the same platform is adding unfair competition. Both national and regional medical associations are campaigning against the NMC bill, I think we should find a acceptable middle ground which can cater best to the public and fraternity in general. We wish that an amicable solution can resolve the angst among us doctors and whatever changes are brought about are in positive light for the existing medical practitioners and the budding medical students. We wish to have more and more doctors in our country to serve in the most forgotten rural areas, we wish to maintain a certain doctor to patient ratio and what if we scare the younger lot with all these changes and pressure settings and no one thinks of getting into this profession or the young breed of doctors start fleeing away from the country …we need to lure and nurture the young brains into growing full-fledged medical professional who are backed strongly by their fraternity and Government both in a positive way.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14367/ra-leads-to-joint-deformities-and-poor-quality-of-life-if-not-treated.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14367/ra-leads-to-joint-deformities-and-poor-quality-of-life-if-not-treated.html Fri, 02 Aug 2019 17:35:00 +0530 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the commonest inflammatory joint disease, that affects 1 out of 100 people. Though more common in females, it affects males and children too. The disease leads to joint deformities and poor quality of life if proper treatment is not started early. About 50 years back many patients became wheel-chair bound or bed-ridden due to RA, as effective treatment was not available. But today even after availability of effective treatment, there are many misconceptions about the disease and patients are reluctant to take prolonged medication. Patients suffering from RA should understand that very effective medicines are now available for treatment of RA and with early institution of correct medicines patients can live normal life. At the same time for those who were improperly treated in the past, it’s a good news that RA can be treated at any stage. Early in the disease patients experience joint pain (any joint may pain, but commonly knees, finger joints, wrist, feet pain), tiredness, and stiffness of joints. Many have seasonal symptoms, like sore joints in winter or monsoon, difficulty in making fist. The affected joint may be swollen, warm, tender (painful on pressing) with limited range of movement. Diagnosis of RA is clinical, meaning Rheumatologists diagnose it from patients’ symptoms and examining the joints. We ask for some blood tests like CBC, ESR, Urine, RF test, anti-CCP etc to support our clinical judgment. The joint X-ray is normal in early disease. Even RF test can be negative in 30-40% patients of RA.  MRI scan can be helpful in early diagnosis of doubtful cases. We treat RA with Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), painkillers (till onset of action of DMARDs), sometimes steroid injection in the inflamed joint. During acute inflammation the joint may be given a splint. As inflammation subsides we give exercise to strengthen surrounding muscles. Since 1999, many new drugs have appeared on the horizon for treatment of RA. These are biologics and recently small molecules. Biologics are injections, whereas small molecules are tablets. These new drugs have revolutionized the treatment of RA. In my opinion with availability of such good medicines for RA, patients should not develop deformities. They should also remember that the treatment is lifelong in most patients and regular visits for adjustment of drug dose and monitoring side effects of drugs is equally important. Patients should not take indefinite steroids, as it does more harm than good. Patients of RA are at higher risk of heart attack, if there is uncontrolled joint inflammation. This is similar to increased risk of heart attack in poorly controlled diabetes patients. So, that’s another reason for proper control of RA. If patient develops severe joint damage the affected joints may have to be replaced with artificial (metallic) joints. This can be avoided by appropriate treatment. It is important to know that every joint pain is not RA. Joint pain is not a diagnosis. It is a symptom that can occur in many diseases like RA, lupus, gout, psoriatic arthritis, Chikunguniya etc. Treatment depends on the type of arthritis. Patients should visit Rheumatologists for correct diagnosis and treatment. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14208/is-talc-really-as-harmful-as-its-stated-to-be.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14208/is-talc-really-as-harmful-as-its-stated-to-be.html Wed, 17 Jul 2019 00:00:00 +0530 Does talc cause cancer? With the recent lawsuits against Johnson and Johnson baby talcum powder claiming that  long term use of talc on genitals can cause ovarian cancer, the talc has been under the radar. Another concern was a plausible link between cancer in and around the lungs on inhalation of asbestos which is a substance found in the natural form of talc. However recent studies have found no link between talc and ovarian cancer. In spite of the Johnson and Johnson baby powder cancer link, the company still continues the use of talc in their products as repeated tests have reaffirmed the safety of their products. Even in India, the Johnson & Johnson baby powder cancer news made headway with the regulator asking the company to stop using huge quantities of their raw materials at their Baddi plant in Himachal Pradesh and Mulund plant in Mumbai, until tests proved that their talc was free of asbestos. With the government tests confirming the absence of asbestos in their products, quashing the Johnson baby powder cancer allegation yet again, the company has resumed production in both the plants.   So what is talc? Talc is basically a mineral that comes from rock deposits all over the planet. It is mined like any other mineral.  Talc is one of the softest minerals available and only the highest quality talc is used for baby talcum powder. Talc is an inert ingredient which means it doesn’t generate any chemical reaction when ingested or used on the skin. The main uses of baby talcum powder include It absorbs excess moisture Eliminates friction Leaves a refreshing and lingering fragrance Keeps a baby cool and comfortable   What kind of talc should I use for my baby?   It is recommended to use only pharmaceutical grade of talc. The talc must be of high purity and should be mined in certified locations from select deposits to relatively large non respirable particle size. It must meet the USFDA standards and be absolutely free of carcinogens like asbestos and asbestiform fibers. It must be dermatologically tested and hypo allergic. The ingredients in baby powders like that of Johnsons & Johnsons have been evaluated by scientific and medical experts. They have been found to meet all the above standards without compromising on the efficacy and potency of the product, thereby negating the Johnson baby powder cancer connection.   So should you use talc? My answer to this question is- why not?  While talc may not necessarily be needed to dry out your baby’s skin after a bath, which a soft towel can do well enough, it must be used with discretion.   When we buy any product, don’t we always read the instructions on how to use the product? The same goes for talcum powder as well. For those who may have actually skipped this part, I have mentioned them below Hold the container away from your baby and tip a little on your hand. Rub the powder between your palms and dab it on your baby’s skin. Never sprinkle the talc directly from the container on your baby’s body. Keep the container at a safe distance away from your baby, while drying after a bath. You don't want it to accidentally fall over your lil one and shower your baby with talc. Once you finish with talc, close the container tightly and keep it out of reach. Talcum powder does not protect against nappy rash, hence do not apply the same around your baby's intimate areas. Instead, use a barrier cream. While we know that all moms want the best for their babies, as mothers we also need to be equipped with the right information so that we are not actually propagating a chain of incorrect facts. I hope this article has helped allay the concerns you had in mind regarding the Johnson & Johnson baby powder cancer link.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14145/moving-towards-patient-centricity-need-of-the-hour-for-healthcare-industry.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14145/moving-towards-patient-centricity-need-of-the-hour-for-healthcare-industry.html Tue, 09 Jul 2019 11:45:00 +0530 The hospital industry which comes among top priorities to treat ailing people itself is not in the pink of health. This is something surprising in a country like India which has just seven beds per 10,000 patients against a global average of 27 beds per 10,000 patients. There has also been an increase in the number of private Indian hospitals which have gone on sale or looking for foreign buyers. The underlying reason is the reduced profitability after 2017. Hospitals despite being capital intensive thanks to the high cost of land acquisition, medical equipment and also skilled human capital namely doctors relied on the higher margins of consumables and medical devices such as stents for earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) of more than 18 %. This EBITDA ensured investment in infrastructure and healthcare delivery. The price control introduced by the Government on medical devices put enormous pressures on the EBITDA. A leading business journal reported that the hospital sector showed a 7% drop in Q2 FY 2019 of EBITDA. Some industry sources have gone on record to say that most of the hospitals’ EBITDA has shrunk to single digits. This is even lower when compared to the very capital intensive industries like automobiles, capital goods, and oil & gas. The situation is not improving. While the margins are reducing, the trust deficit between the patients and hospitals also seem to be increasing. In such a scenario of tightening regulations and demanding patients, profitability and patient satisfaction seems to be a paradox. Is it possible for a hospital to work on both fronts? The answer is YES. Probably it lies in increasing patient centricity. There is enough evidence which shows how a good patient experience directly impacts profitability. A leading extensive published research done in US hospitals showed, that the hospitals with a high patient-reported experience enjoyed a net margin more than double than those hospitals with the lowest scores. Hospitals need to actually undergo a total mindset change in embracing patient centricity. Just the way a passenger doesn't choose to fly a particular airline based on who the pilot is, but rather on the airline image, a patient should be choosing a hospital mainly because of the overall patient experience and not on the doctor treating the patient. There are three critical ingredients to establishing a patient-centric culture in a hospital: First, is the leadership. What importance does the leadership give to patient centricity in the hospital especially in terms of discussion, mission statement, recognizing employees for excellent patient service, reviewing patient experiences are some of the visible ways hospital employees can be made to feel that the senior leadership values patient centricity. Secondly, processes & KPIs. Quite a few hospitals have patient satisfaction questionnaires to be filled out by the patient or the caregiver at various stages of the patient's journey. But the gathering of the data and subsequent analysis to find out recurrent patterns and the root cause of deviations get missed out.  There have to be a few key processes with specific KPIs which need to be constantly monitored. A patient with poor experience can vent out on any social platforms. Thus, constant monitoring of key social media platforms is critical not only to see the experience but also to resolve the issue which the patient has faced. Lastly, people. Hospitals are a part of the service industry and like any other service industry, the customer experience to a large extent is determined by the employee facing the customer during his / her engagement. Speciality Tertiary Care hospitals invest heavily in the infrastructure to make a hospital look less like a hospital and more like a hotel but the similarity ends there. The hospital staff is not trained in hospitality the way they are trained in a plush hotel. Be it the telephone operator, the receptionist, the paramedic, the nurse, the cleaning staff, the pharmacist, the dietician; are all essential in providing a good patient experience. The hospital should invest time in building these skills in all its employees. Proper recognition programs should be in place to recognize employees who have contributed to the excellent patient experience. The journey towards patient centricity is a slow but rewarding one. After all, isn't a delighted patient the best salesperson for any hospital?     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14087/advances-in-medicine-have-revealed-better-results-in-patients-with-active-as-dr-ashish-badika.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14087/advances-in-medicine-have-revealed-better-results-in-patients-with-active-as-dr-ashish-badika.html Tue, 02 Jul 2019 18:35:00 +0530 There is an urgent need to raise awareness on providing effective and timely treatment to Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients. A condition with a global prevalence of 0.1 to 1.4%, AS affects 1 in 200 to 500 of the adult population. According to medical experts, there is high incidence of delayed diagnosis amongst the patients, with many AS patients being diagnosed after 6-7 years of disease onset.    The condition affects men during the most active and productive years of their lives and can lead to an extremely poor quality of life for patients. If the condition is left untreated or there is a severe delay in diagnosis, it can cause damage to posture and disrupt mobility, bending the spine and neck to an extent that it may become impossible for one to lift their head high enough to see forward. This is known as ‘structural damage progression’ and in some cases, patients could also become wheelchair bound. Rheumatology practitioners have indicated a significant lack of awareness about AS because of which symptoms are often ignored or confused with poor-lifestyle-induced back pain or spondylitis by patients. In many cases patients are observed to reach a rheumatologist 6-7 years after disease onset. While visiting a physician or an orthopedic may be the first step for patients to seek guidance, a specialized medical expert should be consulted to ensure effective treatment of AS. Until few years ago, the focus of treatment of AS was around relieving patients from inflammatory pain and stiffness, mostly by administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-TNF therapies, complemented with physiotherapy and lifestyle management. Many patients with AS respond inadequately to current standard of care anti-TNF therapies. Additionally, owing to the irreversible and degenerative nature of the disease, treatment modalities should aim at halting and/or slowing down structural damage progression. Advances in medicine have revealed better results in patients with active AS, treated with biologics as the first line of treatment. Certain biologics have shown to slow down structural damage progression, by delaying the fusion of spinal bones. Recent studies indicate that almost 80 percent of AS patients treated with IL-17A inhibitor biologic had no radiographic progression of the spine at 4 years and exhibited sustained improvement in signs and symptoms. The IL-17A inhibitor biologic works by specifically inhibiting the IL-17A cytokine, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AS. The study further reported that 75 percent of AS patients, preserved an ASAS 20 response at 4 years1. Improvements in the symptoms of AS are measured by the ASAS response criteria (ASAS 20). This is defined as an improvement of at least 20 percent, and absolute improvement of at least 10 units on a 0 100 mm scale in at least three of the following criteria: improvement in flexibility, night-time pain, ability to perform specific tasks, morning stiffness, and no further deterioration in the condition. Before starting treatment with biologics, patients with active AS must be thoroughly evaluated for any other existing health conditions. The patient should also be made aware about the treatment cycle. The long-term goal of treatment in AS patients should extend beyond pain relief, to preventing disability, maintaining mobility for a longer time and ensuring an improved quality of life.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14003/molecular-diagnostics-molecular-pathology-genomic-medicine-whats-in-the-name-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/14003/molecular-diagnostics-molecular-pathology-genomic-medicine-whats-in-the-name-.html Tue, 25 Jun 2019 15:50:00 +0530 Almost two decades back these terms were unknown in the medical world, and in fact would have sounded at best incomprehensible, to most practitioners. The term “molecular diagnostics” refers to laboratory tests used to screen or diagnose an infection or disease, or the predisposition to a disease, by analyzing nucleic acids (i.e. DNA or RNA). Molecular diagnostic (MDx) testing has moved to the forefront of present-day clinical practice and is widely used in almost all important areas of healthcare including infectious diseases, oncology, neurology, cardiology, metabolic disorders, etc. It’s applications expand in every sections of the clinical laboratory. The advantages of molecular diagnostics stem from its extreme specificity and sensitivity, as well as its rapidity in providing results. As a result of continued innovations and newfound applications of MDx technologies there is an expected gradual shift from reactive to proactive and to predictive care. MDx trending technologies MDx is empowered and fueled by continual advancements in technology. As per experts the progress has been explosive with almost 400% growth in molecular diagnostics research translating to an almost 750% growth in patent applications over last 25 years. MDx technologies has undergone dramatic changes since its debut in the late twentieth century. Initially restricted to simple traditional PCR assays interrogating single to a few genomic targets; advancements such as real-time PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and automation in the form of sample-to-result instrumentation have expanded diagnostic horizons for infectious diseases and oncology. Multiplexing technologies have enhanced our capability to interrogate single specimen for the presence of multiple pathogens/gene targets associated with various clinical syndromes. The technological innovations over last decade have seen, at last, the long-promised marriage of molecular biology with clinical medicine, with a consequent explosion in molecular test volume and range, and broad awareness of their existence among both physicians and the lay public. MDx- Evolving influence on the healthcare spectrum The global molecular diagnostics market has been estimated at around USD 7000 million in 2017. It is expected to register a CAGR of approximately 9% during the forecast period, 2018 to 2023. Asia-Pacific is estimated to register approximately 15% CAGR during 2018-2023. India ranks third after Japan and China. While infectious diseases segment continues to account for the largest share of the global molecular diagnostic market, molecular oncology has emerged as significant rapidly growing market segment. Over last 4-5 years advanced genomics segment has undergone tremendous transformation, catalyzed by the clinical implementation of disruptive Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Globally with clinical implementation of NGS in genetic disorders and preventive disease segment more than 26,000 genetic tests are available for over 3600 genes. Personalized genomic medicine undoubtedly has become one of the hottest areas in the global healthcare sector.  Once esoteric, these tests have earned their place in routine medical practice and expanded to all levels of healthcare—from the pathology lab to the doctor’s office and clinics of developing countries including India. MDx- Future prospects A market that just keeps on growing, MDx is positioned to directly benefit from the explosion in genomics knowledge. MDx is expected to expand its critical role in identifying disease risk, diagnosing complex disorders and selecting appropriate treatment. The future is likely to see the establishment of new disease/gene associations, widespread use of personalised therapy and the introduction of predictive tests. Looking at the clinical realm of infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance is a major aspect that will have a long-term impact in the molecular diagnostics space.  In context to Indian settings, flexibility and smart testing will play a major role in the coming years. There is an enduring need to push the frontiers of molecular diagnostics with development of microfluidics, in cloud-connected Point of Care devices which are low-cost and user-friendly.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13958/peri-menopausal-osteoporosis.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13958/peri-menopausal-osteoporosis.html Thu, 20 Jun 2019 15:20:00 +0530 A woman's chances of getting the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis go up with age, especially after menopause. But it’s not uncommon for women to get the condition before menopause, hence it is called perimenopausal osteoporosis or bone loss. As your bones become thinner with osteoporosis, they break more easily. For millions of older adults, mostly women, everyday activities like standing, walking, and bending may be enough to cause a broken bone sometimes the crack in the bones are so miniscule that it might go unnoticed in the X ray but causes pain. The drop in bone density is caused by falling levels of the female hormone estrogen. Estrogens help to maintain the bone strength. Hence around the time of menopause it is advisable to take a good time to take a stock and adopt a healthier, bone-friendly lifestyle. Signs of Peri menopausal Osteoporosis You can have osteoporosis at any age and be aware of it for there are often no symptoms. For many women, the first sign that they have the condition is a broken bone. Osteoporosis tends to affect the specific bones that we usually actively use like the bones of the spine, wrists, shoulders, pelvis, and hips which tends to get a fracture. These fractures can change the shape of your body, especially when they affect the spine. The age at which someone loses bone depends on her specific risk factors. A woman might be in her 40’s or 50’s with very strong bones while another can be in her 30’s and have early signs of osteoporosis, including fractures. If a lady of 30 has a poor bone friendly lifestyle. After many years, your bones become thin enough that they break from minor causes. For example, you might trip over a crack in the sidewalk and fracture your ankle. Or lifting a bag of potting soil might cause a wrist fracture. The first fracture will usually heal. But if the bones are thin and weak, they are more likely to fracture again, which could get more painful and limit your movement as time goes on. Who Gets Peri menopausal Osteoporosis? Things that make you more likely to get the condition includes: A family history of osteoporosis or fractures A history of eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia A history of other diseases, including kidney disease, celiac disease, thyroid disease, and connective tissue disorders Your periods become irregular over the course of more than 12 months (except during pregnancy) Long-term lack of exercise or overtraining Smoking for a long time Taking specific drugs, such as steroids, anti- seizure meds, some chemotherapy drugs, and long-term use of the blood thinner heparin. Weighing less than 55 kg Dr. C.S. Dhar, consultant, department of orthopedics and Joint replacements, explains, “There is a direct relationship between the lack of estrogen during menopause and the development of osteoporosis. Early menopause (before age 45) and any prolonged periods in which hormone levels are low and menstrual periods are absent or infrequent can cause loss of bone mass”. He also elaborated “to reduce your risk of osteoporosis, eat a diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D and do regular exercise. These lifestyle habits are best started younger in life to get the most benefits”. He adds that it is not just Calcium which helps in getting a strong bone, but Vitamin D plays a vital role in getting a healthy bone. Vitamin D enables the body to absorb calcium, and calcium is necessary for maintaining the bone density. Women around the time of menopause may be prescribed a vitamin D derivative and calcium supplements. So the current recommendation  is to take a balanced diet with Vitamin D supplement ( 2000 international unit per day) .Daily sunlight exposure (preferably early morning and late afternoon) can also boost vitamin D production and contribute to bone health.” While you can control some risk factors, some you can't change. While you can't halt bone loss entirely after the menopause, there is plenty you can do to maintain your bone strength as you get older.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13887/every-physician-and-hospital-should-adopt-digital-health-solutions.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13887/every-physician-and-hospital-should-adopt-digital-health-solutions.html Thu, 13 Jun 2019 14:30:00 +0530 What are your views on the current burden of cardiovascular diseases in India? There is increase in prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in India. The global burden of disease study estimate of age standardization CVD death of 272 per 100,000 population in India, is higher than the global average of 235 per 100,000. Of course, the increasing availability of healthcare and infrastructure has helped reduce mortality rates. The surviving heart patients are ironically exposed to the risks of heart failure, stroke and sudden death. This is due to the fact that survivors still harbour scarred heart muscle. Upto one in ten heart patients who have recovered from heart attack are at risk for heart failure or sudden death. Can you throw some light on the newly launched Advisor HD Grid Mapping Catheter? The new catheter helps in accurately localizing the source of rhythm disorder in the heart. It helps reduce procedural time. It significantly reduced radiation exposure to the patient and the physicians. In a large number of cases, radiation may be completely avoided. The new catheter increases the success rate of the procedure and minimizes the complications. How effective and successful this technology can be in reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases in India? (Better than the previously used technologies?) There are two life threatening rhythm disorders: Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Atrial Fibrillation (AF) The definitive therapy for VT most often is a Defibrillator (AICD). However many people in India cannot afford an AICD because of the cost. The HD Grid Mapping Catheter has made the ablation procedure for VT more effective and now more patients who cannot afford an AICD will benefit through ablation, using the new catheter. The other serious arrhythmia is AF. One in two hundred people above the age of 50 years and almost one in fifty above the age of 75 years suffer from AF. AF is one of the common causes of stroke as well. AF ablation by the new catheter is much more effective as compared to the conventional catheters. What could be the possible challenges with this technology? One of the challenges is training of the physicians and technologists for adoption of the technology. Also, when looking at costs, one must actually look at it from the long-term perspective, that higher costs are compensated by the increased success rate of these procedures. With major hospitals slowly adapting digital solutions, do you think going digital should be the way ahead for better diagnosis and treatment of any disease? I strongly believe every physician and hospitals should adopt digital health solutions. I lead the largest Remote Monitoring Unit of Implantable Heart Devices in the country. My patients are monitored for their heart failure status, activity status and pacemaker status remotely almost always and in real time. The digital monitoring system helps in minimizing clinical visits and to take measures proactively even before the patient becomes symptomatic.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13854/providing-accessible-affordable-rural-healthcare-ecosystem-in-india-is-need-of-the-hour.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13854/providing-accessible-affordable-rural-healthcare-ecosystem-in-india-is-need-of-the-hour.html Mon, 10 Jun 2019 15:35:00 +0530 For all the gratified talk about India’s health sector and the medical tourism hub it has turned India into, the truth remains that our healthcare system is highly inequitable. Even today, a large section of our population has to travel more than 100 km to access basic healthcare. Data collected by NSSO in 2010 found that 86% of all trips taken for medical purposes were by rural Indians. According to estimates, urban centres are home to almost 70% of the doctors and almost 65% of the country’s hospital beds despite having less than 30% of the total population. Government estimates suggested that as on March 31, 2017, only 4,156 posts for specialists were filled in Community Health Centres as against a requirement of 22,496. From lack of access to high cost of services, rural patients face several hurdles to healthcare that limit their ability to avail the care they need. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana or Ayushman Bharat programme which promises to benefit 10.74 crore poor and deprived rural families, has raised much hopes. However, establishing an affordable and accessible healthcare ecosystem in India requires a wider approach that includes creating the required human resource and raising awareness among rural Indians. Barriers to affordable healthcare access in rural areas Low Health Literacy Poor health literacy disables a patient's ability to comprehend health information and instructions from their healthcare providers. Sometimes, due to the low health literacy, rural residents get reluctant to visit a healthcare facility as they don’t have confidence of communicating with a healthcare professional. At the same time, it also translates into low awareness about chronic diseases and symptoms that must be taken seriously. It is important therefore to have a functioning primary healthcare service closer to the doors of rural people. Long distance commutation According to a NATHEALTH-PwC report released in 2017, 50% of beneficiaries travel more than 100 kms to access quality medical care as about 70% of India’s healthcare infrastructure is concentrated in the top 20 cities. The requirement of long distance commutation increases costs and inconvenience and often results in discontinuation of treatment. For people living with chronic diseases such as hypertension diabetes, heart disease etc who require frequent visits to outpatient healthcare facilities, this can have serious consequences on health. Workforce Shortage India faces a shortage of doctors and allied healthcare professionals and this shortage is even more glaring in rural areas where it severely limits access to healthcare and negatively impacts health outcomes. Poor medical infrastructure in rural India also acts as an impediment in attracting qualified and trained health professionals. The government’s ambitious Ayushman Bharat scheme which envisages establishing of 150,000 health and wellness centres cannot succeed without addressing the human resource gap in rural areas. The Way Forward Human resource creation Ways have to be found out to generate trained human resource to provide healthcare services in rural areas. This can be done by commissioning new medical colleges in rural areas, providing monetary and non monetary incentives to doctors to work in rural areas, improving working conditions for healthcare professionals and provide them with ancillary infrastructure to carry out basic duties. Taking trained AYUSH practitioners on board and equipping them with the ability to diagnose and refer conditions at primary level can also temporarily fill the human resource gap. Re-skilling primary healthcare doctors Doctors in rural areas should also be constantly reskilled and upgraded to make them abreast with the latest developments in medical field. With growing and improving understanding of diseases and treatments, modern healthcare system demands constant upgrading of skills and continuous medical education. The doctors in primary healthcare setup must be updated and able to cope with evolving disease patterns and epidemics and make right diagnosis and provide quality treatment. It is important therefore to make CMEs mandatory for them. Innovative approaches to healthcare To bypass the problems of human resource and infrastructure shortage, we need to create innovative and low cost solutions and technologies that can enable us bring healthcare closer to the homes of the rural populations. Rural ambulances, mobile check up vans, healthcare kiosks and use of telemedicine are ways to achieve this. Gramin Health Care has opened more than 100 operational kiosks across 6 states that provide basic healthcare services to villagers every day. These kiosks are digitised healthcare clinics that use telemedicine to help under-served communities get access to doctors. These kiosks have a nurse who conducts a physical examination and connects with the online doctor by live audio or video feed through a technology backed platform. The services are provided at subsidized rates. We need many more such disruptive initiatives and platforms to further the goal of universal healthcare. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13781/healthy-lifestyle-or-chronic-kidney-disease-the-choice-is-yours.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13781/healthy-lifestyle-or-chronic-kidney-disease-the-choice-is-yours.html Mon, 03 Jun 2019 10:55:00 +0530 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem with an estimated prevalence of around 11.5%.Individuals with CKD are at high risk for progressive kidney failure. End-stage kidney disease leads to considerable human and financial costs with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%.  There are well-established risk factors for end-stage kidney disease of which Diabetes and hypertension are strong predictors for the development and progression of chronic kidney diseases and these in turn are closely linked to lifestyle factors. We have learned from research of other chronic conditions such as heart disease and cancer that lifestyle factors namely diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and body mass index plays a very important role in health outcomes namely cardiovascular events and mortality and kidney diseases are no exception to this rule. Over the next decade, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis may double, and even developed nations will have difficulty coping with this alarming epidemic. There is an urgent need to highlight the importance of modifiable lifestyle risk factors as a basis for treatment strategies to prevent the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBESITY has become an international epidemic, and there is growing agreement that modern lifestyle is driving this epidemic by encouraging overconsumption and discouraging energy expenditure. Obese patients can develop proteinuria, which is followed by progressive loss of renal function also called Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG-FSGS). There is a 10- fold increase in the incidence of ORG over the past 15 years suggesting a newly emerging epidemic. Various studies have shown that achieving a mean weight loss of between 4-12% can bring about a decrease in proteinuria by about 30-80%. Alcohol may have both positive and negative effects on renal function. Alcohol consumption is a potential risk factor for kidney damage, hypertension, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Average consumption of more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day was associated with an increased risk of kidney failure in the general population. Smoking increases the risk of developing kidney diseases and nearly doubles the rate of progression to end-stage renal failure. Studies have shown that smokers have increased median protein excretion, suggesting that smoking reduces renal function and increases proteinuria. In the MRFIT (Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial), cigarette smoking was associated with 84% increased risk for ESRD in middle-age men. The effect of salt on renal function is related to its indirect effects on high blood pressure and to a direct effect on renal function. Hypertension is both a cause and consequence of renal failure and high salt intake acts as a force multiplier accelerating the downward spiral of CKD progression. Sedentary behaviour is one of the strongest risk factors for many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, colon cancer, renal disease, and depression referring the adage “sitting is today the new smoking” A review of observational studies reported that the risk for all-cause mortality was 20% - 30% lower among adults who performed 30 minutes of moderate activity for 5 or more days per week. Persons who are less active have a 30% - 50% greater risk for high blood pressure. The combination of obesity, smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise can increase a person's risk for kidney disease by more than 300%, independent of age, sex, and race. Obesity and poor diet conferred a 58% risk while individuals with 3 or 4 unhealthy lifestyle behaviours had a 337% increased risk for CKD. In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study, researchers tracked the relationship between lifestyle factors and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and concluded that CKD patients who don’t smoke, are physically active, eat a healthy diet (comprised of more fruits, vegetables and whole grains and less red meat and sugar) and have a body mass index between 20-25 kg/m2, reduced their risk of death by 68% compared to those who did not have these lifestyle qualities Hence, living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney disease, or help keep them under control. Follow these tips to lower your risk for kidney disease and the problems that cause it: Follow a low-salt, low-fat diet Exercise at least 30 minutes on most days of the week Have regular check-ups with your doctor Do not smoke or use tobacco Limit alcohol Lose weight if obese Careful attention to metabolic and lifestyle issues may help slow the loss of renal function. Strategies to introduce and encourage a healthy lifestyle among our population should become a priority.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13733/examsnap-gathered-10-reasons-to-get-comptia-a-certification.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13733/examsnap-gathered-10-reasons-to-get-comptia-a-certification.html Tue, 21 May 2019 01:00:00 +0530 In this guide, we explore top 10 reasons why you should consider pursuing the CompTIA A+ certification. We take it a step further to look at how you can prepare for your exam. In case you already made up your mind to pursue this credential, you can head over now to the Examsnap.com platform to explore the various materials that are available for your exam preparation. If you still need more information, then join us to take a cursory look at some of the top reasons why you should give CompTIA A+ a serious thought. CompTIA A+ opens the doorsto a successful IT career. Earning the CompTIA A+ certification implies that you have a deep understanding of the advanced fundamentals of hardware and software of computer. The candidates pursuing this credential are equipped with the skills and knowledge of the process involved in troubleshooting wide range devices from smartphones to computers. Really, if you want to start any career path in the field of IT, CompTIA A+ is one of the best ways to do it. The certificate has the capacity to get you your first IT job. It also has the potential to place you on a successful path in the industry. CompTIA A+ is an opportunity to diversify. CompTIA A+ does not restrict you to a particular professional role. In fact, there is no limit to how far you can go or what you can do with the credential. The certification doesn’t revolve around vendor-specific software and hardware. This means you can just focus on developing the fundamental knowledge and get familiar with the range of vocabularies in technology. Trust us: you will need this as you progress in your career, irrespective of the path you choose. If you are looking to explore some on-demand areas such as cybersecurity and computer networking in any product environment, CompTIA A+ will equip you with the foundational knowledge you need to succeed in this career path. Another thing that the certification has is the ISO/ANSI accreditation status. This means that wherever you present your CompTIA A+ certificate in the world, you will be viewed with respect. CompTIA A+ gives an opportunity to work anywhere in the world. Thanks to technology, there are many jobs today in the field of IT that don’t require that you work from an office or a specific location. The CompTIA A+ certification offers you the opportunity to land such jobs. With this credential, you can access any career of your choice across the world and work from anywhere. It doesn’t matter whether it is in your home or the office of your employer. This gives flexibility of time and new experience. CompTIA A+ provides an opportunity to earn better. The IT jobs are some of the best paying ones. However, there are many factors that determine your access to such positions. Today, the employers are looking forthose professionals who have validated their knowledge and experience through certifications. CompTIA A+ is a strong credential that is well respected and trusted by employers across the world, and it can get you one of those juicy jobs you desire. CompTIA A+ is a step towards a greater life-work balance. As mentioned earlier, the CompTIA A+ certification offers you the flexibility of work location and time. The certificate places you in charge of your life and work, and you can balance both seamlessly. You can leave physically demanding and stressful career and take up an IT role that will give the perfect harmony you crave for. You can easily manage the stress levels of IT jobs and reach a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment. CompTIA A+ is created by industry experts. This credential is developed by a group of IT experts across different industries. It is also regularly updated by these professionals. This means that when you earn the CompTIA A+ certification, you can access the knowledge and skills that are current in your industry today. This gives you an edge over many of your non-certified colleagues. CompTIA A+ provides access to a large network of professionals. There are currently more than one million specialists who have earned the CompTIA A+ certificate. This means when you earn the same, you join a huge network of professionals in the field of Information Technology. CompTIA A+ is a great achievement. To earn the CompTIA A+ certification, you are required to pass the prerequisite exams. This presupposes some level of training and learning. You might have to go through the Examsnap resources and study hard for your tests. This may take a couple of weeks before you are ready to sit for two exams that will earn you the credential. However, when you finally receive yourcertificate, you have a sense of fulfillment. You can proudly showcase your certification to your employers and colleagues after you have been awarded. CompTIA A+ makes one a part of a professional community. The professionals with the CompTIA A+ credential have a strong community where they share ideas, and provide helping hands to one another. When you become a certified professional, you can join any of these social networks and become a part of a large community that grows together professionally. You can join it on a local or national level, or even international one. CompTIA A+ shows one’s level of seriousness in career. Earning the first certificate is usually the hardest step. As soon as you have it, you can build on it and earn more advanced credentials. When you obtain CompTIA A+, you will be motivated to continue, and this striving shows that you are serious about the career path you have chosen. Besides, when you use Examsnap and other websites and study resources, you get used to learning and expanding your skills. Conclusion CompTIA A+ may become a decisive achievement for your professional life. When it comes to preparing for your A+ certification exams, Examsnap offers you the study materials you need for absolute success at your first attempt. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13579/encourage-conscious-motherhood-with-premarital-genetic-counselling.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13579/encourage-conscious-motherhood-with-premarital-genetic-counselling.html Wed, 08 May 2019 16:25:00 +0530 Thalassemia is a genetically inherited blood disorder that has one of the highest incidence rates in India, with more than 10,000 children being born with Thalassemia in India per year making India officially the Thalassemia capital of the world. Thalassemia in India is a serious health burden with India – reports claim that we have more than 1 lakh people with Thalassemia major undergoing treatment and more than 4 crore people being carriers of the Thalassemia gene in India. Thalassemia is purely a genetically transmitted disease, with Mother’s Day just around the corner, we would like to advise those who want to enter motherhood to opt for genetic testing and counseling to understand what health risks, if any, they may be passing on to their child and how to make a conscious choice when planning for a baby. Parents play an integral role in determining the fate of their child, not only through their developing years but also in terms of what kind of genes they pass on. Over 10,000 children with thalassemia major are born in India per year. There is an undeniable need to focus on prevention strategies to reduce the transmission of the Thalassemia gene from parent to offspring. Living with the disease can dramatically impact the quality of life of the child and the family as we do not have an easy way of curing Thalassemia without significant risks. Bone marrow transplant is the only known cure for Thalassemia however this is not a viable option for all patients. 70% of affected patients may not be ideal candidate for bone marrow transplant due to older age or because they do not have a matched sibling. Thalassemia drastically reduces a child’s ability to function normally in society as they have to constantly be aware of their health. Children with Thalassemia can suffer from a host of health consequences such as excess iron in the body, swollen liver/spleen, hormonal deficiency, cardiac problems and weak bones among others. Not only do these children have to undergo lifelong blood transfusion therapies to make up for the lack of hemoglobin production in their bodies, they will also have to undergo treatments for Thalassemia associated disorders. It is an expensive, time-consuming and exhausting affair to constantly be fighting for your life. The number complications as well as with the financial and emotional costs only increase with time. The family will also have to take extra measures to encourage psycho-social growth of the child and integrate him into society. The reason why Thalassemia has reached such epidemic proportions is two-fold. People earlier were either unaware about how the disease is transmitted and unwittingly bore a child with Thalassemia or they were aware of the possibilities of producing a child with Thalassemia and did not consciously consider the impact of the disorder on the quality of life of the child. The custom of marrying among relatives has also contributed to increased incidence of many genetic diseases in India including Thalassemia. The carrier status of thalassemia can be very easily established by a simple and non-expensive test known as haemoglobin electrophoresis which is widely available. Developed countries such as Italy where thalassemia was once very common have virtually eliminated thalassemia form their country by raising awareness and by making thalassemia carrier state screening mandatory. An individual can either be a carrier of the Thalassemia gene or a Thalassemia patient. We all have two genes representing the genetic code for production of beta globin protein, absence of this protein leads to beta-thalassemia. Individuals where only one of the two genes are defective are carriers of Thalassemia gene. They are not affected clinically but remain as silent carriers and are also known as Thalassemia minor. When two individuals who have the Thalassemia gene produce an offspring, there is a high likelihood that the child will be born with Thalassemia major (where both the gene copies are defective)– which is the most severe form of the disorder and requires lifelong treatment. A subset are affected with slightly less severe form of the disease called Thalassemia intermedia which deals a softer blow on the child’s health, but the child will still suffer from anemia, weakness and potential liver/spleen dysfunction or failure before eventually may end up having regular blood transfusions and severity is very variable among the intermedia group.   While it is clear that living with the disease greatly impacts the quality of a patient’s life, there are also roadblocks in terms of accessibility and costs of treatment. The benefits of tackling the disease at its roots far outweigh the pains of having to live with the disease. Here is where pre-marital screening and counseling contributes greatly to helping couples make educated choices when it is time to conceive. Even if both partners are carriers still the Thalassemia can be prevented by special tests on the fetus during early pregnancy. The government in India must make efforts to introduce pre-marital genetic counseling and screening for Thalassemia mandatory for all couples and ensure basic knowledge about inherited genetic disorders are part of school curriculum. The onus is also on doctors to educate their patients about thalassemia on how the disease spreads and how the patient can make educated choices when/if they choose to have children in the future. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13520/is-low-back-pain-ruining-your-life-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13520/is-low-back-pain-ruining-your-life-.html Thu, 02 May 2019 15:15:00 +0530 Back pain is a common condition that affects most people at some point in their lifetime. It could be caused by sleeping in the wrong position, having bad posture, or even by having a minor injury. In most cases, back pain isn’t anything to worry about, and it gets better by itself within a few weeks or months. But in some cases, back pain can sometimes be acute, recurrent or chronic and can appear anywhere along the spine. Back pain is generally cause by the degeneration of the spine. As degeneration occurs, minor trauma or unusual activity can produce back pain, causing muscle pain and spasms. The outer ring of the disc can tear, and the inner cushioned part of the disc may continue to degenerate. Eventually, this can lead to spinal instability and nerve entrapment, which causes nerve pain. Bone spurs or osteophytes (bony growths) develop in and around the facet joint and discs. The ligaments can thicken and compress the spinal cord, causing central spinal stenosis or nerve root entrapment. Movement, or spondylolisthesis, may occur, which can cause instability and movement in the spinal column. This may produce pain or weakness, particularly in an arm or leg. Sometimes lower back pain is not a specific condition, but a symptom of something else. Low back pain is more common in women than men. Being overweight can be one of the reason for an acute low back pain. Connective tissues surrounding muscles in the back normally have alternating layers of fibers that handle substantial loads and glide easily. People with longstanding low-back pain have decreased gliding motion between connective tissue layers, which could contribute to functional impairment. Interventions that restore connective tissue mobility and muscle function may be important to prevent long-term damage to vulnerable structures such as joints and intervertebral discs. Inflammation may be a key cause of back pain, and avoiding inflammatory foods is an easy way to relieve your pain, it revealed. Potential risk factors for back pain include older age, female sex, increased physical work demands, and emotional disorders. Low back pain associated with leg pain is particularly a more serious issue. This is known as neurogenic claudication.  Leg pain which are associated with back pain signifies the nerve roots being compressed either by ostrophytes or a prolapsed disc in the lumbosacral region. If kept unattended it can lead to numbness and finally weakness of the leg. Urinary  problems bowel problems and sexual dysfunction  are also a seculae of long standing back pain with nerve root compression . A condition known as Cauda Equina Syndrome comprising of long standing back pain and sudden development of leg pain and leg weakness and urinary retention due to a prolapsed disc in the limbo sacral spine is a state of surgical emergency. Those most at risk of developing back pain are people that are overweight. Losing just a few pounds could help to prevent the condition. While it may seem reasonable to suggest that obesity places undue stress on the pelvis, back, and spine—triggering the development of chronic back pain—the association has long been a point of contention among researchers. Obesity is the major cause and contributor to lower back pain, when a person is obese, any added weight in the midsection shifts the pelvis forward and causes the spine to curve excessively inward. We call this hyperlordosis or swayback. It is a condition that exerts abnormal pressure on back muscles that are forced to bear the weight. Obesity has also been linked with low back pain, although a previous systematic review concluded obesity was only a weak risk factor. Some researchers say that obesity plays a strong role in increasing back pain, other say obesity has none or little impact. More evidence is being published that abdominal obesity does cause mechanical stress on the spine and that abdominal ft is an inflammation making factory attacking spinal nerves.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13457/is-low-back-pain-ruining-your-life-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13457/is-low-back-pain-ruining-your-life-.html Thu, 25 Apr 2019 13:10:00 +0530 Back pain is a common condition that affects most people at some point in their lifetime. It could be caused by sleeping in the wrong position, having bad posture, or even by having a minor injury. In most cases, back pain isn’t anything to worry about, and it gets better by itself within a few weeks or months. But in some cases, back pain can sometimes be acute, recurrent or chronic and can appear anywhere along the spine. Back pain is generally cause by the degeneration of the spine. As degeneration occurs, minor trauma or unusual activity can produce back pain, causing muscle pain and spasms. The outer ring of the disc can tear, and the inner cushioned part of the disc may continue to degenerate. Eventually, this can lead to spinal instability and nerve entrapment, which causes nerve pain. Bone spurs or osteophytes (bony growths) develop in and around the facet joint and discs. The ligaments can thicken and compress the spinal cord, causing central spinal stenosis or nerve root entrapment. Movement, or spondylolisthesis, may occur, which can cause instability and movement in the spinal column. This may produce pain or weakness, particularly in an arm or leg. Sometimes lower back pain is not a specific condition, but a symptom of something else. Low back pain is more common in women than men. Being overweight can be one of the reason for an acute low back pain. Connective tissues surrounding muscles in the back normally have alternating layers of fibers that handle substantial loads and glide easily. People with longstanding low-back pain have decreased gliding motion between connective tissue layers, which could contribute to functional impairment. Interventions that restore connective tissue mobility and muscle function may be important to prevent long-term damage to vulnerable structures such as joints and intervertebral discs. Inflammation may be a key cause of back pain, and avoiding inflammatory foods is an easy way to relieve your pain, it revealed. Potential risk factors for back pain include older age, female sex, increased physical work demands, and emotional disorders. Low back pain associated with leg pain is particularly a more serious issue. This is known as neurogenic claudication.  Leg pain which are associated with back pain signifies the nerve roots being compressed either by ostrophytes or a prolapsed disc in the lumbosacral region. If kept unattended it can lead to numbness and finally weakness of the leg. Urinary  problems bowel problems and sexual dysfunction  are also a seculae of long standing back pain with nerve root compression . A condition known as Cauda Equina Syndrome comprising of long standing back pain and sudden development of leg pain and leg weakness and urinary retention due to a prolapsed disc in the limbo sacral spine is a state of surgical emergency. Those most at risk of developing back pain are people that are overweight. Losing just a few pounds could help to prevent the condition. While it may seem reasonable to suggest that obesity places undue stress on the pelvis, back, and spine—triggering the development of chronic back pain—the association has long been a point of contention among researchers. Obesity is the major cause and contributor to lower back pain, when a person is obese, any added weight in the midsection shifts the pelvis forward and causes the spine to curve excessively inward. We call this hyperlordosis or swayback. It is a condition that exerts abnormal pressure on back muscles that are forced to bear the weight. Obesity has also been linked with low back pain, although a previous systematic review concluded obesity was only a weak risk factor. Some researchers say that obesity plays a strong role in increasing back pain, other say obesity has none or little impact. More evidence is being published that abdominal obesity does cause mechanical stress on the spine and that abdominal ft is an inflammation making factory attacking spinal nerves. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13440/5-reasons-b-pharmacy-admission-is-right-for-you.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13440/5-reasons-b-pharmacy-admission-is-right-for-you.html Wed, 24 Apr 2019 10:10:00 +0530 Pharmacy is a great career option that has a strong scope with many lucrative opportunities. The pharmacy industry is massive in India and was valued at $33 billion in 2017. The projection is that the pharmacy industry will reach $55 billion at a CAGR of 22.4% by 2020. With such strong numbers, B Pharmacy admission makes up for a lucrative career for students. It’s a 4-year degree program that is spread across 8 semesters. Here are 5 reasons why B Pharmacy admission is right for you You Want to Work With Patients Once you get your B Pharma degree, you will be able to work in a lot of different settings. However, patients will be the primary people that will surround you. As a pharmacist, you will find your role across different healthcare settings including ambulatory, inpatient, and community. There are so many different and diverse roles available for a pharmacist that they work in multiple settings involving people. As a pharmacist, in addition to providing medicines, there are other services that you would provide. Pharmacists provide asthma care, cholesterol screening, blood pressure monitoring services, smoking cessation consultation, diabetes disease management, bone density scans and more. You Like Helping People It may not come off as obvious, but pharmacists help patients to feel better. Since pharmacists are medication specialists, they are best equipped to make patients feel better about their situation. Pharmacists also play a crucial role in improving medication adherence. The cultural competence of pharmacists such as lifestyle, language, diet, and much more helps them to evaluate and make patients take medicines as prescribed by the doctor. You Want to Have Diverse Career Opportunities Yes, you’re reading it right. Pharmacy is a diverse career with many opportunities in scientific research, development, patient care and entrepreneurship. There is a huge variety of job roles available for pharmacists after B Pharmacy admission and degree completion. The most obvious choice for pharmacists is working in retail pharmacy, either in a healthcare facility or community. In this role, they provide over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications along with counselling to the patients. They can even work in the pharmaceutical industry, teach at university or conduct research. Here’s how a list of careers you can choose after B Pharmacy admission: Community Pharmacists Hospital Pharmacists Hospice/Palliative Care Health-Care Administration Pharmaceutical Companies Production Chemist Medical Representatives Regulatory Affairs Scientific Writing Medical Scripting Clinical Research Pharmacovigilance Higher Education – M. Pharmacy, MBA, Law, Patent Agent After B Pharma, pharmacists can take the above roles and then move to key leadership roles across different aspects of the healthcare system. You Want to Be an Important Part of Healthcare Team Pharmacists play a critical and important role across all healthcare teams. There have been numerous studies on pharmacists, and the results have been consistent to show that they are one of the most important members of the healthcare team. If you choose to pursue B Pharma, you would be an important part of the healthcare system and provide medication for management of various illnesses. You Want a Stable yet Flexible Career A bachelor’s degree in pharmacy will provide stable employment throughout your career. With a degree, you would be able to work as a licensed pharmacist across the country. Also, you have the privilege of choosing your work hours. For instance, you want your pharmacy to operate 24x7 – you can do that! Alternatively, if you want to work a night shift or in the emergency wing – you can do that too. Since the need for pharmacists is vast, there’s much flexibility in this career. If the five reasons mentioned above align with your goals, get B Pharmacy admission to make your dreams come true. B Pharmacy admission in universities like UPES allows students to pre-enrol before appearing for 12th boards if they have a minimum of 50% in class 10th. The university is also rated QS 5 Stars for employability and is the first Indian university to receive this rating. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13433/how-analytics-can-revolutionize-the-healthcare-ecosystem.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13433/how-analytics-can-revolutionize-the-healthcare-ecosystem.html Tue, 23 Apr 2019 11:00:00 +0530 The continually churning wheels of technological evolution have boosted the growth of the Indian Healthcare Industry, which has become one of India’s largest industries in terms of both revenue and employment. Despite having a significant rise in the manpower, India is still thriving to provide quality healthcare to its population of over 1.37 billion. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Blockchain, Cloud, Data Analytics, and other evolving techs have disrupted all segments of the Indian healthcare industry including hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance, and medical equipment. Today, amongst all technologies, Data Analytics and Big Data have poised themselves as the essential fuel to mechanize other techs for healthcare evolution. The Need of Analytics in Indian Healthcare Whether it is patient care, healthcare delivery, or consumer satisfaction, Indian healthcare industry needs a complete overhaul and that is possible only by leveraging big data science and analytics. The ability of big data to solve continually growing large data volumes with greater accuracy can change healthcare delivery across the Indian geography. For instance, symptoms analytics allows figuring out what happened, while root cause and predictive analytics enable understanding of why it happened and what is likely to happen in the future. Predictive analysis of medical history and health data of patients collated and stored on a cloud system can help doctors derive precision medicine, which can address alarming treatment concerns related to both Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases. Statistically, India falls short under the WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines in terms of ideal doctor-patient ratio. Analytics aided telemedicine can address the issue ensuring quality healthcare to all across rural and urban areas. Patient records, cost, diagnosis, pharmaceutics, and medical research data are among other healthcare influencing factors that can be aptly analyzed with help of a robust analytics system. In fact, the insights from patient analytics can help organizations take real-time actions in healthcare and research for better service and medical care. Analytics – A Quintessential Part of Telemedicine and Precision Medicine As per Statista, the global telemedicine market will reach USD 40 billion mark by 2021. With the new advancements, telemedicine is also witnessing an expansion in the Indian healthcare sector. Currently, healthcare providers can access medical data of a patient distantly located in a remote area and can offer virtual consultation through audio-visual communication. The increasing role of big data will help doctors to evaluate patients with their personalized and pre-analyzed data and derive precision medicine for better healthcare delivery in real-time. The timely interventions with help of data analytics can improve patient health and eliminate the high treatment costs as well. The concept of big data in the context of healthcare is considered one of the transformative drivers for intelligent healthcare delivery systems. Not just telemedicine, but mHealth is also poised to benefit from the developments in the field of healthcare data analytics. The greater outreach of mobile phones and wireless technology in healthcare is serving a dual purpose by - educating people for preventive healthcare services (majorly for NCDs) and helping healthcare providers with access of patient data for quality treatment. According to the statista the mobile health industry is predicted to reach almost USD 60 billion by 2020. The evolution of mHealth will be driven by data analytics to a great extent. The fast progress of efficient healthcare record systems, wearable devices, and medical examination systems that implement techs like data analytics and artificial intelligence has become an important part of the way the healthcare sector works. The blockchain is effectively helping healthcare organizations to manage patient data stored on the cloud and also ensuring prevention of data breaching in the constantly increasing medical data. The secure and reliable method of recording, storing, and sharing sensitive data in the modern Electronic Health Records is aiding the growth of the healthcare sector and delivery of precision medicine. Defining the Growth Curve of Indian Healthcare Driven by the potential to improve the quality of healthcare, garnering intelligence from the massive quantities of data - ‘Big Data’, the modern Indian healthcare sector can provide better medical care and quality treatment. Today, analytics is helping healthcare organizations remind patients to keep up with a healthy lifestyle, as well as keep track of where a patient stands in regard to their lifestyle choices. IBEF expects Indian Healthcare Sector to reach USD 372 billion by 2022 and Analytics has an important role to play in this growth. VBRI Group is devoted towards building smart health infrastructures to solve daily problems and to pay more for sustainable lifestyles through technology-based ideas. The recently patented technology is related to e-clinics in India and that is now in the third-stage of field trials. The e-clinics is ready to provide simpler medical assistance through onlineaccess of doctors and other medical help around the clock via smartphonein the Indian countryside. This mass medicine technology will save many lives and will also strengthen the society.The demand for better healthcare driven by rising income, greater health awareness, lifestyle (NC) diseases, and increasing access to insurance can only be met with a revolutionary role of analytics in the Indian healthcare sector.  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13396/utis-and-the-impact-of-antibiotic-resistance.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13396/utis-and-the-impact-of-antibiotic-resistance.html Thu, 18 Apr 2019 12:20:00 +0530 Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are particularly common, and multiple women experience this at least a few times in their lifetime. Over 10 million cases are reported yearly in India alone! These infections are usually easy to treat, without major complications; it can be diagnosed by disclosing certain grievances or symptoms to your doctor. One starts to feel better within a day or two, and goes about with their daily routines normally. However, reports reveal that UTI’s are now becoming difficult to treat. This is due to the bacteria becoming resistant to oral medications one takes regularly; and many serious disorders get misdiagnosed as simple UTI. This is due to undue dependence of internet and self-medication. This also happens due to seeking alternative therapies for ‘so called simple’ UTI which is actually not the case always. When it comes to UTI’s, symptoms reoccur after a few days, caused due to drug failure to combat the bacteria that learn to survive. This is because antibiotics are easily obtained for self-medication etc. Self-medication with inappropriate antibiotics and inadequate doses can lead to life threatening drug resistant infections. Some UTI’s are now prone to linger, and the bacteria succeeds in surviving, in spite of several rounds of antibiotic treatment. The ability of bacteria to survive, evolve, mutate and build resistance is a worrisome threat; some of reasons for this resistance are: Up to 50% of all prescribed antibiotics are not needed, or are not prescribed appropriately, or are not prescribed by a qualified doctor at all or people tend to self-medicate by referring to the internet! This is a dangerous trend! Overuse and incorrect use of antibiotics Misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, this primarily roots from lack of regulations Improper use of antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription for viral conditions-common cold and flu, mild infections etc.; these fuel resistance An uncomplicated UTI will not prove to be fatal; however, an infection that has become resistant may spread to organs or into the bloodstream. This may further lead to complications that cannot be reversed and can turn fatal. It is advisable that people consider a doctors’ opinion before casually popping pills; self-diagnosis and self-treating should not be considered as an option. It is vital for one to make sure they use medicines properly, as per the dosage and as per the timeline prescribed by their physician. In a complicated UTI, your Urologist may advise higher investigations and imaging like nuclear scans, MRI or CT scans or even endoscopic procedures. To ensure that your UTI is tackled appropriately, one must: Follow your doctor advice thoroughly Do not use Google as a doctor Say no to self-medication Say no self-diagnosis Complete the course of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor; do not stop your medication abruptly just because you ‘feel better’ Do not modify or add drugs without your doctor’s advice Strictly refrain from cross-pathy! That means not mixing allopathy with other forms of medicine Remember that an UTI is a urological disease and it is very rarely associated with gynecological disorders   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13395/adductor-canal-block-an-emerging-but-promising-analgesia-to-pain-after-knee-replacement.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13395/adductor-canal-block-an-emerging-but-promising-analgesia-to-pain-after-knee-replacement.html Thu, 18 Apr 2019 12:00:00 +0530 No matter how much we want to avoid it, knee replacement is the only reliable solution for end-stage osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis affecting this part of our body. With increasing life expectancy, the chances of getting a problematic knee has become higher – in past 10 years, total knee replacement trumped coronary artery bypass graft surgery as the most common major surgery performed in the developed world. In India, knee problems constitute a significant burden of disease – an estimated 15 crore people in India are living with knee problems, out of which nearly 4 crore people need total knee replacement. However, in spite of the modern medical technologies making knee replacement surgeries successful and easier than before, post-operative pain remains a concern and people often delay replacement fearing the pain would cripple their daily lives. What is Adductor Canal Block (ACB)? For many years, doctors have dabbled in several options to improve postoperative pain management in knee replacement patients including the neuraxial blockade, systemic opioids, intrathecal opioids, systemic steroid/non-steroidal analgesics, local infiltration analgesia, and peripheral nerve blockade (PNB). In fact, the femoral nerve block (FNB) has been considered as the main peripheral nerve block for postoperative pain-relieving method following knee surgery. However, weakness in quadriceps (a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg) remained one of the major drawbacks of FNB. Effective postoperative pain relief is important after total knee replacement surgeries as severe pain can impair mobilization. In recent years, adductor canal block (ACB) has come up as an alternative nerve block – injecting a pain-relieving agent in the canal provides more effective results since the saphenous nerve (a sensory nerve) and part of the obturator nerve (providing motor function to the knee) travel through the adductor canal of thigh. Advantages of Using Adductor Canal Block (ACB) Administering postoperative analgesic may weaken the quadriceps which can impact the mobility in the postoperative state. It may also facilitate untoward events such as a fall that can further complicate the situation – the risk of fall with a femoral nerve block (FNB) can be as high as 7 percent. One of the biggest advantages of this process is that, when compared to femoral nerve block (FNB) process, adductor canal block (ACB) has caused less weakness in quadriceps.ACB has been consistently shown to preserve the majority of Quadriceps Motor Strength (QMS) and may enhance achieving functional mobility of the patient. In a populous country such as India, where every year an estimated 70,000 hip and knee replacement surgeries are performed, using a nascent but advanced technique such as adductor canal block (ACB) can be a boon to the healthcare providers at all levels. In spite of the longer infusion period, ACB requires lesser interventions from the provider as compared to any of the other methods currently in use. This effectively means that a healthcare provider can attend to the medical needs of more people than before. This makes opting for ACB an economical option – in fact, researches conducted on the efficacy of ACB found that such patients have a shorter length of stay (LOS) at hospital than those who received femoral nerve block (FNB). Adductor canal block (ACB) is a promising technique and with increasing adoption, it has the potential to help people in both urban and rural India.    ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13390/increased-awareness-can-limit-the-spread-of-haemophilia.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13390/increased-awareness-can-limit-the-spread-of-haemophilia.html Wed, 17 Apr 2019 15:00:00 +0530 Haemophilia is a rare genetic disease that affects the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding. This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. April 17 is observed worldwide every year as World Haemophilia Day to increase awareness on Haemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders. What makes haemophilia a concern is that currently there is no cure and the disease can only be managed to improve the quality of life. Patients can present with various symptoms and not just bleeding.  Severity can vary from life-threatening, seemingly unprovoked bleeding episodes to those affected lead normal lives for many years until a serious injury or a routine medical procedure suddenly starts off uncontrolled bleeding. The disease is genetically transmitted from parent to the child and hence there may be a history another affected family member but in one-third of cases, there may not be any such history as it may be due to a new mutation. Men who have inherited Haemophilia pass on the gene to their daughters, but not their sons. Women, who carry the haemophilia gene, may pass the gene on to their sons and daughters. Haemophilia is due to a defective gene in the X chromosome. As women have two X chromosome they are not generally affected and can act as carriers. On the other hand, as men have only one X chromosome if they get the defective gene they are affected.  India has the second highest number of Haemophilia patients in the world according to the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) and a good percentage of them remain undetected and undiagnosed. India has around 17,000 Haemophiliacs according to the Federation. Being a rare disease, many Haemophiliacs don’t know they are suffering from the disease since childhood. It is therefore important to spread awareness about the disease as well as educate new couples who might produce a child with haemophilia without realizing it. A couple entering into marriage with plans of bearing children must undergo premarital genetic testing to gauge the risks of delivering a child with Haemophilia if there is family history of bleeding disorder. Accordingly, the couple can make well-informed family planning choices. Women, who know they are carriers, or might be carriers, may have options for prenatal diagnosis to obtain information on foetal status. If foetus is affected the family can then decide whether to continue with the pregnancy or proceed to medical termination. Many times the choices are not offered to the family in time to make meaningful interventions. If a mother is known to be a carrier a haematologist should be involved in the supervision of pregnancy as part of the multidisciplinary team along with the obstetrician well before delivery. There has to be a written birth plan in place for delivery after discussing with the family advantages and disadvantages of normal delivery vs caesarean section and neonatal team need to be involved in a birth plan to ensure the safety of mother and the baby. The plan should also clarify what should happen if the mother goes into labour early.  After delivery, a cord blood sample will be used to check if a male baby has Haemophilia. Symptoms There are various symptoms such as pain or swelling in joints, excessive bleeding, blood in urine or stool, heavy or prolonged periods, nose bleeds or internal bleeding. Mostly the disease is detected when a person bleeds for a long time after an injury. The disorder is sometimes fatal due to late referrals and this is because of the lack of awareness of the disorder. In a known patient the bleeding symptoms can be managed using Anti Haemophilia Factors (AHFs). During the first presentation as emergency treatment, doctors may use fresh frozen plasma and Cryoprecipitates which are generally stored in most major hospitals. General Precautions There are some general precautions that one should take if one is afflicted with Haemophilia. Some of them are: Exercise: Exercise helps strengthen muscles, improve concentration and coordination. Haemophiliacs can be involved in swimming, cycling, walking as these are considered healthy for them. The degree of intensity which is safe will vary between patients and hence take advice from your haematologist. Take care of joints: Haemophiliacs bleed both externally or internally, which can injure the knee, ankle and elbow joints. Continuous bleeding in these areas can damage cartilage and the bones in the joint and cause chronic arthritis and disability. Caring for these by regular exercise and check-ups can help Haemophiliacs stay fit. Precautions for travel: If a Haemophilia patient travels, it is crucial to understand whether the place they are going to has appropriate clinics, a good supply of prescribed drugs or they need to ensure they carry an adequate supply of prescribed and the right documents supporting them. With advanced treatments available now, the disease can be treated, though there may not be a permanent cure at least in the near future. We recently came across a 4-year-old boy who had been to multiple doctors with episodes of joint swelling affecting various joints at different times attended our clinic. The only clue in history was that there was one episode of prolonged bleeding after he bit his tongue one year earlier. Based on that history we investigated him and confirmed the diagnosis of haemophilia. He was started on appropriate treatment and his life changed for the better. The disease can be managed with close supervision, adequate care, patient education. Access to AHFs and affordability is crucial. In some states in India full AHFs support is available though the supply is not always consistent. Support groups for haemophilia has contributed greatly to creating awareness amongst patients and organizing treatment centres. Dedicated training in Haemophilia management for medical professionals seeking expertise in this area, encouraging clinical research to provide affordable care and commitment from health care authorities are crucial to ensure those affected with haemophilia live a productive and wholesome life.   Dr. Stalin Ramprakash, Consultant, Paediatric Haematology, Oncology & BMT, Aster CMI Hospital  ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13185/present-scenario-of-indian-ayurveda-industry-and-the-road-ahead.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13185/present-scenario-of-indian-ayurveda-industry-and-the-road-ahead.html Tue, 26 Mar 2019 11:15:00 +0530 As the world is speedily inclining towards pure and organic stuff, the most ancient science of medicine and healthcare, Ayurveda is reliving with its glory. Many recent studies and report clearly explain that the revival of Ayurveda is not restricted to India and China but from Asia to Africa and North America to Europe, Ayurveda is successful in creating domino impact all across the globe. As per the joint market research of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), the Indian Ayurveda market is all set to register 16 per cent growth (CAGR) till 2025. At present, the size of the domestic market is INR 30,000 Cr ($ 4.4 billion), and Ayurveda’s market penetration is increasing in both rural and urban areas. The report also conveys that 77 per cent of Indian households are using Ayurvedic products as against 69 per cent in 2015. The major chunk of the domestic revenue (75 per cent) comes from the sale of Ayurveda products whereas services/consulting contribute only 25 per cent to the total business. On the other hand, its massive popularity in the West is auguring a bright future of Ayurveda on the global landscape.The industry whose total worth was $3.4 billion in 2015 is expected to reach $9.7 billion by 2022. Growing awareness among masses about potential side effects of conventional treatments on various media platforms has compelled them to switch to natural, safer, and holistic alternative, Ayurveda. Besides, the myth has busted that Ayurveda is effective only to treat abdominal, skin, and sexual problems. Ranging from diabetes to cancer and depression to cardiovascular diseases, today, people are relying on Ayurveda to treat a variety of physical, mental, and genetic issues. And, this correction is mainly accredited to two things, i.e. media and failure of modern pathies in delivering safe results. From toothpaste and pain relievers to immunity boosters like Shilajit, Ashwagandha, and almond oil, a household spends a significant portion of its monthly budget on Ayurvedic products. The future of Ayurveda is looking fabulous as more and more players are entering the market with innovative products, quality packaging, and strategic marketing activities. Earlier, Ayurvedic companies were failed to impress customers with presentation and promotional activities, but the new generation of entrepreneurs is smartly working on these aspects to partake in growing market competition. Moreover, as the travel and tourism industry of India is growing exponentially and foreign travellers are showing tremendous interest in Indian culture, Ayurveda is getting popular by leaps and bounds. In India, states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu are quite instrumental in getting benefits from medical tourism. These states have many advantages such as adequate infrastructure, specialized workforce, futuristic R&D, beautiful landscapes, and a relatively better environment or less contaminated environment. In addition, governments of these states are also very supportive in drafting industry-friendly policies. Undoubtedly, the future of Ayurveda is full of tremendously lucrative opportunities, but will India maintain its supremacy in this domain or not is a pressing question in the light of ongoing challenges and shortcomings. First of all, quality Ayurveda is impossible without quality herbs because, for the organic cultivation of these herbs, there required farms and land masses that were never exposed to artificial fertilisers. Secondly, though India is known as the cradle of Ayurveda, there are not enough Ayurveda colleges and institutions where the young generation can study this traditional science and make a career in this field. So, if concrete steps are not taken, there would be an acute shortage of Ayurveda professionals. Hence, both Government and private players should come forward to exploit future opportunities through PPP model as Ayurveda has a great potential to push Indian economy to newer heights. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13112/everyday-medicine-is-evolving-and-so-is-the-new-age-patient-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/13112/everyday-medicine-is-evolving-and-so-is-the-new-age-patient-.html Fri, 15 Mar 2019 11:55:00 +0530 There was a time when people met their family physician only when they were down with fever or some similar ailment, but in this day and age it’s a different picture. The scenario today is different people as young as 20 years are visiting hospitals for a preventive health check-up and they are serious about it. With stress, anxiety and endless hours of socializing people are having sleepless nights, episodes of depression, loneliness and too much insecurity. Keeping the youngsters aside, we get patients who are coming all the way from the interiors of our country. They are farmers, small town businessmen, housewives who have never ever met a doctor but now feel the need for a thorough check up. We help them, hear them out, counsel them and lastly treat them. Not all of them have serious ailments, some of them just need lifestyle modifications, de-addictions and the ladies need to know the importance of calcium and vitamin D supplementation also essential things like breast examination to say the least. We try to expel such wrong pre-set notions which are deeply embedded in their minds, for example eating curd will give rise to phlegm, consuming banana will give constipation, having essential medicines like anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetics gives acidity. The list is endless There is also the corporate sector and the working class which as a company policy send their employees for an annual health check-up. This is definitely a good policy which encourages the family members to also have similar check-ups .We come across educated people who have difficulty in accepting their medical diagnosis of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, or asthma .Giving them time, counseling them, dispelling the fear of unknown is fruitful sometimes but not always. Hidden among all these people we manage to find some serious ailments for instance breast cancers, chronic liver diseases, lung cancers, tuberculosis etc. We encourage people to take up healthy practices like brisk walking, meditation and yoga and also advising them to increase physical activity and indulge in sports. People from neighboring countries also come in huge numbers and it is an experience in itself sometimes when history taking becomes a big challenge owing to language barrier, but health issues and concerns remain similar around the world. Getting a full body examination, expensive lab tests sometimes may not give you all the answers. The general population has to be primed especially the young population about the need of proper balanced diet/exercise/yoga/meditations, proper sleep and rest. Not only this spending time with family, conversations with friends, vacations with family, some time off from mobile devices and social media can bring you in the right frame of mind and in turn lead you on the path of health .We need to educate people about the importance of knowing ones family history and how it may influence the future generations health and how best to tackle it. Simple activities like checking blood pressure and blood sugars at home can find so many potential hypertensives and diabetic patients and avert dangers before any life threatening damage is done. It is now the need of times to be cautious and take care of ones health. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12984/world-hearing-day-a-music-to-your-ears.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12984/world-hearing-day-a-music-to-your-ears.html Mon, 04 Mar 2019 12:15:00 +0530 Hearing impairment is a serious health problem significantly affecting the quality of life of those affected. It can be caused by several factors. Hearing loss can be broadly classified into conductive and sensorineural. Those factors that cause a block in the conduction of sound from the external environment to the inner ear cause a conductive hearing loss and are completely curable. Factors affecting the inner ear and the auditory nerve however cause a sensorineural hearing loss and are only preventable. Treatment for such disorders is expensive and sometimes unsatisfactory. Hearing loss can be congenital or acquired. Acquired causes of hearing loss are completely preventable. The common causes are ear infections, exposure to loud noise, effect of toxins, and head trauma. As part of the World Hearing Day on March 3, it is important to understand the causes and the many remedies to hearing problems and one can do a lot on one’s own to prevent the onset of  hearing-loss. Let us examine a few causes and solutions to common hearing problems. Infections of the middle ear can occur at all age, but start mostly in childhood. Neglected ear infections tend to be the leading cause of hearing morbidity in our country. They can be cured by simple surgery. Untreated middle ear infections can lead to sudden life threatening complications and sometimes permanent hearing loss. Attention should be paid to childhood ear infections and treated before it becomes a chronic health hazard. Excessive noise at workplace can cause hearing problems if noise levels go beyond 85 dB and can result in a permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Those working in industries with loud noises can protect their ear by wearing ear plugs and screen for hearing loss at frequent intervals. The volume controls on electronics should be handled carefully and the people must ensure that the  volume of TV, radio and personal electronics  is kept as low as possible.  Head injury leads to varying degrees of hearing loss depending on the nature of the fracture to the temporal bone. They are preventable by wearing helmets. Foreign bodies in the ear can cause hearing loss as well. The use of cotton buds could lead to trauma and injury to the tympanic membrane and the middle ear ossicles and cause significant hearing impairment contrary to popular belief. The cotton buds in children would not remove ear wax but push the wax deep into the ear canal in front of the ear drum. This can cause significant hearing loss and discomfort. Home remedies like hot oil, garlic and onion inserted into the ear are very harmful and must not be attempted.  Home ear wax removal suction equipment must never be used as tympanic membrane and middle ear ossicles are very minute delicate structures and can be damaged when there is no knowledge of the anatomy involved. It's the responsibility of every human being to take care of their senses. It is important to be aware of the impact of our everyday activities on our sensory systems and seek professional help when needed. Marking this year’s celebration of World Hearing Day on March 3, 2019, an initiative of World Health Organisation’s (WHO) Office of Prevention of Blindness and Deafness, that promotes the importance of early detection and treatment for hearing loss, let’s vow to protect our ears this hearing day, for there is so much to hear in this beautiful world.    Dr Anupama Annam, Consultant ENT and Skull Base Surgeon at Westminster Healthcare, Chennai ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12960/halotherapy-a-drugless-solution-to-variety-of-ailments-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12960/halotherapy-a-drugless-solution-to-variety-of-ailments-.html Thu, 28 Feb 2019 16:55:00 +0530 In today’s fast lifestyle, health issues are the biggest burden people all over the world are facing. They tend to neglect the ideal nutrition and diet, precautionary measures taken against pollution, adverse effects of smoking, sleeping patterns, unfavourable stress and anxiety. Halotherapy is the best remedy for all of these major problems since it revitalizes the lungs and skin. Salt not only stipulates the taste of food but also serves many more purposes in one’s day-to-day routine due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties. According to Health experts, the dry salt therapy aka Halotherapy cleans up respiratory tracts and reaches the deepest areas of lungs and helps ease clogging. The negative electric charge carried by Salt aerosol stimulates the respiratory system and help with stress, trauma and sleep patterns. Halotherapy is a natural therapy that makes use of salt to fight against various disorders. Salt has been an essential, virtually omnipresent, part of medicine for thousands of years. It has been used as a remedy, a support treatment, and a preventive measure. In the world of stringent medications, side effects, allergies, drugless remedies like Halotherapy holds utmost value to one’s wellness and wellbeing. Based on the various researches, halotherapy has been widely accepted as a natural and safe treatment to people with respiratory and skin ailments. Halotherapy clinics have opened in Europe, Australia, UK and the US where thousands benefit from this drugless and relaxing therapy. In India, Salt therapy is in its nascent stage and wellness centres such as Salt World are being set up to bring this popular treatment to the people. Salt Therapy is a safe, natural and drugless therapy to relieve symptoms of respiratory and skin conditions, a holistic treatment which takes place under simulated conditions of a natural salt cave. Dry microscopic salt particles when inhaled during Halotherapy access the deepest area of the respiratory tract to cleanse lungs of pathogens, smoke residues and pollutants. The therapy also enhances child’s immunity by reducing the IgE levels, improves endurance naturally, and avoids frequent sick days. The granular salt particles when inhaled kills the microorganisms in the lungs and helps reduce mucus and inflammation. Salt used for Halotherapy sessions is said to have healing properties nursing the diverse skin conditions including Eczema and Psoriasis offering medicinal benefits to the skin. On the other hand, it also relieves stress, depression and fatigue with the soothing and anti-histamine properties of salt. With the numerous healing stories of people suffering from Asthma, Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Allergies, Hay fever/Allergic Rhinitis, COPD, Sinusitis, Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Cough, Throat infection, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Smokers cough, Snoring, Frequent Cold/Flu, Dermatitis, Acne, Psoriasis and Eczema, Halotherapy helps people in better breathing, healthier skin, sounder sleep, improved physical fitness and endurance and overall wellness. Athletes and Singers to improve their stamina, endurance, lung capacity for better performance are also using Salt Therapy.   Salt World, located at HSR layout in Bangalore is a wellness centre offering natural and drugless therapy to relieve symptoms of respiratory and skin conditions. Aiming at improving the overall health of an individual in a drugless environment, Salt World uses much sophisticated Halogenerator obtained from UK and the member of Salt Therapy Association (STA), USA. The sessions of Salt therapy take place in the salt rooms that simulates a natural salt cave environment. Salt World uses the state of art technology to provide maximum comfort to their customers. In order to set up a dynamic and controlled room, dry salt aerosol particles of size less than 5 microns are dispersed into an enclosed room using the Halogenerator during the therapy session. The walls and floors of the room are coated with 5 tons of salt to provide a complete sterile environment for healing as well as to reproduce the microclimate specific to maintain a sterile salt cave. The special ventilators and boosters are being used to exhaust the salt particles outside the salt room at the end of every treatment session. The treatment duration is for about an hour with the relaxed environment where one can read, enjoy the music, relax and breathe easy while receiving the benefits of salt therapy. Having a separate salt session room for children sets Salt World apart from the other players. The children’s room has everything from toys, puzzles, games, books and television to keep them engaged and make it a fun session for them. Salt World believes in providing responsive and high-quality care in a cost-effective manner. Despite providing Salt Therapy, Salt World also provides complete package and turnkey solution to open a salt room in any premises like hotel, resort, spa, yoga centre, private home, apartment, hospital, clinic, massage centre, shopping mall, school, pre-school, etc.   Deepthi Babu, Founder, Salt World ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12934/cancer-care-the-new-dynamics.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12934/cancer-care-the-new-dynamics.html Tue, 26 Feb 2019 15:45:00 +0530 Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that destroy the normal tissue of the body with the ability to migrate from their site of origin is called cancer.If diagnosed, early cancer can be treated.However, lack of awareness among masses often results in late diagnosis, which is followed by a bad prognosis. Every cancer is different and making masses aware of each one of them may not practically possible, however, awareness regarding some common warning signs and regular screening can help in early diagnosis and better prognosis. Prevention is better than cure, a cliché that still holds true. Sadly, there are no guaranteed methods to prevent cancer, however, healthy eating habits, regular exercise, vaccinations against hepatitis B & HPV might reduce the risk. A cancer diagnosis is challenging for the person as well as his family. The person often goes into denial and questions his destiny. There are high chances of the patient going in depression in lack of emotional support. Support from family and counselling often helps the patients to accept the situation. Once diagnosed, the next step is a selection of the treatment approach. Cancer can be managed surgically, medically or as a combination of both depending on the type and extent of cancer.Non-surgical approaches include chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Care at Home Technological and medical advancements have made it possible to deliver 70% of hospital care in the comfort of home and cancer management is no exception. Taking a step further Healthcare atHome is providing services like screening breast and cervical cancer at home.Cancer is a disease that carries a fear factor with it and people are often confused about cancer treatment at home; therefore it becomes very important to understand that what can be expected at home. Except for surgical management and radiotherapy, every other aspect of cancer care starting from counselling to chemotherapy can be availed at home. Pre and Post surgical care: When a surgical approach is selected for the cancer management, the patient has to attain a level of health before undergoing the surgery. After surgery, the patient needs regular wound dressing and medical care. Both pre- and post-surgical care can be managed at home. Rehydration therapy: Patients undergoing cancer treatment can get dehydrated easily. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery can be challenging for your body’s digestive system and vomiting and diarrhoea are common, which can be easily managed under care at home. Nutrition: Nutrition management is also an important aspect of cancer treatment. Nutrition during cancer management does not simply mean eating healthy but it has a therapeutic value. Diet under the care of qualified nutritionist can be followed at home. Palliative care: When all the treatment options are exhausted theonly option left is to provide palliative care, which is targeted towards pain management, symptom management, and improving quality of life.  Why Care at Home? Cancer treatment is consuming not only physically but also financially. Cost effective: Care at home provides cost-effective access to cancer management at home. Patient saves on admission charges, room charges, and even on medicine. Healthcare atHome(HCAH) provides medicines to its patients at a discounted price, which is often not possible in hospital set-ups. Emotional support is one of the important aspects of cancer management and studies have proven time and again that people recover faster at home than a hospital. Prevention from hospital-acquired infectionsCancer management results in decreased immunity and patients are often exposed to hospital-acquired When managed at home, hospital-acquired infections can be avoided. At-par quality: Technological advancements have changed the dynamics of the healthcare in the recent past. Portable equipment and video-conferencing have made it possible to deliver healthcare at home even for a disease like cancer without compromising on quality. The concept is fairly established in the Western world; however, it is still in the infantile phase in India.To address the quality concerns outside hospitals, Quality and Accreditation Institute put forth guidelines for the home healthcare companies in an effort to standardise their services, and HCAH became the first home healthcare company to be awarded the accreditation. Future of Cancer Care at Home Cancer care at home has already become popular because of its economic and emotional advantages. However, it still stays out of the reach of people who depend on government schemes and insurance for their management. Time has come when government and insurance companies should evaluate their stand over cancer management at home.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12914/cochlear-implantation-in-children.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12914/cochlear-implantation-in-children.html Mon, 25 Feb 2019 11:05:00 +0530 To have the best results of cochlear implant the child has to be diagnosed for hearing loss at the earliest. Today, owing to technological advancements tests can be done on a one-day-old baby by using an universal screening method using an OAE. An OtoAcoustic Emission (OAE) is a low-level sound that is emitted by the cochlea triggered by an auditory stimulus. These sounds can be used to test the function of the cochlea and understand the level of the damage in the hair cells function and other parts of the ear, including the auditory nerve. If the baby fails in an OAE test, a Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) test needs to be done. A healthy hearing nerve transmits nerve impulses at a particular speed from the inner ear to the brainstem. The BERA test determines the rate at which the nerve impulse travels and indicates the occurrence of hearing loss. This will indicate the level of hearing loss. However mild hearing loss may not be detected by the test. Once diagnosed, the child should be put on hearing aid at the earliest, so as to keep the auditory nerves active till a Cochlear implantation is done. The cochlear implant should be done at the age of eight months if there is no response with hearing aids on both ears. Following this, a meticulous speech therapy is required for the child to understand what the child is hearing and to start speaking. The speech therapy may go on for more than a year at times even if the cochlear implant has been done as early as eight months. The child starts hearing in the mother’s womb after the seventh month of pregnancy and if the baby’s hearing is not developed by the eighth month the child is born deaf. The need for cochlear implant in this country is enormous as we have about 40 Lac children who are in need for cochlear implants. In my 20 years of experience in the field of Cochlear Implantations I have performed only 3000 implantations. This clearly shows the lack of awareness on Cochlear implantations. The best results with a cochlear implant can be observed if the implantations is done between eight months and 2 years of age as 80 percent of the brain develops during this period of life. The results of the Cochlear implants done within the age of five will also be good but the child will require a lot of speech therapy. For children between the age of five and ten, Cochlear implantation may help them in hearing and understanding but however will have affect their speech. And in children above the age of ten, Cochlear implantations will only help them in hearing. They will also be able to understand things to an extent but will not be able to speak at all. The delay in getting a cochlear implant gradually affects the sense of hearing, understanding and speech. Hence early detection and early treatment will give best results with regards to Cochlear implantation.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12860/post-budget-views-whats-ahead-for-the-medical-device-sector-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12860/post-budget-views-whats-ahead-for-the-medical-device-sector-in-india.html Tue, 19 Feb 2019 12:05:00 +0530 Seema Arora, National Marketing Head – India, ResMed shares her post-budget views- The medical device industry in India has undergone rapid transformations that have been propelled by the changing regulatory policies and the growing customer need driven by ‘value’ providing amalgamation of medical products and services. India, which is counted amongst the top 20 markets for medical devices in the world, is largely dominated by imported manufacturers. Third-party sources reveal that the medical device industry in India is valued at USD 5.2 billion, which is growing at a CAGR of 15.8% and slated to reach USD 50 billion by 2025 (Source: Invest India). Over the last few years, the Indian medical device industry value chain has also evolved greatly. To match future expectations and to maintain their stake in the evolving value chain, medical device companies will need to expand their business models and strategically focus on following a more ‘connected’ customer-centric approach. The growing demand for providing a holistic treatment to people in the near future is expected to bring about the much needed disruptive motivation required by the sector to grow. The new interim budget for 2019-2020 rolled out by the Government of India strongly envisions providing a ‘strong infrastructure and a comprehensive wellness system’, especially for citizens residing in the rural parts of the country. In order to benefit the economically weaker patients, the government is looking to reduce the overall healthcare costs in India, which are greatly influenced by medical devices and medical technology. The government is focused on encouraging domestic production of medical devices under the ‘Make in India’ scheme, however, it requires a greater need for regulating the device safety and quality norms to desired standards that would ultimately benefit the end-user. The government’s recent proposal to increase budget for Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) to INR 64 billion, is expected to accelerate availability of health insurance for targeted 500 million patients at a faster rate. In effect, while the policies have made a marginal effect on encouraging growth for the medical device sector, the government's move to include 'Healthy India' as one of its 10 key priorities for the sector is symbolic of the need to push towards preventive healthcare measures for a healthy India. Overall, the industry recognizes that there has been an increase in the number of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) spreading in the society, which can lead to several associated complications that can carry forward for a lifetime. In order to prevent such complications and improve the overall health environment of the people, medical device companies will need to carefully evaluate their business and operating models in order to deliver value beyond the devices alone by 2030. They will need to improve integration of intelligence into the devices to collect real-time health data of patients. The manufacturers will have to prepare themselves to deliver more cohesive ‘solutions’ that are affordable and assisted by a team of trained professionals providing ‘real-time engagement services’ to treat the patients. Companies will need to device remote monitoring platforms and tools that can provide targeted care delivery for a value driven holistic treatment experience. Furthermore, while the demand for innovative devices such as smart watches and smart sleep monitoring apps continues to increase, government’s vision to improve infrastructural facilities for health care also appear to be well placed to promote setup of more and more establishments like sleep labs throughout the country. As we all know that the fundamental principle for good health is ‘prevention’, to become future ready, the government too will need to lay down policies more precisely and collaboratively with the private sector. It is essential that both stakeholders work together to reform the sector positively to realize their common goal, which is to make quality healthcare services affordable and readily available for the people of India.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/12764/what-are-the-reasons-for-infertility-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/12764/what-are-the-reasons-for-infertility-in-india.html Thu, 07 Feb 2019 17:20:00 +0530 Over 30 million Indians, both men and women, suffer from infertility. Yet, there is not much open discussion about the growing concern and a general lack of awareness surrounding the condition. Infertility refers to an inability to conceive, despite regular unprotected sexual intercourse. While 40-50 per cent of the recorded cases of infertility are solely as a result of female bodily conditions, around 20 per cent include abnormal spermconditions and the rest are classified as unidentified factors.There are multiple risk factors that affect fertility of an individual and age is one of the most prominent. While a woman's fertility starts to drop and continues doing so after theage of 32, a man’s fertility starts to decline after the age of 50.Smoking is also a prime factor that influences the level of fertility. There is significant research to show that pregnant women who smoke during their term are at a greaterrisk of miscarriage. Similarly, alcohol too has an adverse effect on the mother and child; it is also linked to lower fertility of men. Obesity, coupled with a sedentary lifestyle, has also been linked to infertility in females and is also cause of an abnormal sperm count in males. Additionally, research has found that being underweight or anorexic can also have an adverse impact on fertility. Besides understanding the broad causes of infertility, there are several differentiating factors between male and female infertility. Among men, some of the most commonreasons are: Varicocele: A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle, and is the most common reversible cause of male infertility. Infection: Infections like inflammation or Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) can interfere with sperm production or sperm health or can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. Ejaculation issues: Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder during the orgasm instead of emerging out of the penis. Antibodies: Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and attempt to eliminate them. Tumours: Cancers and non-malignant tumours can affect the male reproductive organs directly, through glands that release hormones related to reproduction, such as the pituitary gland, or through unknown causes. In some cases, surgery, radiation or chemotherapy to treat tumours, can also affect male fertility. Hormone imbalances: Infertility can also result from an abnormality affecting other hormonal systems including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands.Low testosterone and other hormonal problems have a number of possible underlying causes. Sexual problems: Problems like maintaining an erection, premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, anatomical abnormalities, psychologically related, or relationshipproblems that interfere with sex can lead to infertility. Medication: Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications, certain antifungal medications, some ulcer drugs among other medications can impair sperm production and decrease male fertility. Among women, some of the most common factors for infertility are: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS causes a hormone imbalance, which affects ovulation, and is the most common cause of female infertility. Hypothalamic dysfunction:  These two hormones produced by the pituitary gland are responsible for stimulating ovulation each month. Disruption in the production of these hormones can affect ovulation and cause infertility. Premature ovarian failure: This disorder is usually caused by an autoimmune response or by premature loss of eggs from the ovary. The ovary does not produce eggs, lowers oestrogen production in women under the age of 40 and is a cause of infertility. Excessive prolactin: The pituitary gland may cause excess production of prolactin, which reduces oestrogen production and may cause infertility. Damage to fallopian tubes (tubal infertility): Damaged or blocked fallopian tubes keep sperm from getting to the egg or block the passage of the fertilised egg into the uterus and may be a cause for infertility. Endometriosis: Endometriosis affects the lining of the uterus and disrupts implantation of the fertilised egg. The condition also affects fertility in less-direct ways, such as damage to the sperm or egg. Uterine or cervical causes: Benign polyps or tumours that are common in the uterus can block fallopian tubes or interfere with implantation, affecting fertility.Uterine abnormalities present from birth can cause also cause problems becomingor remaining pregnant. Cervical stenosis, which is a narrowing of the cervix, can becaused by an inherited malformation or damage to the cervix is also a cause forinfertility. Today, more and more Indian women in the Metro Cities are delaying their pregnancy owing to their career and competitive jobs. While not all women may suffer from fertility problems with growing age, recent trend and analysis have adifferent story to tell. Today women are at a risk of infertility owing to their lifestyle choices. It is important that women understand their ovarian reserve before they take the decision of delaying pregnancy. This only helps them take a better decision and avoid unnecessary stress when they plan to conceive. Ovarian reserve is the poolof eggs present in the ovaries at any given time. Low ovarian reserve is when there is a physiological decrease in the number of eggs, resulting in an insufficient number to ensure a reasonable chance of pregnancy.The Anti Mullerian Hormone Test or more popularly known as the Ovarian Reserve Test gives a fair indication of a women’s fertility. Having said that, the AMH test is a multi-purpose test and increased level may also suggest conditions like PolyCystic Ovarian Syndrome. However the AMH test is an important test related to infertility. Couples who wish to conceive and are unable to should visit a fertility specialist and even a counselor if advised, It is important to understand the present status through proper diagnosis and take further treatment as per the doctor’s advice.   - Dr. Nilesh Shah, President and Chief of Science & Innovation, Metropolis Healthcare ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12551/healthcare-technology-markets-5-predictions-for-2019.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12551/healthcare-technology-markets-5-predictions-for-2019.html Mon, 21 Jan 2019 16:20:00 +0530 The technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Data Science have already set the stage of healthcare technology evolution. While new innovations and medical interventions like advanced cancer therapy, gene therapy, and artificial pancreas have changed the course of treatments, technological advancements like telemedicine, digital health, and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is taking healthcare altogether to a new level. The global healthcare industry is moving ahead with a growth rate of 4.82% as per researchandmarkets, whereas Statista has forecasted market size of telemedicine to reach USD 41.2 billion by 2021. With smartphones crossing global count of 2.5 billion, the mobile health industry has neared USD 33.6 billion in 2018. All these statistics point into one direction that 2019 is going to be a decisive year for healthcare tech evolution and market growth. The growth of AI Adoption in Healthcare and Telemedicine AI is already fulfilling the appetite of healthcare needs. The utilization of AI-based medical techs and Machine Learning algorithms will solve the remaining complexities of clinical care in 2019. The inclusion of AI in healthcare reported sluggish growth in the past few years, but with liquidity infusion from both public and private sector across economies, the growth rate of AI adoption will pick momentum. The consumer-driven healthcare industry will shift towards telemedicine sector facilitating patients with easy, hassle-free, and comfortable solutions. Medical experts will leverage the benefits of E-clinics, mobile health systems, EHRs (Electronic Health Records) and self-diagnosis techs to develop precision medicine. With the dual advancements on fronts of genome analysis and health tech growth, precision medicine will make treatments more effective and reliable. Big Data Science, Big Tech, and Big Market Structure Although, investment into IT infra for Big data deployment may be critical yet the prospects of potential ROIs will compel market players to invest high in this segment. Tech giants will also be entering the domain harness the power of big data for healthcare facilitation to a larger population. Statista has speculated, Global healthcare big data market to reach USD 68.8 billion by 2025, and the year 2019 will be the foundation year of this market segment. The amalgamation of AI and big data will become elixir for digital healthcare and telemedicine and will help in the rising of rural health infrastructure across the world. Incorporation of value-based healthcare models that leverage big data at a larger scale and small data at hospital level will result in creating a healthier global scenario. The collected data will be analyzed by Global Drug and Device OEMs to develop the healthcare models further, and Asia-Pacific will rise as a strong market for the new age health tech. Digital Health Startups and Enterprise Market will grow More Competitive The digital transformation that includes E-medicine, advanced Diagnostic tools, Robotic Assistance, and Automation will spread wings to remote areas to provide quality healthcare. Digital health startups and established enterprises have played a crucial role in bringing this positive transformation. Following the trend, global tech giants have also entered the digital health segment leading to greater competitiveness and better service-delivery for healthcare consumers. While a major part of digital health investment will be focused on global outreach and cybersecurity during 2019, the digital health sector will reach USD 206 billion by 2020. The current year will require SMEs to come with better innovations to sustain through the whirlwinds and storms in industry. Blockchains will Gain Grounds and EHRs will Spread The deployment of blockchains to manage medical records and patient histories will increase in 2019. Until now, the practical model of healthcare blockchain wasn’t witnessed on a large scale, but with global leaders working on such dedicated projects, healthcare focused blockchain applications will benefit the initial ROIs across healthcare enterprises in coming times. There will also be a significant rise in the number of participants to reach critical mass and model the future of EHRs with help of cloud technology. The blockchain based and cloud-based EHRs will enhance remote patient monitoring efficiency, resolve overall infrastructure issues and will balance doctor-population disparity across the world. Health Insurance Models will take a New Form Particularly, in the healthcare sector, digital and data-driven services will become a priority in building interactive health policies. The growing need to meet the changing requirements of consumers will compel health insurance companies to remodel their policies and frameworks in 2019. While developing economies like India have brought national health insurance policies under ‘Ayushman Bharat’ for greater public outreach, the private sector’s efforts will also result in managing the medical expenses of people over the period of time ensuring better healthcare. However, evidence-based reimbursement in the healthcare would be the widespread attention in Health Insurance Models. Researchers, scientists, individuals and organizations from across the world are working laboriously to prevent Communicable Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases, to facilitate universal healthcare access to every human, and to address the rising health concerns around the world. With the prospects of new healthcare tech ruling the market and benefitting the larger population, the globe has set its eyes on the rise of quality advance healthcare tech. Let’s see if 2019 marks a new era in the healthcare evolution with these predictions.   Ashutosh Tiwari, Chairman and Managing Director, VBRI - Vinoba Bhave Research Institute ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12514/parents-above-60-heres-how-to-choose-health-insurance-for-them.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12514/parents-above-60-heres-how-to-choose-health-insurance-for-them.html Wed, 16 Jan 2019 20:40:00 +0530 The costs are getting even higher in case of senior citizens. Growing age brings many health issues, and if the person is diagnosed with any major illness, the costs of treatment shoot out of the roof. This is where health insurance comes into the picture. Why Is Health Insurance for Parents A Must? Life expectancy has improved over the past few years, which means people now live till the age of 70 or more. While the life expectancy has improved, so have the number of diseases. Therefore, one needs to be financially prepared for medical emergencies that come with advanced age. Senior citizens most often do not have a stable income source, particularly, if they are retired. Thus, they need a helping hand to cover their medical costs. Even if your parents do have an insurance policy which was provided by their employer, it will lapse as soon as they retire. Inflation in medical costs is escalating, and thus, it will be impossible for most senior citizens to pay their medical bills in future All these reasons indicate why purchasing health insurance for parents is crucial. While many people make it an inevitable duty to purchase this insurance for their parents, others disregard it owing to certain myths and misconceptions. Below, we have tried to shatter some of the common myths related to health policy for senior citizens. Take a look! Pre-Existing Medical Conditions Many times, people tend to think that as their parents already have health issues, health insurance will not be available. However, there are a ton of options available in the market which covers different pre-existing conditions. So, it is all a matter of research before finalizing the plan that suits your parents or family. Parents are Old to be Covered Under a Policy Similar to the point mentioned above, here too you have to put in some efforts. You will have to find a health policy that will cover your parent’s age. There are, in fact, a lot of policies in the market that are designed mainly for super senior citizens, i.e. the people above 80 years of age. Reimbursement Will be a Hassle Claiming compensation from an insurance company does require some effort, but it is not a complete hassle. Small efforts are needed for the reimbursement process, either, it is the cashless mode or the cash mode. You merely have to submit the hospital reports and the relevant medical bills in order to claim the sum insured, and you will get your claim in a specified period. Things to Look for In Health Insurance for Senior Citizens   Age Limit You must always choose an insurance policy that provides cover for people over the age of 60 and allows entry up to the age of 80. The plan should also offer guaranteed renewal option after that. This is essential because you would want to cover your parents for as long as it is possible. Hence, when picking a plan for your folks, check till what age the policy can be renewed. Critical Illness Cover Before selecting an insurance policy, always check its terms and conditions thoroughly. A lot of clauses exist, which exclude certain pre-existing conditions or ailments. You just need to ensure that the exclusion list is the smallest possible. Pre-Existing Illness Critical Illnesses like cancer, stroke and renal failure are not only hard to handle emotionally but financially too. So, you must always look for a plan that offers you critical illness top-up with your basic health policy. These top-ups come at a small price, but payback is a hefty sum. Waiting Period Every health insurance policy comes with an initial waiting period. Generally, the initial waiting period is for the first 30 days since the date of policy issuance, except in the case of hospitalisation or accidental injuries. If there is a pre-existing disease, many insurers have a 2-4 year waiting period. Co-payment Health insurance for senior-citizens may come with a co-payment clause, where the policyholder pays a fixed percentage of the medical expenses out of their pocket. For instance, in the case of an 80:20 co-payment clause, the policyholder will bear the cost of 20% of the medical expenses. So, if the co-payment percentage is higher, the annual premium paid will be lower as the risk borne by the insurer is less. Summing Up Purchasing health insurance is essential, and even more necessary when it is for your parents. By buying a good health policy for them, you can ensure that they will get the care they require, without worrying about the increasing treatment costs. So, hurry up and start looking for the best health insurance policies in India for senior citizens. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12509/the-importance-of-premarital-health-checkup.html https://biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12509/the-importance-of-premarital-health-checkup.html Wed, 16 Jan 2019 14:35:00 +0530 The preparations for a couple’s wedding day involve the attire, gifts, decorations, invitations, venue, looks, photographs, honeymoon and much more. In Indian weddings especially, a lotof money is spent on the functions that last for 3-4 days. A huge importance is given to the things that please others. Moreover, it’s a period of immense excitement and yearning for the couple. Finding the love of one’s life and committing a lifetime to that individual brings a lot of emotional upheavals. The bride and groom spend a considerable amount and time on selecting their dress, décor and F&B menu for all the ceremonies, getting their pre-wedding photoshoot done, and deciding the honeymoon locale. However, there is one important thing that's always ignored: a premarital health checkup of the couple. The wedding may last for few days, but a marriage lasts forever. A premarital checkup helps the couple identify any conditions such as genetic, transmissible and infectious diseases. A marriage is the biggest event in the lives of a couple, hence they should make sure they take care of their health too along with other factors. A good premarital testing program informs couples and provides unbiased health evidence. Family history, genetics, age, diet and addictions, all contribute to creating a map for the future.For couples considering marriage, pre-marital screening helps detectdormantillnesses and risks for their progeny. It also aids them to understand their heredities and take essential precautions or treatments. Getting a health checkup done instead of matching horoscopes to fix a marriage should be the new culture considering the health-stats of the country. A premarital checkup helpscouple in taking care of each other, and their combined family. Although, everyone should undergo a preventive health checkup once every year, a premarital checkup can be doneabout six months before the wedding. What should the couple get checked for? Sexually transmitted diseases: HIV, hepatitis B and C are lifelong conditions that, if not managed properly can gravely affect married life. Syphilis, Gonorrhea and Herpes should also be tested for. Inherited diseases: Blood borne diseases like Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Marfan syndrome, Huntington’s disease and sickle cell have high chances of being passed on to the progeny, hence they should be tested for. Fertility: This is important because fertility issues can be addressed as early as possible without the unnecessary biological, psychological, social and emotional trauma associated with barrenness. Amol Naikawadi, Preventive Healthcare Specialist, Indus Health Plus ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12414/your-checklist-for-buying-a-comprehensive-cancer-insurance-plan.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12414/your-checklist-for-buying-a-comprehensive-cancer-insurance-plan.html Fri, 04 Jan 2019 12:50:00 +0530 Cancer is a dreaded disease and a primary cause of untimely deaths around the world. In India alone, the total number of cancer cases is estimated to reach 1.1 million by the year 2020. Even though cancer is treatable, the news of diagnosis can leave people in mental turmoil. It not only deteriorates the physical health but also affects the financial well-being. Moreover, cancer treatment is expensive, and costs are skyrocketing every passing year. In such a scenario buying a cancer insurance policy is the best bet. It will safeguard financially and pay for the treatment in case of a cancer diagnosis. So, Why Buy A Cancer Insurance Policy? Buying health insurance is a good thing to do; however, seldom do these plans cater to expenses for cancer. Most health insurance plans don’t pay for terminal illnesses like cancer. Furthermore, the cost of cancer treatment can range from anywhere to Rs. 5 lakh to Rs. 10 lakhs depending on the stage of diagnosis. Not only this, people who are diagnosed with cancer cannot continue with their job, resulting in the loss of regular income. In such a condition, a cancer insurance policy can take care of the expenses incurred during treatment. Here is a checklist to follow when buying a comprehensive cancer insurance plan: Opt for a Higher Sum Assured (Cover Amount) Why should you opt for a higher cover? As mentioned earlier, the average cost of cancer treatment is rising, and the inflation rate is skyrocketing in the healthcare sector. The average cost can get much higher depending on the stage of cancer. Each cycle of chemotherapy can be anywhere between Rs. 70,000-80,000. So, when purchasing a cancer insurance plan, it is necessary to consider a higher sum assured. If in case sum assured is unable to meet the cost of treatment, the insurance plan will merely be a superficial form of financial backup. If it’s not covering the entire treatment costs, it will leave a deficit. Coverage for All Stages of Cancer The cancer insurance plan you are buying must cover all stages of cancer, i.e. minor and major. Make sure to buy a cancer insurance plan that offers a stage-based payout for treatment cost and other expenses associated at different stages. At least 25% of sum insured must be offered on early-stage cancer diagnosis, while 100% should be offered at major stage. Longer Duration of Cover There’s no age for cancer, and it can strike anytime in one’s life. So, the longer the duration of the cover, the better it is for financial security. Only a select few insurers such as Future Generali offer cancer cover for up to 80 years of age. Premium Waiver Upon Diagnosis After cancer diagnosis, people undergo intense medical treatment that hits their professional life. Eventually, people lose their regular source of income which affects their basic household expenses. In such a situation, the person cannot pay premium for their policy. So, it is essential to choose a cancer insurance plan that accounts for such a situation. Premium waiver is one of the essential features you should look for when buying a cancer plan. This feature will keep the cancer plan active and waive off the premium for a few years, typically three. Income Benefit Income benefit in the cancer insurance plan offers the policyholder or nominee a fixed monthly income, which typically ranges from 1-2% of the sum assured. It is payable for up to 5 years, depending on the insurer. It is a must-have feature in the cancer insurance plan as it protects the family against the loss of income. Tax Benefits Make sure to buy a cancer insurance plan that provides tax benefits under section 80D. The premium paid on the policy is exempted from tax up to Rs 25,000 (for individuals below 60) and up to Rs. 50,000 (for individuals above 60).   Conclusion In case if you are the only earning member in your family – buying a cancer insurance plan is a must – especially if there’s a family history of cancer. Having a backup with adequate cancer insurance can not only cover your treatment cost but also protect your savings. However, since there are ample insurers in the country with ‘n’ number of plans – it becomes difficult to select the right plan. So, take into consideration the points mentioned above to ensure you get the best cancer insurance plan. Reputable insurers today offer comprehensive cancer insurance plans with all the benefits mentioned above. They offer high sum assured, cover for up to 80 years of age, premium waiver upon diagnosis, income and tax benefits. So, research thoroughly to make an informed decision.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12378/latest-developments-in-stem-cell-technology.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12378/latest-developments-in-stem-cell-technology.html Mon, 31 Dec 2018 13:20:00 +0530 The life sciences segment for clinical applications has witnessed some developments in the past few years with the emergence of human stem cell research. Stem cells are forerunners of various cells present in the body which are unspecialized, undifferentiated cells, capable of multiplying on their own. An immature stem cell, which is also its simplest form, can transform itself into any possible mature cell. Depending upon its source, stem cells can be categorized into three different categories viz. embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and cord blood stem cells. The use of stem cells in animals and humans for clinical research is an emerging science. The use of ex-vivo expanded stem cells has been identified as the new use of drugs as per U.S.FDA i.e. investigational new drugs. The Government of India has started promoting Stem Cell Research in the country through its various science agencies. The key areas for research have now been identified throughdiscussions on basic and applied researches for various diseases. Various programs have also been conducted supporting embryonic and adult stem cells. Some of the major programs include establishments of hESC lines, use of limbal stem cells to repair corneal surface disorder caused by limbal stem cell deficiency; isolation, purification and characterization of haematopoitic, mesenchymal and liver stem cells; differentiation of stem cells into neural, cardiac and cell lineages, etc. In addition to the effort undertaken by the government, some industry research organizations are also involved in SCR like Reliance Life Science in Mumbai, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune etc. There are some technologies which are frequently used in stem cell research and they are stem cell culture, separation and identification techniques. At present, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) are the most popularly used stem cell separation methods. Further to that, FACS is the most common one amongst the two. This was the method used by researchers to obtain the cancer stem cells from breast cancer, brain gliomas, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. Apartfrom stem cell separation method, cell labeling technique has also been useful in stem cell research. By labeling specific gene, functions of the stem cell could be detected and identified.Lastly, with the advances in microscopy, confocal microscopy techniques have been developed and used to observe the stem cells and their surroundings. Furthering stem cell research, some researchers introduced the concept of molecular imaging at the Harvard University in the year 1999. This technology has been widely applied to variousaspects of life sciences ever since, through 10 years of development. Researching noninvasively, in vivo cellular and molecular processes sensitively and specifically is the aim ofmolecular imaging. Processes like monitoring multiple events, cell trafficking and targeting would be noninvasive. The optical molecular area has witnessed some new algorithms in the recent years such as multilevel adaptive finite element method, Bayesian approach and graph cuts. New molecular imaging systems have been developed with advancements in hardwareand machine technique like spectrum CT of Cold Spring Biotech Corporation with three-dimensional imaging function. Additionally, in order to capture the signals derived from F-FDGprobe Cerenkov Luminescence imaging (CLI) using Cerenkov theory has been developed. Compared to the traditional imaging method, all these imaging technologies have shown their advantage in tumor mechanism and antitumor evaluation research and have been applied in the stem cell research. Typically culture methods include reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency by serial passage under adherent culture conditions on feeder cells or on extra cellular matrix compound.These approaches may lead to contamination of the stem cells by pathogens and they require separation of feeder cells which increases costs and are prone to differentiated variability. Inorder to obtain stem cells for wider application prospects in disease mechanism, many new isolation and culture technologies have been developed which include suspension technology and inhibitor differentiation method. Suspension Technology: Induced Pluripotent stem cells are becoming more and more popular because of their therapeutic advantages in enabling the generation of high-quality diseasemodels, derivation of individual specific iPSC lines, improving the predictability of drug action, and as a source of cells for regenerative medicine. Zandstra’s group developed a way to obtain induced pluripotent stem cells in continuous adherence and matrix free suspension culture system, which has the potential to accelerate and standardize iPSCs research. The gene expression analysis showed high correlation between the two processes including reprogramming in suspension culture and that in routine adherent culture with regards tohallmark reprogramming genes. Inhibitor Differentiation Method: Mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of adult stem cells, mainly derived from bone marrow stromal cells. Because of their ability to differentiate into awide range of mesenchymal-lineage tissues, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are under intense investigation for applications in cardiac, renal, neural, joint, and bone repair, aswell as in inflammatory conditions and hemopoietic cotransplantation. MSCs are typically harvested from adult bone marrow or fat, however, these methods not only require painful invasive procedures, but are also low-frequency sources, with MSCs making up only 0.001% of bone marrow cells and 0.05% in fat tissues. Over and above the two new methods developed recently, many researchers have done a lot of work on the isolation and culture technology of stem cells in order to apply it in the treatment of disease more extensively. Fan’s group observed that the embryonic stem cells possessed a relatively loose, open chromatin structure, and the differentiated cells possessed a tight chromatin structure. This research demonstrated for the first time that the state of chromatin compaction was not only the result of cell differentiation, but also the cell differentiation needed. Fischbach’s group showed that adipose-derived stem cell could trigger the tumor growth. Yamanaka’s group had induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult human fibroblasts using defined factors. All these studies have promoted the stem cells’ application in the treatment of disease including tumor and regenerative medicine. Therefore, it can be concluded that a thorough basic research on all types of stem cells i.e. embryonic, adult and tissue is essential to explore the possibilities of clinical applications using stem cells. National and private agencies are proactively supporting and promoting this area. Nevertheless, there are some challenges in the current stem cell research such as non-availability of human resources of adequate expertise.The regularity mechanism is still evolving and the inter disciplinary structure is yet to be created. Having said that, there is an enhanced awareness among the scientists and clinicians in the country about SCR and the process has gained momentum. - Mr. Vipul Jain, C.E.O, Advancells ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12370/myths-about-stem-cells-treatments.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12370/myths-about-stem-cells-treatments.html Fri, 28 Dec 2018 17:25:00 +0530 Over the past two decades, advances in stem cells have garnered support from scientists across the medical community, and has become the most confabulated discovery. May it be the ethical issues related to the embryonic stem cells or the success rates of therapeutic applications of adult stem cells! Despite much of the controversy, the research has gained tremendous momentum and eluded many recent advances in treating a variety of diseases; although the principal behind it had been rooted way back in the ancient science of regenerating lost tissues. Although the behavior and mechanism of stem cells are globally under the intense scrutiny, people are no longer fantasized about the remarkable potential of stem cells and their therapeutic applications. However, there are still many unknowns that need to be understood. The current article can be referred as the quick fact sheet to understand the technology in better aspects. Stem cells are, essentially, the youngest cells of the body occurring as early as eight celled stage of human development. These are the body’s building blocks capable of generating an entire human being in vitro. These stem cells in each phase of their development from embryo to the adults lose their potency or ability to differentiate. The researchers and technology have identified many ways to isolate them from their sources, enrich the poor population in the laboratory and turn them into the desired cells to be needed by exposing them to a variety of chemicals mimicking different conditions of the body. However, speculations over the implications of stem cells and their applications is likely to be wide of the mark. Many of the private practitioners are claiming to attain a complete miracle after stem cell treatment. It is very important to understand the difference between the possibility, feasibility and efficacy. As it is obvious and equally inevitable in any rapidly growing field, there are many misconceptions about the nature and uses of stem cells, like these cells are immortal and hence unlimited supply of them is available for therapeutic applications. However the fact is that their lifespan is telomerase dependent and they are not actually immortal additionally their occurrence is very rare, almost 1 in 10,000 and hence enrichment of pure population is required. Secondly, there is a strong inclinationtowards stem cell banking, as they are known to be the easiest option available, however these stem cells are present in all mature organs and can be withdrawn from any point of time. Further to this, when these cells are banked how safely they can be stored and how their originality is retained is still questionable. Currently Bone Marrow and Adipose tissues are known to be the most accessible, potent and approved sources available, which can be easily exploited for treating variety ofdiseases. Lastly, there is a strong belief that embryonic stem cells is the most potent version of stem cells, however it has sparked considerable ethical and moral debate, these cells have also known to be having tumerigenic properties as the science has not been able to still find out a solution for controlling their unlimited divisions. On the contrary, adult stem cells are much specific and the most stalked for treatment purpose. As of now thus autologous stem cells are ideally suited candidates with minimum risk of immune rejection, less expenses and without any ethical or legal hassles. Again replacing the technological processes perfected by nature is the difficult task and hence in order to incorporate new technology into an effective therapy it should either be more effective or as effective as the conventional mode. In this regard, autologous stem cells treatment definitely hold a great medical promise with the added advantage in terms of being simpler, more predictable, long lasting, time and cost effective option available so far. - By Vipul Jain, CEO, Advancells ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12356/e-clinics-facilitating-all-in-one-healthcare-delivery-with-technological-evolution.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/12356/e-clinics-facilitating-all-in-one-healthcare-delivery-with-technological-evolution.html Thu, 27 Dec 2018 11:45:00 +0530 Health is wealth – this proverb has been a major stronghold in thorough development of civilization and society. Today, healthcare has become the epicenter of growth models of economies across the world. As per Statista, the global expenditure on medicine has already crossed USD 1.14 Trillion in 2017. The continuous innovations and inventions in the field of medicine have facilitated the progress and last decade has seen the emergence of E-Clinics and E-Health. The development of E-Clinics is encompassing the entire healthcare process with the help of continually developing technologies. Transforming healthcare in remote areas with ICT Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become the backbone of the health-tech evolution of present era. ICT equipped Mobile Healthcare Delivery is the latest stage of healthcare evolution across the world. IBEF has speculated that the Indian hospital industry will reach USD 132.84 Billion by 2022 and E-clinics will take a greater share in the future expansion. The day-to-day operations of medical practice and doctor consultation have reached the farthest corners of geographies through the concept of E-clinics. People from distant rural areas to tier-II and tier-III cities have gained access to specialist doctors in metro cities. With an increase in internet access and greater network coverage, telecommunication between doctors and patients through E-clinics have not just facilitated quality healthcare but have also led to cost reduction in healthcare expenses. The concept of telemedicine through E-clinics is making lives healthier across the country. Apart from the ambitious government project of ‘Ayushman Bharat’, a lot of private players have also entered the healthcare industry, availing teleconsultations for patients in the comfort of their residing areas.     Regular primary checkups and post surgery follow-ups Whether it is Regular Medical checkup for identification of CDs and NCDs in primary stage or Post surgery follow-ups for a complete cure, E-clinics have turned as one of the most beneficial medical innovation in the last decade. Both communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be monitored and treated from E-clinics through advanced medical diagnosis equipment. In a scenario, where people are devoid of quality healthcare infrastructure, E-clinics are taking telemedicine, teleconsultation, e-prescribing, mHealth, and healthcare informatics under purview to deliver quality medical facilities to patients living in remote areas. Today, regular health checkups at E-clinics can help in early diagnosis and timely treatment of various ailments. In fact, the patients undergoing surgical treatments are also relying on E-clinics for post-operative care and saving themselves from travel burdens. Recording health vitals on EHRs for precision medicine E-clinics and mobile health units have become the most efficient tools in recording health vitals on EHRs for precision medicine.The medical history of patients recorded on Electronic health records (EHRs) will help doctors in analyzing the diseases and prescribing treatment with greater accuracy. E-clinics have also strengthened with various technological tools viz. clinical decision support, patient engagement tools, computerized provider order entry, laboratory and medical imaging information systems, health information exchanges, and advanced medical diagnosis devices. Effective, preventive, safe and easily accessible healthcare from specialist doctors Direct interaction between doctor and patient through E-clinics not just ensures privacy but also avoids risks of infections. The expert advice from best doctors or multi-specialty hospitals in metros can reach patients in remote areas through telemedicine facility at E-clinics. This can be a real life-saver for people looking for quality healthcare services. The processes have been proven successful in helping patients in a safe and secure environment. Efficient treatment and patient satisfaction have notably increased in the past few years with an increase in E-clinic services across the world. Another advantage of E-clinics is the safety of patients and doctors from communicable infections, which are common at community health centers and large hospitals because of large crowds. Future of E-Clinics with technological evolution While E-Clinics have started changing the healthcare industry since its emergence, there is still scope of development in the healthcare field. The continually churning wheels of tech innovations are driving healthcare advancements also. The new concepts of cybermedicine and innovations of self-monitoring healthcare devices and wearable healthcare devices will bring a new dawn in the healthcare domain. Economies are also working on a public-private partnership to increase health education and patient education for self-diagnosis. Inspired by their motto, “Committed to Excellence”, VBRI is dedicated to providing an integrated intelligent healthcare delivery system to serve the common people of India by offering them an accurate and cost-effective treatment procedure at their home. The evolution of health IT tools and other medical breakthroughs will further facilitate quality treatment through E-clinics. E-clinics are surely going to be at the forefront of future healthcare, helping humanity to lead quality lives. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/11621/combating-medical-fraud-in-india.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/11621/combating-medical-fraud-in-india.html Wed, 05 Sep 2018 11:50:00 +0530 The health sector is perhaps one of the most essential to exist within an economy, attracting some of the finest talent that a nation has to offer. The prospect of saving lives and making a difference is attractive to those with an inclination to serve society, and a desire to prevent human suffering, aside from the innumerable monetary incentives. It is for this reason that medicine is known as ‘the most noble of all professions’ and doctors and nurses are among the most respected and trusted members of the community. Unfortunately, like any other human endeavour, the medical profession has had more than its fair sure of serious issues in India. Medical fraud differs from other kinds of white-collar crime in that it can cause irreparable physical harm to the victim, as opposed to mere financial losses. Due to tax regulations and a lack of stringent application of even those, many unqualified people lie about their credentials, in an attempt to dupe innocent patients. Because these quacks often lack basic medical training, their actions usually have disastrous, sometimes fatal, results. The recent instance in Uttar Pradesh where 21 people were infected with HIV from contaminated syringes by a quack doctor, is a story that only has only become too common due to the sheer scope for fraud in the Indian medical sector. According to a World Health Organization report on the state of healthcare in India among allopathic doctors, as many as 31.4% of the claimed doctors were discovered to have been educated only up to a secondary level. In fact, an astounding 57.3% did not possess any medical degree whatsoever. The statistics among dentists were even more damning, with 46.2% of all urban and just 27.4 of all rural dentists having the minimum legal qualifications to practice their profession. These numbers alone are indicative that a significant portion of medical practitioners in India are committing fraud in broad daylight, risking people’s personal safety and severely impacting the integrity of this noble profession. To weed out quacks, frauds, and unscrupulous doctors, it is necessary to take effective counter measures, especially given the fact that millions of lives at risk. The best solution to this problem is to deploy vast on-field strength and technological capabilities to create a data repository of verified doctors. This can be achieved by Visiting each doctor on the ground to register their biometric details along with copies of their medical degrees. Authenticating these degrees and certificates at source, which means cross verified with the college/university along with the doctors’ residency details. Genuine doctors’ data be then uploaded to the repository creating a master list of medical professionals in a variety of fields and specialisations. Data of fake doctors also be uploaded so patients can be fairly warned Government store this repository on online & offline public domains, freely available tothe public. This database will ensure that patients’ trust is backed up by thorough validation of the doctors' qualifications and secure credentials. This can only be achieved by – This system, which should be made accessible to the general public, would allow a patient or an organisation to easily choose from a database of verified doctors anywhere in the country, improving security and consumer confidence substantially. With effective risk management adoption at national level, instances of fraud will significantly reduce. Such a system would also serve as a strong deterrent for any person contemplating a career as a fake doctor. It will go a long way in rebuilding people’s trust in regulatory institutions which have failed to protect us so far. Creating such a repository will take tremendous will and professional engagement, but as a nation we have all the necessary expertise and resources to achieve this ideal. -Mr. Hitesh Asrani, Founder & Director, CRP Risk Management ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9792/cancer-outlook-in-india-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9792/cancer-outlook-in-india-.html Fri, 10 Nov 2017 14:00:00 +0530 By the year 2020 India would be the single largest country with maximal population of young people (< 40 years age) in the world. This not only indicates a higher birth rate but also indicates the fact that proportion of elderly population would be significantly lesser than the young. It also connotes that mortality is increasing at above 40 years of age. Only 11% of the Indian population will belong to the age bracket of 60 years and above. Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in age over 50 years. Based upon medical statistics, it becomes more difficult to obtain desirable response to cancer treatment in the elderly, be it medical or surgical intervention. Although there is bit of a statistical catch here as well; as per the report published in the NCCP, 12-23% of all cancers are diagnosed after the age of 65; which also means that around 80% cancers inflict younger people, that is at less than 65 years of age. Every cancer is genetic, meaning genetic abnormalities or variations form the basis of each and every cancer. Normally, certain genes protect the body from cancer by controlling how cells grow and react to the body's signals. When DNA changes accumulate in several of a cell's genes, the cell stops listening to the body. It then reproduces itself uncontrollably, growing into — what we call — a cancer. Such genetic changes are often broadly categorised as ‘Driver mutations’. But it is also well established now that not every individual with a genetic variant will develop the cancer. This brings us to the fact that there are epigenetic and other factors which also have significant roles to play in the evolution of cancer. Known risk factors like Tobacco, alcoholism, obesity, viral infections (like Epstein Barr Virus) and certain environmental toxins are some examples of such factors which lead to cancerous changes. Cancer Screenings Save Lives - Doctors have studied patterns of cancer in the population to learn which people are more likely to get certain types of cancer. They've also studied what things around us and what things we do in our lives may cause cancer. Such data helps doctors decide: Who should have screenings for certain types of cancer. What types of screening tests people should have. How often people should have these tests.   If your doctor suggests certain cancer screening tests as part of your health care plan, this doesn't mean he or she thinks you have cancer. However, detecting a possible predisposition to cancer can help in either preventing the disease completely or diagnosing and treating the disease much early so as to ensure a long and healthy life. With modern genetic tests it is possible to analyse if an individual harbours genetic mutations that are potentially carcinogenic. More importantly, specific mutations indicate, how well or how poorly a cancer patient is going to respond to treatment. Such prognostic guides are invaluable to the treating Oncologists in deciding treatment protocols and in counselling patients suffering from Cancer. A very common example of the aforementioned is monitoring the mutations in BRCA gene which indicates increased risk of developing cancers in breast and ovaries. Once a pathogenic or cancer causing genetic mutation is detected, several other screening and preventive measures can be instituted – from radiological screens like mammography to obliterative surgeries like preventive mastectomy. Yes the statistics are harsh, but an undeniable fact that one out of eight of us will be diagnosed with cancer in our lifetime; even starkly one out of ten will possibly die of it. India is likely to have over 17.3 lakh new cases of cancer and over 8.8 lakh deaths due to the disease by 2020 with cancers of breast, lung and cervix topping the list. In its projection, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) said in 2017 the total number of new cancer cases is expected to be around 15 lakh and the figure is likely to reach nearly 20 lakh new cases in 2020. Over 7 lakh people are expected to succumb to the disease in 2017 while the figure is estimated to shoot up to 8.8 lakh by 2020. Among females, breast cancer topped the list followed by cervical cancer; while among males mouth (oral) cancer followed by Lung cancer are most common as per Indian population statistics. The northeast reported the highest number of cancer cases in both males and females. Aizawl district in Mizoram reported the highest number of cases among males while Papumpare district in Arunachal Pradesh recorded the highest number among females. This is predominantly accountable to the high consumption of raw tobacco in these provinces. The national cancer registry data also reveals that cancer of breast is the number one cancer overall. Cancer of the lung is the next. While Cancer of the cervix is the third most common. Several cancer hospitals and independent doctors contribute towards maintaining records and statistics of cancers across the country. Cancers of the lung, colon, breast, cervix, head and neck region and those of the blood or bone marrow are one of the commonest. What could be the link between cancerous growth and ageing? Is it that the code of cell renewal which is a natural process, gets damaged or altered as we age, thus manifesting as uncontrolled cell proliferation – cancer. Data shows that men over 60 years have a 15 times greater risk while women have 8 times greater risk of developing cancers than persons of less than 60 years age. Immune senescence, a medical term used to define decreasing efficiency of the immune function could be the cause of increased risk of cancer in elderly. There is medical evidence to prove that a well-functioning immune system protects against cancerous growth of cells. Our immune system is programmed to recognize abnormal cellular proliferation and automatically destroys these abnormal, damaged cells, keeping chances of cancerous cells’ growth to minimal. Unhealthy lifestyle also poses a risk factor for cancer especially in old age. The amount of physical activity of an individual starts decreasing with age, people tend to get more lethargic, and also losing weight becomes an uphill task, thanks to the decrease in basic metabolic rate. Hence obesity combined with lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcoholism, lack of exercise, and poor eating, all expose an individual to high risk of cancer, possibly correlatable to accumulation of free radicals and oxidant products which have direct DNA damaging impact. Newer research is also unearthing the links between subtle lifestyle and dietary factors like lack of sleep, stress and low roughage diets also have causative links with various cancers. The brighter side of the story is that molecular and genetic diagnostics and targeted cancer therapy have ushered a new era in the medical management of cancer. On the one hand advanced genetic tests have made it possible to not just detect cancer at very early stages but also to track the evolution and response of cancer to specific treatments. The age old practices of cytotoxic chemotherapy with its horrendous complications are reaching their sunset point with the evolution of molecular targeted therapy. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) one of the commonest cancers of the bone marrow and blood occurring in the elderly, barely kills any of its victims, thanks to the discovery of Imatinib – a drug which can specifically target the molecule on surface of the cancer cells and prevents them from proliferating. A slew of similar molecular target drugs are flooding the arena of cancer treatment, showing hitherto unforeseen results in treatments of cancers of Lung, colon and Leukemias. Genetic testing throws new light on possibilities of cancer treatment. Subcellular molecular mechanisms are the basis behind change of normal cells into cancerous Pharmaceutical research in cancer treatment projects the launch of over 100 new drugs which hold tremendous potential in targeting and destroying cancer cells at a sub-cellular level. One of the foremost in this list are the ‘Immuno-oncology drugs’ which act by increasing the ability of the body’s own immune system to help detect and destroy tumor cells. Such drugs when added to existing targeted therapy is shown to enhance patient survival almost miraculously, especially in extremely fatal Lung cancers. Another successful modality of treating cancers of the blood and bone marrow is through transplantation of ‘Stem cells’ derived from a genetically matched donor or from naïve stem cells preserved from the umbilical cord. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become a ray of hope for children suffering from leukemia. Enhancement of medical expertise in management of post-transplant complications ensure disease free survival of such patients. The combination of advancements in molecular diagnostics clubbed with discoveries of target molecules which can selectively impact cancer cells will make the onerous route of cancer treatment much easier and successful in future. Also the government should increase sensitivity towards cancer care by enhancement of healthcare GDP for cancer treatment, diagnosis and research, thus adding another ray of hope for the entire fraternity that is striving tirelessly to battle Cancer. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9758/the-new-age-reproductive-genetic-techniques-to-drastically-increase-ivf-success-rate.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9758/the-new-age-reproductive-genetic-techniques-to-drastically-increase-ivf-success-rate.html Wed, 01 Nov 2017 15:45:00 +0530 The rapid advancements in science have revolutionized the world at large. These advancements have provided a ray of hope to human beings in the form of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is most common form of ART. IVF has turned up to be a blessing for those who have been deprived of the offspring. This artificial or assisted technique of bestowing parenthood has brought a smile on millions of   faces. The couples who fail to conceive naturally opt for this assistive reproductive technique. More than that the biggest advantages of undergoing an IVF treatment is to have a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby! But in India, this is still a big matter of delicacy and awkwardness. It still contributes in giving serious psychological, emotional and social torment to the family, irrespective of the family’s economic, educational or religious upbringing. It is a matter of great concern, worry and distress to witness increasing incidences of infertility cases. The much of it owes to the changing and uncertain lifestyles and the effects it brings upon the physiological and psychological health of people. The big news is that the advancements in medical science has not only provided much success in the infertility treatment but has also provided impressive increase in IVF success rates over the years. But a sad reality attached with it is that the actual beneficiaries of such treatment are only a very small percentage of the needy owing to issues of awareness, affordability, access and assurance. Some of the major problems faced by IVF industry in India are as follows: Financial aspect: The financial aspect cannot be ruled out when it comes to India. Inequitable distribution of access to care needs to be addressed properly. The fact is undeniable that IVF can be availed by the couples who are in a position of financial stability. An IVF cycle is quiet costly and it often requires more than one treatment cycles, which makes it unaffordable to near about 80% of the Indian population.   Social stigma: There is a huge stigma attached to childlessness in Indian society, particularly for the women, and couples often find it difficult to do so as they apprehend family pressures. The couples who can even afford the treatment cost are also unable to get treatment for their infertility due to these family pressures.   Lack of skilled IVF specialists and embryologists in India: There is a great need of specialization, when it comes to IVF. Very few gynaecologists perform IVF procedures and cycles. It is need of the hour to address the skill gap and technical expertise that has been created, to provide high quality results of the infertility treatment towards improving the treatment outcomes and patient safety. No regulation: There is absence of a regulatory framework for quality management of ART centres. Due to this, there is no monitoring of the services that are offered, resulting in poor outcomes.   Lack of awareness: Infertility is still the biggest concern a couple has to face. People who are suffering from infertility are unaware of the IVF processes which can help them in conceiving.     Other ethical issues: In India, people believe that life begins at conception. During IVF, there are some embryos which are unused, frozen, discarded, or used for experimentation; it may amount to killing of a life, which is contrary to both law and ethics.   False claims: To be totally transparent in all its operations, the ART clinics must, therefore, let the patient know what the success rates of the clinic are in regard to the procedures intended to be used on the patient. False claims via hoardings and paper advertisements are a cheap way of attracting a patientthat is vulnerable and, therefore, easily swayed. The new age reproductive genetic techniques would drastically increase IVF success rates. Until now ultrasound was the only way of studying the endometrium but with more than 10 years of rigorous research IGENOMIX, the pioneers in Reproductive Genetics, came up with their patented test called Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA) that studies the endometrium at a molecular level and has increased the rate of success of IVF up to 60%. “With the help of IGENOMIX’s ERA, I have acquired positive results in patients who had a history of implantation failures” says Dr. Uma Maheshwari, Bangalore. Even after a successful implantation there are many cases where the pregnancy ends up in a miscarriage in the first trimester. This mostly occurs due to chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo. Over 50% of spontaneous miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. There are few factors which significantly increase the risk of a chromosomal abnormality causing multiple IVF failures:- Women over 35 years of age Couples who have experienced several spontaneous miscarriages of unknown cause Couples with several cycles of IVF that have not achieved pregnancy Men with low sperm concentration Couples with a previous pregnancy with chromosomal abnormality Pre implantation Genetic Screening (PGS) is highly recommended for these couples. PGS along with MitoScore enables selection of chromosomally normal embryos and also those embryos which have greatest chances of implantation therefore more likely to result in a successful pregnancy through IVF. “We finally have something to offer patients of recurrent implantation failure or recurrent IVF failures to improve pregnancy rates, based on scientific evidence. I cannot imagine working without ERA and PGS today” says Dr Nalini Mahajan, New Delhi. Although there are a lot of challenges which needs to be dealt while promoting ART, one must undergo some special tests to ensure the success. Every life is important and every parent deserves a healthy child! IGENOMIX has so far handled over 12,000 cases of ERA Worldwide. Out of these about 2,500 of them were from India alone. “In general we find approximately 26% of patients as Non-Receptive and therefore suffering from repetitive implantation failure. In patients where result is receptive the rate of implantation is significantly higher, close to 45% and chances of a successful pregnancy are 60% with ERA”says Dr. Rajni Khajuria, IGENOMIX.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9752/evolution-of-drug-delivery-system-for-better-patient-safety.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9752/evolution-of-drug-delivery-system-for-better-patient-safety.html Wed, 01 Nov 2017 11:30:00 +0530 Chronic conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis are on the rise and often require daily self-administration of injectable therapies. While it may be convenient for patients to self-administer medication at home, it can also be quite difficult. Patients need to manage dosage, store medications and supplies and may be at risk for needlestick injuries. Fortunately, drug delivery systems have evolved to incorporate new technology and novel materials to aid in patient compliance and safety. New developments in self-administration technology – such as ergonomically designed, patient-controlled injection systems and wearable injectors – are helping to provide safe, reliable and convenient methods for home-based drug administration. Advances in Self-administration Drug delivery systems have rapidly evolved with new technologies that support home use and can aid in patient compliance, adherence and safety. Two areas of recent innovation, in particular, are helping pharmaceutical companies meet new market demands for self-care at home: patient-controlled delivery systems and wearable injectors. Patient-controlled self-injection systems represent an important advancement in injectable drug administration. Patients with chronic conditions sometimes have dexterity challenges that can make it difficult to reliably self-administer doses of injectable medicines. New, ergonomically designed patient-controlled injectors can help optimize self-care by making it easy for patients to hold the system and administer the dose at the touch of a button. A simple, two-step operation where the patient removes the cap and presses the system against the skin to deliver a subcutaneous injection may be an ideal solution for those with dexterity challenges. Audible, visual and tactile end-of-dose indicators, as well as a passive safety system that covers the needle after injection can also help make the drug delivery process more intuitive. Self-injection systems that enable patients to control the rate of the dose may help to minimize pain compared to spring-based auto-injectors. Patient-activated and controlled systems may also assist with compliance since the systems are not indicative of a syringe injection, which may be less frightening for the patient. Thus compliance may be easier and the therapy adherence could be more successful for those with needle phobias. In addition, patient-activated and controlled systems do not rely on complicated mechanics, which can help to shorten the development time needed to pair the device with a drug. New developments in wearable drug delivery technology are also helping to provide a safe, reliable and effective method for home-based drug administration. Some patients either do not want to inject themselves with medications, or their conditions make it difficult for them to do so. Additionally, for some injectable medicines with higher-volume doses, it can be hard to administer the drug consistently via a prefilled syringe. Furthermore, some drugs – including many new biologics – require large volumes of viscous solutions, making a single-dose option difficult or impossible. Wearable injectors – which typically adhere to a patient’s abdomen – are quickly becoming popular choices for delivering many therapies for chronic conditions. They are convenient and easy to use and can be pre-programmed to deliver high volumes of viscous or sensitive drug products, eliminating the need for patients to measure dosages and helping prevent the risk of needlestick injuries.  Designing with the User Experience in Mind  While patient-controlled self-injections systems and wearable injectors both offer tremendous opportunity for advancing at-home administration, developing these new systems can pose a significant challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturers: how to design a wearable injector that patients not only can use, but also want to use. To meet this challenge the makers of injectable medicines must fully understand and incorporate the needs of end users when bringing a self-injected therapy to market. This requires giving careful thought to how a medication will be administered by patients in order to ensure optimal patient outcomes. As such, the design of an injectable medicine’s delivery system is fast becoming an essential aspect of the manufacturer’s go-to-market strategy for a drug.   ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9174/what-pharma-and-allied-industries-say-on-gst-.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/9174/what-pharma-and-allied-industries-say-on-gst-.html Fri, 30 Jun 2017 11:25:00 +0530 Utkarsh Palnitkar * on GST and SME segment  Established and organised life sciences companies have been studying and understanding the potential impact of GST for some time now, and have over this time invested in technology and infrastructure to be ‘GST-ready’.  However, the SME segment, especially small vendors, distributors/dealers are likely to be inadequately prepared for challenges such as the significant additional cost of compliance; loss of tax credits in case of improper returns filings and payments; the inevitable move towards technology adoption and digitisation of invoices, etc. While efforts have been made by the government and various consultants to educate the relatively smaller players in the industry, a clearer picture will emerge only once they face the situation in the real business environment, starting 1 July 2017.  For consumers, one hopes that the impact on prices of medicines would not be significant, although we may see some disruption on the supply side for a few weeks owing to trimming of stocks by some distributors and retailers during the transition period to GST.  In the long run, consumers are expected to benefit as the new tax regime could lead to increase in operational efficiencies of companies, the benefit of which would be passed on to the final consumer. *Partner and Head, Infrastructure, Government and Healthcare, Life Sciences, KPMG in India --------------------------- Sujay Shetty* on GST and Pharma industry   Pharma companies are busy with implementation. Understandably there have been frustrations with the tight timelines initially they are looking to get the first invoices out and tech systems ready. A lot depends on the vendor ecosystem readiness that will determine cash flow issues. Long term there will efficiencies in supply chain but in short them there are teething problems. Partner and Leader, Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences at PwC India ------------------- K Sivakumar* on GST and Suppliers Industry The new tax regime will contribute significantly towards every sector of economic growth, broad export expansion and without saying ample job opportunities. GST is collaborative approach and much awaited tax reform and it is a one more welcome step to move ahead towards more globalization.  The roll out will yield many positive benefits but Companies will need to make major changes in their process. It is nice to see the border less operation. Looking for more robust supportive infrastructure to enable the organizations to feel more comfort to work on the transition. Also the area of concern is on the continued additional documentation work across the industries; sure the Government will work on this to address and make more tax payer friendly approach on tax filing. We are all stressed out, but sure it is a matter of time and sure, as an organization will overcome the challenge in implementing the process and adopting ourselves towards the new regime.  *VP F&A, Waters India Pvt Ltd.     ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/8755/editors-view-on-branded-vs-generics.html https://biospectrumindia.com/views/81/8755/editors-view-on-branded-vs-generics.html Thu, 04 May 2017 11:35:00 +0530 Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent announcement of forming a legal framework to make doctors prescribe generic medicines, and not branded one, has not only sparked off generic vs branded debate but, it requires a series of steps to reach the benefits of the idea to the needy people. Doctors is merely one joint in a chain that promotes branded medicines, which are costlier than branded medicines. Though nobody denies the need for such a step to provide much necessary relief to the patients in a society where diseases are growing affecting more number of people and the cost of treatment too is ever growing. All studies from organisations like WHO clearly indicate how large number of people are being pushed out of treatment due to poverty or how more and more families are becoming poorer due to treatment expenses. In a country, where health insurance is still not widespread and the government spending is very low on health, people are left to their own destiny on afflicted by sickness. If the government could not increase its spending on health, what at the most it could do is reduce people’s spending on healthcare by using its authority to control the drug prices. That is what government plans to do now. But there are many hindrances in the way which needs to be removed. The first and foremost is doctors’ knowledge of generic names. In case of some very common medicines there won’t be any problem. But for many other medicines, doctors will have to learn once again the difficult and long generic names. May be a legal framework will have to be followed by training and workshops for doctors. Monitoring the implementation of the rule is also another problematic issue in view of the large number of individual medical practioners spread to smaller places, where the need for generic prescription is more.. Second hindrance is retail chemist. They receive hefty commissions from MNCs and big Indian companies for their branded drugs. Naturally they maintain stocks of branded generic drugs and are not much interested in generics. Alleged doctor chemist nexus is also side issue in this. MNCs and big Indian companies is the third integral part of this chain. They obiviously will not be in favour of such a decision as that will affect their sales and profits. They connect with doctors on one hand so that they remember the branded drug while writing prescription for a patient and with chemists on the other that they store those medicines. Legal framework in PM’s mind will have to monitor, control and curb all these practices only then it will be able to provide some relief to a sick common person and his/her family from the current problem of high expenses of medical treatment. ]]> https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/8693/ease-financial-burden-of-healthcare.html https://biospectrumindia.com/news/81/8693/ease-financial-burden-of-healthcare.html Thu, 27 Apr 2017 16:15:00 +0530 Every government dreams and commits to provide affordable universal healthcare. National Health Policy 2017 also talks about it. But neither the dream has come true fully nor the commitment has been fulfilled completely as large section of population still lacks access to good quality and affordable healthcare. One factor that keeps coming in the way is finance. Nearly 30 per cent illnesses in rural parts and 20 per cent in urban areas go untreated due to financial constraints. Hospital treatment cost has increased by 10.4 per cent CAGR from 1996 to 2014. WHO health statistics 2012 shows that 70 per cent of Indian population spends most of its available income on healthcare and 39 million Indians are pushed into poverty each year due to healthcare cost. Another WHO data shows that 86 per cent of total private health expenditure was paid out of pocket by individuals in 2013 while 47 per cent and 31 per cent of hospital admissions in rural and urban areas respectively were financed by loans or sale of assets. This is because public spending on health is just four per cent of total pharmaceutical spending in India, compared to China (40%), US (50%) and Europe (70%). Global experience on healthcare expenditure shows that any country needs to spend at least 5-6 per cent of its GDP just to meet basic healthcare needs. In India, even more may be required to be spent, given the vast spread of the country, its inaccessible areas, huge population and large number of economically deprived people despite the country’s high economic progress leading to fast development of people only from certain classes during the last few years. Instead, against the bare minimum 5-6 per cent spending recommended, India had been spending just 1.5 per cent of the GDP, and in the new policy plans to take it to 2.5 per cent by 2025. Inadequate funds result in two types of pressures – lack of adequate and proper infrastructure and human resources. Both elements naturally have an adverse effect on the patient care. The new policy, though has not elaborated on it, has mentioned the private sector participation. Healthcare Federation of India (NATHEALTH) and PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt Ltd (PwC) have come out with a joint report on innovative modes of funding. The report suggests some important ways for the government to facilitate investment. They include setting up healthcare investment and improvement fund, financing through pension funds, tax-saving and tax-free bonds for financing healthcare infrastructure and bilateral investment treaties, which has potential for huge capital inflow. Market is conducive for such initiatives, as noted in the report by quoting examples of four key IPOs from healthcare sectors oversubscribing and transaction value of venture capital and private equity growing from $94 million in 2011 to $1,275 million in 2015 – a jump of over 13.5 time in five years. Still, the innovative methods suggested in the report may require more study and discussion before implementation. Government will have to move cautiously. But one point suggested in the report should be immediately implemented considering the delay in the matter as it will benefit the salaried class. The medical reimbursement tax exemption limit was set at Rs 15,000 in 1999 and remained unchanged. The report suggests that as per the healthcare inflation it should be Rs 80,000 now. May not be Rs 80,000, but the government must urgently consider enhancing the limit that was set 18 years back. Any policy merely remains a paper unless it translates into actions towards achieving the desired goals. For the new health policy to meet its goals, serious thinking and action on funding front is required as it will drive many activities suggested in the policy. Ways of innovative funding have been placed before the government. The government can seek more options from more sources. But, earlier the government discuss and consider them, better for the universal healthcare and the policy to be successful.       ]]>